Changes

The word Akasha literally means ‘a free or open space’ or ‘the ether’, ‘sky’ or ‘atmosphere’.<ref>Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, akasa, Page 126-27</ref> It is one of the [[panchamahabhuta]] ([[Sharira Sthana]] 1/27). In human biology, the empty space in the body or cavity corresponds to akasha mahabhuta. Akasha is one of the five basic constituents or fundamental elements of the universe.

The word Akasha literally means ‘a free or open space’ or ‘the ether’, ‘sky’ or ‘atmosphere’.<ref>Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, akasa, Page 126-27</ref> It is one of the [[panchamahabhuta]] ([[Sharira Sthana]] 1/27). In human biology, the empty space in the body or cavity corresponds to akasha mahabhuta. Akasha is one of the five basic constituents or fundamental elements of the universe.

==Etymology and derivation==

==Etymology and derivation==

The word akasha is derived from Kashru-deptau dhatu, meaning  ‘that spreads all over’.<ref name=Dingari2012>Dingarilakshmanachary.Acharya’sAyurvedeeyapadarthavigyana. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit pratisthan;2012.Chapter 11,Akasha nirupana;page 64-65</ref>

The word akasha is derived from Kashru-deptau dhatu, meaning  ‘that spreads all over’.<ref name=Dingari2012>Dingarilakshmanachary.Acharya’sAyurvedeeyapadarthavigyana. Delhi: Chaukhamba Sanskrit pratisthan;2012.Chapter 11,Akasha nirupana;page 64-65</ref>

==Synonyms==  

==Synonyms==  

Nabha, gagana, vyoma, nakshatra loka, divyaloka, viyat, antariksha and kha<ref name=Dingari2012 />

Nabha, gagana, vyoma, nakshatra loka, divyaloka, viyat, antariksha and kha<ref name=Dingari2012 />

==Contextual meanings==

==Contextual meanings==

The term Akasha denotes mainly the following meanings  

The term Akasha denotes mainly the following meanings  

# Akasha mahabhuta

# Akasha mahabhuta

# Sky

# Sky

# Space/ether

# Space/ether

==Evolution of Akasha mahabhuta==

==Evolution of Akasha mahabhuta==

In the sequence of the evolution process of [[panchamahabhuta]], Akasha is the first mahabhuta. It evolves from subtle form ‘shabdatanmatra.’<ref>BK Dwivedi.Padarthavijnana. Varanasi: Chowkhambakrishnadasacademy;2003.Chapter 2,Dravya vigyana;page 70</ref>

In the sequence of the evolution process of [[panchamahabhuta]], Akasha is the first mahabhuta. It evolves from subtle form ‘shabdatanmatra.’<ref>BK Dwivedi.Padarthavijnana. Varanasi: Chowkhambakrishnadasacademy;2003.Chapter 2,Dravya vigyana;page 70</ref>

==Numerology of Akasha==

==Numerology of Akasha==

Akasha is eka (unique) (tarkasangraha).<ref name=Dingari2012 /> It is eternal and spreads all over. (Chakrapani on [[Sutra Sthana]] 01/50).  

Akasha is eka (unique) (tarkasangraha).<ref name=Dingari2012 /> It is eternal and spreads all over. (Chakrapani on [[Sutra Sthana]] 01/50).  

==General characteristics==

==General characteristics==

A material with the predominance of Akasha mahabhuta possesses the following characteristics.  

A material with the predominance of Akasha mahabhuta possesses the following characteristics.  

*Soft (mrudu)  

*Soft (mrudu)  

*Smooth (shlakshna)([[Sutra Sthana]].26/11)

*Smooth (shlakshna)([[Sutra Sthana]].26/11)

*The abundance of sound (shabdaguna). This property is unique for akasha mahabhuta only ([[Sharira Sthana]].01/27).

*The abundance of sound (shabdaguna). This property is unique for akasha mahabhuta only ([[Sharira Sthana]].01/27).

==Specific characteristics==

==Specific characteristics==

Free flow/unobstructability (apratighatatva) is the characteristic feature of akasha mahabhuta ([[Sharira Sthana]] 01/29). Free flow or transport of nutrients in srotasa (transportation systems) indicates this feature of akasha. The empty space or hollow cavities in biological systems are denoted.  

Free flow/unobstructability (apratighatatva) is the characteristic feature of akasha mahabhuta ([[Sharira Sthana]] 01/29). Free flow or transport of nutrients in srotasa (transportation systems) indicates this feature of akasha. The empty space or hollow cavities in biological systems are denoted.  

==Importance==  

==Importance==  

Akasha mahabhuta is one of the basic six constituents of [[purusha]] or holistic human being. ([[Sharira Sthana]] 05/04)

Akasha mahabhuta is one of the basic six constituents of [[purusha]] or holistic human being. ([[Sharira Sthana]] 05/04)

===In the constitution of garbha (fetus) and embryogenesis===

===In the constitution of garbha (fetus) and embryogenesis===

Shabda (sound), shrotra (audition), laghava (lightness), saukshmya (fineness) and viveka (disintegration) in the fetus are attributed to akasha mahabhuta([[Sharira Sthana]]04/12). Akasha mahabhuta is a factor responsible for determining [[prakriti]] (constitution) of human being formed in embryonic life. It is categorized under mahabhutavikara prakriti. ([[Vimana Sthana]].08/95)  

Shabda (sound), shrotra (audition), laghava (lightness), saukshmya (fineness) and viveka (disintegration) in the fetus are attributed to akasha mahabhuta([[Sharira Sthana]]04/12). Akasha mahabhuta is a factor responsible for determining [[prakriti]] (constitution) of human being formed in embryonic life. It is categorized under mahabhutavikara prakriti. ([[Vimana Sthana]].08/95)  

After the formation of garbha(fetus), akasha is responsible for vivardhana(enlargement) (Su.Sa.Sa 05/03). It provides space for enlargement of the size of the fetus.  

After the formation of garbha(fetus), akasha is responsible for vivardhana(enlargement) (Su.Sa.Sa 05/03). It provides space for enlargement of the size of the fetus.  

===Organs and constituents in the body===  

===Organs and constituents in the body===  

*Sound, auditory organ, all orifices and distinctness (bones, blood vessels, ligaments etc) in the body are attributed to akasha mahabhuta (Su.Sa.Sa 01/19).

*Sound, auditory organ, all orifices and distinctness (bones, blood vessels, ligaments etc) in the body are attributed to akasha mahabhuta (Su.Sa.Sa 01/19).

*In the person, akasha is represented in the form of embodiment, space ([[Sharira Sthana]] 05/05).

*In the person, akasha is represented in the form of embodiment, space ([[Sharira Sthana]] 05/05).

===Inherent properties===  

===Inherent properties===  

*Akasha mahabhuta in its subtle form is one among ashta prakriti (eightfold nature of all beings) ([[Sharira sthana]] 01/64)  

*Akasha mahabhuta in its subtle form is one among ashta prakriti (eightfold nature of all beings) ([[Sharira sthana]] 01/64)  

*It is most subtle in nature and as a result, it is the lightest among mahabhuta ([[Sharira Sthana]] 04/12)  

*It is most subtle in nature and as a result, it is the lightest among mahabhuta ([[Sharira Sthana]] 04/12)  

*Akasha possesses dominance of sattva guna. Hence it shows the purest form. (Su.Sa.Sa 01/20)

*Akasha possesses dominance of sattva guna. Hence it shows the purest form. (Su.Sa.Sa 01/20)

==Importance in clinical practice==

==Importance in clinical practice==

*The [[vata]][[dosha]] is constituted from [[vayu]] and akasha mahabhuta.<ref>Shivprasad Sharma, editor. Astaangasamgraha by vridhavaagbata with SasilekhaCommentry. 3rd edition. Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit series office, 2012. Sootrastaana 20; p..</ref> In [[vata]] [[prakriti]] individual, the dominance of properties of akasha mahabhuta are observed.  

*The [[vata]][[dosha]] is constituted from [[vayu]] and akasha mahabhuta.<ref>Shivprasad Sharma, editor. Astaangasamgraha by vridhavaagbata with SasilekhaCommentry. 3rd edition. Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit series office, 2012. Sootrastaana 20; p..</ref> In [[vata]] [[prakriti]] individual, the dominance of properties of akasha mahabhuta are observed.  

*Similarly, in conditions of [[vata]][[dosha]] aggravation, akasha mahabuta predominance is observed. The treatment of such conditions is done by avoiding diet and lifestyle measures with akasha predominance.   

*Similarly, in conditions of [[vata]][[dosha]] aggravation, akasha mahabuta predominance is observed. The treatment of such conditions is done by avoiding diet and lifestyle measures with akasha predominance.   

*On the other side, the akasha mahabhuta dominant regimen is indicated in conditions of [[kapha]][[dosha]] aggravation.  

*On the other side, the akasha mahabhuta dominant regimen is indicated in conditions of [[kapha]][[dosha]] aggravation.  

*The action of drugs having more akasha mahabhuta is shamana (pacifies dosha) (Su.sa.su.41/06-09). Akasha predominant drugs are selected for shamana treatment.

*The action of drugs having more akasha mahabhuta is shamana (pacifies dosha) (Su.sa.su.41/06-09). Akasha predominant drugs are selected for shamana treatment.

*The drugs which are bitter in taste (tikta) have panchabhuta constitution as [[vayu]] and akasha(Su.sa.su.42/03). This can produce mardava (softness), saushirya (porousness) and laghava(lightness) in the body ([[Sutra Sthana]].26/11). Therefore these are part of langhana treatment prescribed in diseases due to over-nutrition.  

*The drugs which are bitter in taste (tikta) have panchabhuta constitution as [[vayu]] and akasha(Su.sa.su.42/03). This can produce mardava (softness), saushirya (porousness) and laghava(lightness) in the body ([[Sutra Sthana]].26/11). Therefore these are part of langhana treatment prescribed in diseases due to over-nutrition.

==Current views and researches==

==Current views and researches==

In view of quantum mechanics, the akasha mahabhuta corroborates to spin 2 (graviton) and superfield gravity.  In the body, it corresponds with the body channels and spaces.<ref>Sharma Hari,Christopher Clark. Contemporary Ayurveda: Medicine and Research in Maharishi Ayur-Veda.Churchill Livingstone; 1 edition;1997,36-37</ref>  

In view of quantum mechanics, the akasha mahabhuta corroborates to spin 2 (graviton) and superfield gravity.  In the body, it corresponds with the body channels and spaces.<ref>Sharma Hari,Christopher Clark. Contemporary Ayurveda: Medicine and Research in Maharishi Ayur-Veda.Churchill Livingstone; 1 edition;1997,36-37</ref>  

==References==

==References==