Changes

Rasayana Chikitsa (view source)

Revision as of 12:36, 2 June 2020

214 bytes removed , 12:36, 2 June 2020

no edit summary

Line 2: Line 2:

|title=Rasayana Chikitsa Adhyaya

|titlemode=append

−

|keywords=Rasayana, Ojas , Ojabala, Vyadhikshamatva, Rejuvenation, Geriatrics, longevity, Immunity, Functional foods, nutraceuticals, Immune-enhancers, Amalaki, Abhaya, Triphala, Bhallataka, Shilajatu, Chyavanaprasha, Brahma Rasayana, Medhya Rasayana, Achara Rasayana, Kayakalpa

+

|keywords=Rasayana, Ojas , Ojabala, Vyadhikshamatva, Rejuvenation, Geriatrics, longevity, Immunity, Functional foods, nutraceuticals, Immune-enhancers, Amalaki, Abhaya, Triphala, Bhallataka, Shilajatu, Chyavanaprasha, Brahma Rasayana, Medhya Rasayana, Achara Rasayana, Kayakalpa, ayurveda, charak samhita, anti ageing

|description=Chikitsa Sthana Chapter 1. The specialization of Rasayana (Rejuvenation therapy)

}}

−

'''<big>[[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 1. ~~The specialization of [[Rasayana]] (~~Rejuvenation therapy)</big>'''

+

'''<big>[[Chikitsa Sthana]] Chapter 1. Rejuvenation therapy </big>'''

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

Line 76: Line 76:

== Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation ==

−

==== Part- I: ''Abhayamalakiya Rasayana Pada'' ====

+

=== Part- I: ''Abhayamalakiya Rasayana Pada'' ===

Line 93: Line 93:

</div></div>

−

Now I shall ~~deliberate on~~ the first quarter of the chapter ~~on ''rasayana'' i.e. promotive therapy specially dealing with ''Abhaya''(''Haritaki''), ''Amalaki'' etc~~. Thus said Lord Atreya.[1-2]

+

Now we shall expound the first quarter of the chapter "Abhayamalakiya Rasayana Pada". Thus said Lord Atreya.[1-2]

−

===== Synonyms of ''Bheshaja'' =====

+

==== Synonyms of ''Bheshaja'' ====

Line 120: Line 120:

''Chikitsa'' (measures which alleviate disorders), ''vyadhihara'' (destroyer of diseases), ''pathya'' (beneficial for the bodily channels), ''sadhana'' (instrument for therapeutic action), ''aushadha'' (that which is prepared of herbes), ''prayashchitta'' (expiation), ''prashamana'' (pacification), ''prakritisthapana'' (that which helps recovery to normalcy), ''hita'' (wholesome) – these are the synonyms of ''bheshaja'' (therapeutics).[3-4]

−

===== Types of ''Bheshaja'' =====

+

==== Types of ''Bheshaja'' ====

Line 142: Line 142:

#that which alleviates disorders. [4]

−

===== Types of ''Abheshaja'' =====

+

==== Types of ''Abheshaja'' ====

Line 155: Line 155:

''Abheshaja'' (non-therapeutics) is also of two types – (1) ''badhana'' (acute), (2) ''sanubadhana'' (chronic).[5]

−

===== Objective of ''Rasayana'' and ''Vajikarana'' =====

+

==== Objective of ''Rasayana'' and ''Vajikarana'' ====

Line 180: Line 180:

Therapeutics which promotes strength and immunity is categorized in ''vrishya'' (aphrodisiac) and ''rasayana'' (promotives), while the therapy of the second category is mostly applied for alleviation of disorders. The word ''prayah'' specially denotes only particularity because both the groups perform both the above functions namely, promotion of strength including immunity and alleviation of diseases. [5-6]

−

===== Benefits of ''Rasayana'' =====

+

==== Benefits of ''Rasayana'' ====

Line 211: Line 211:

By promotive treatment, one attains longevity, memory, intelligence, freedom from illness, youthfulness, excellence of lustre, complexion and voice, optimum strength of physique and sense organs, perfection in deliberation, respectability and brilliance. ''Rasayana'' is the means of attaining excellent qualities of ''rasa'' etc. ''dhatus'' i.e. body cells and tissues. [7-8]

−

===== Benefits of ''Vajikarana'' =====

+

==== Benefits of ''Vajikarana'' ====

Line 266: Line 266:

''Vajikarana'' (aphrodisiac treatment) is that which produces lineage of progeny, quick sexual stimulation, enables one to perform sexual act with the women uninterruptedly and vigorously like a horse, makes one charming for the women, promotes corpulence and infallible and indestructible semen even in the old persons, renders one great having a number of off-springs like a sacred tree branched profusely and commanding respect and popularity in the society. By this one attains eternality based on filial tradition here and hereafter along with fame, fortune, strength and corpulence. [9-12]

−

===== Two types of ''Aushadha'' (medicine) =====

+

==== Two types of ''Aushadha'' (medicine) ====

Line 297: Line 297:

Thus, the twofold promotive treatment for the healthy is described here. As regard the measures for alleviating diseases, those will be described in the concerned chapters on therapeutics. The sole purpose of therapeutics is to alleviate diseases. The method of ''rasayana'' has been described first and thereafter the aphrodisiac measures have been described. [13-14]

−

===== ''Abheshaja'' (non-therapeutics) =====

+

==== ''Abheshaja'' (non-therapeutics) ====

Line 316: Line 316:

''Abheshaja'' is that which is contrary to the ''bheshaja'' i.e. therapy. This is to be avoided whereas the ''bheshaja'' therapeutic measures are to be described further to be adopted. [15]

−

===== Modes of Administration of ''Kutipraveshika'' and ''Vatatapika Rasayana'' =====

+

==== Modes of Administration of ''Kutipraveshika'' and ''Vatatapika Rasayana'' ====

Line 438: Line 438:

Now, in northerly course of the sun, bright fortnight and auspicious date, star, hour and ''karana'', one having clean- shaved, with strong restraint and memory, faith and focused mind, and stress-free state, feeling companionship with all the creatures, having worshipped the gods and ''brahmanas'' first and keeping the gods, cow and ''brahmanas'' to the right side, one should enter the cottage and be cleansed and thereafter when he feels happy and strong, he should use ''rasayana'' treatment. Further I shall talk about the cleansing procedures. [16-24]

−

===== Body purification before ''rasayana'' treatment =====

+

==== Body purification before ''rasayana'' treatment ====

Line 493: Line 493:

The individual scheduled to undergo ''rasayana'' treatment, adequately oleated and fomented, should take formulations with hot water consisting of the powders of ''haritaki'', rock salt, ''amalaka'', jaggery, ''vacha'', ''vidanga'', ''haridra'', long pepper and dry ginger. When he is evacuated properly by this procedure and has resumed the routine dietetic regimen, he should be given barley preparation added with ghee for three, five or seven days (according to measure of evacuation) till the accumulated feces are eliminated. Thus, when he is considered as having cleansed properly, the physician should administer the appropriately chosen ''rasayana'' (drug) in consideration of his age, constitution and suitability. [25-28]

−

===== Properties of ''Haritaki'' and ''Amalaki'' =====

+

==== Properties of ''Haritaki'' and ''Amalaki'' ====

Line 614: Line 614:

Thus, looking to these actions, one should regard the fruits of ''haritaki'' as well as ''amlaki'' like nectar. [29-37]

−

===== Qualities of ideal drugs for therapeutic use =====

+

==== Qualities of ideal drugs for therapeutic use ====

Line 657: Line 657:

Himalaya is excellent among the mountains, which is the best habitat of medicinal plants. Hence one should obtain the fruits grown there in proper time, mature with taste and potency, replenished with the sun, air, shade and water in respective seasons according to need, and which are uneaten, un-purified, uninjured and non toxic. The excellent actions and uses of these fruits will be described now. [38-40]

−

===== ''Brahma Rasayanam'' =====

+

==== ''Brahma Rasayanam'' ====

Line 955: Line 955:

On using this ''brahma rasayana'', already used by great sages, the user becomes disease free, long lived and with great strength. He becomes charming to the world, with all mission fulfilled, having splendor like that of the moon and the sun, acquires and retains the knowledge. He is endowed with divine psyche, firmness like that of mountain, valor like that of wind. Even poison is reduced to non poison on coming in contact with his body. [59-61]

−

===== ''Chyavanaprasha'' =====

+

==== ''Chyavanaprasha'' ====

Line 1,124: Line 1,124:

40 Gms of each of ''bilwa, agnimantha, shyonaka, kashmarya, patala, bala,'' four leaved herbs (''shalaparni, prishniparni, mudgaparni, mashaparni''), ''pippali, shvadamshtra, brihati, kantakari, karkatshringi, tamalaki, draksha, jivanti, pushkaramula, aguru, abhaya, amrita, riddhi, jivaka, rishabhaka, shati, musta, punarnava, meda, ela, chandana, utpala, vidari, vasa (roots), kakoli'' and ''kakanasa'' and 500 fruits of ''amalaki''– all these put together should be boiled in water measuring 100 litres 240 ml. when the drugs are extracted completely the decoction should be brought down. The fruits of ''amalaki'' also should be taken out and their seeds are removed. Then the fruit pulp should be fried in ''tila'' oil and ghee (mixed) in quantity of 480 gms. Now it should be cooked in the above decoction adding to it 2 kg of clean sugar candy and prepared into a linctus. When it is self cooked, 240 gms of honey should be added to it. in the end 160 gms ''twak, ela, patra'' and ''nagakeshara'' (combined together) should be added. This is the famous ''chyavanaprasha'', an excellent ''rasayana''. Particularly it alleviates cough and dyspnea, is useful for the wasted, injured and old people and promotes development of children. It alleviates hoarseness of voice, chest disease, heart disease, ''vatarakta'', thirst and disorders of urine and semen. It should be taken in the dose which does not interfere with the food intake and digestion. By consuming this ''rasayana'' preparation, the extremely old sage Chyavana regained youthful age. If this ''rasayana'' is used by the indoor method, even the old attains intellect, memory, luster, freedom from disease, longevity, strength of senses, sexual vigor, adequate ''agni'' function (digestion and metabolism), fairness of complexion and appropriate discharge of flatus. The consumer of this ''rasayana'' gets rid of senility and enjoys youthfulness. [62-74]

−

===== ''Amalaka Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Amalaka Rasayana'' ====

Line 1,145: Line 1,145:

The fruits of ''haritaki'' and ''amalaka'' or ''amalaka'' and ''bibhitaka'' or ''haritaki'' and ''bibhitaka'' or ''haritaki'', ''amalaka'' and ''bibhitaka'' should be wrapped with the bark of ''palasha'' tree and after having been pasted with mud should be cooked on charcoal. (when they are well cooked) their seeds be removed and 40 kg of this material should be pounded in a mortar and added with curd, ghee, honey, sesame paste, ''tila'' oil and sugar. This should be consumed on empty stomach by the above method. After the course of treatment, one should be brought back to its normal state by intake of gruel etc. he should also be massaged and anointed with ghee and barley powder. This is the limit of the use of the ''rasayana''. Keeping in view the power of digestion, he should be given diet consisting of ''swastika'' rice added with ghee along with soup or milk for the period double of the same for treatment. Thereafter he may move and eat according to pleasure. By this treatment, the sages regained youthfulness and attained disease free life of many hundreds of years, and endowed with the strength of physique, intellect and sense practiced penance with utmost devotion. (75)

−

===== ''Haritaki'' formulation =====

+

==== ''Haritaki'' formulation ====

Line 1,177: Line 1,177:

Ghee extracted from milk is cooked with ''haritaki, amalaka, bibhitaka, haridra, sthira, bala, vidanga, amritavalli, vishvabheshaja, madhuka,'' ''pippali'' and ''katphala''. This (ghee) along with honey and sugar is mixed with the ''amalaka'' powder impregnated hundred times with the juice of ''amalaka'' fruits and added with iron powder in ¼ quantity. 10 gms of this formulation should be taken in every morning by the above method. In the evening, patient should take diet consisting of ''shali'' and ''shashtika'' rice added with ghee along with the green gram soup or milk. If this formulation is used regularly for three years, the person attains a life span of hundred years free from old age, acquires knowledge, his diseases are alleviated, poison becomes in-effective in his body which is rendered as stone and he becomes invincible for the organisms. [77]

−

===== Summary =====

+

==== Summary ====

Line 1,263: Line 1,263:

Thus ends the first quarter of ''haritaki, amalaka'' etc. in the chapter on ''rasayana'' in [[Chikitsa Sthana]] in the treatise composed of Agnivesha and redacted by Charak. [1]

−

==== Part II- ''Pranakamiyam Rasayana pada'' ====

+

=== Part II- ''Pranakamiyam Rasayana pada'' ===

Line 1,282: Line 1,282:

Now I shall deliberate on the quarter of the chapter on ''Rasayana'' on desire for vital breath etc. As propounded by Lord Atreya. [1-2]

−

===== Benefits of ''Rasayana'' and effects of domestic food and lifestyle =====

+

==== Benefits of ''Rasayana'' and effects of domestic food and lifestyle ====

Line 1,299: Line 1,299:

Oh desirous of vital breath! Listen to me explaining the procedure of ''rasayana'' therapy which is like another nectar, acceptable for the gods, having incomprehensible miraculous effects, prolongs life span, provides health, sustains age, relieves excessive sleep, drowsiness, exertion, exhaustion, lassitude and emaciation, restores ''tridoshika'' balance, brings stability, alleviates laxity of muscles, kindles internal fire and imparts excellent luster, complexion and voice. By using this, the great sages like Chyavana and others. regained youthful age and became charming for the women, they also attained firm, even and well divided muscles, compact and stable physique, blossomed strength, complexion and sense, uninterrupted prowess and endurance. All morbidity arise due to domestic food in those eating sour, saline, pungent, alkaline, dried vegetables, meat, sesame, sesame paste and preparation of (rice) flour, germinated or fresh, awned or leguminous cereals, incompatible, unsuitable, rough, alkaline and channel blocking substances, decomposed, heavy, putrefied, and staled food items, indulging in irregular diet or eating while the previous food is undigested, day sleep, women and wine, performing irregular and excessive physical exercise causing agitation in the body, affected with fear, anger, grief, greed, confusion and exhaustion. Because of this the muscles get laxed, joints get loosened, blood gets burnt, fat becomes abundant and liquefied, marrow does not mature in bones, semen does not manifest and ''ojas'' deteriorates. Thus, the person subdued with malaise, depression, sleep, drowsiness, lassitude, lack of enthusiasm, dyspnea, incapability in physical and mental activities, loss of memory, intellect and luster, becomes resort of illness and thus does not enjoy the normal life span. Hence looking to these defects, one should abstain from all the said unwholesome diet and activities so that he becomes fit for using the ''rasayana'' treatment- saying this Lord Punarvasu Atreya further added. [3]

−

===== ''Amalaki'' ghee =====

+

==== ''Amalaki'' ghee ====

Line 1,334: Line 1,334:

</div></div>

−

==== Part III-''Karaprachitiyam Rasayana Pada''====

+

=== Part III-''Karaprachitiyam Rasayana Pada''===

Line 1,353: Line 1,353:

Now I shall deliberate on the quarter of [[Rasayana]] dealing with the hand- plucked (fruits of ''amalaki''). As propounded by Lord Atreya.[1-2]

−

===== ''Amalakayasa Brahma Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Amalakayasa Brahma Rasayana'' ====

Line 1,450: Line 1,450:

In ancient times, the great sages attained stable life span by using the ''rasayana'' treatment properly and timely due to penance, celibacy, meditation and serenity because no ''rasayana'' treatment is successful in individuals who are not attentive, are engaged in divergent activities and live in villages. [7-8]

−

===== ''Kevala Amalaka Rasayanam'' =====

+

==== ''Kevala Amalaka Rasayanam'' ====

Line 1,535: Line 1,535:

One should live in amidst cows, remain on milk diet mediate on ''Savitri mantra(Gayatri mantra)'', observing celibacy and controlling his sense organs for a year. At the end of the year, he should fast for three days and then should enter in to a forest of ''amalaki'' trees on full moon day of the month of Pausha, Magha or Phalguna. Then he should climb on one of the ''amalaki'' trees having big fruits, should take the fruit situated on a branch by hand and should wait for some time repeating the Brahman mantras till nectar descends in the fruit. During this period nectar positively resides in ''amalaka'' fruit which, due to presence of nectar, becomes sweet like sugar and honey, unctuous and soft. The person having regained youthfulness lives the number of thousand of years equal to that of fruits eaten. After getting saturated fully with them one becomes like God and Shri, Vedas and personified knowledge enters in to him spontaneously. [9-14]

−

===== ''Lauhadi Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Lauhadi Rasayana'' ====

Line 1,658: Line 1,658:

The person who uses iron ''rasayana'', overcomes injury, disease, senility and death because he has acquired vital strength like that of elephant and strong sense organs. The user of the metallic ''rasayana'' for a year becomes intelligent, renowned orator, scholar and wealthy. So also the use of gold or silver ''rasayana'' also provide longevity and freedom from all ailments. [15-23]

−

===== ''Aindra Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Aindra Rasayana'' ====

Line 1,745: Line 1,745:

This precious ''aindra rasayana'' alleviates senility and diseases, promotes memory and intellect, enhances life span, and provides nourishment, excellence, clarity of voice, complexion, ''ojas'' and immunity. Magic spells, poison and pains cannot resist its effect. This ''rasayana'' alleviates leucoderma, leprosy, abdominal diseases, ''gulma'', spleenomegaly, chronic intermittent fever and the disease taking away intellect, memory and knowledge and also the severe ''vatika'' disorders. [24-29]

−

===== ''Medhya Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Medhya Rasayana'' ====

Line 1,782: Line 1,782:

Consumption of ''mandukaparni'' juice, the powder of ''yashtimadhu'' with milk, the juice of ''guduchi'' along with its roots and flowers and the paste of ''shankhapushpi'' – these ''rasayana'' drugs are life promoting, disease alleviating, promoters of strength, ''agni'', complexion, voice and are intellect promoting. Of them ''shankhapushpi'' is specifically intellect promoting. [30-31]

−

===== ''Pippali Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Pippali Rasayana'' ====

Line 1,843: Line 1,843:

The individuals desirous of ''rasayana'' effect should take ''pippali'' in number of five, seven, eight or ten with honey and ghee for a year. Three ''pippali'' fruits should be taken in the morning, after meal and before meal. These fruits should first be impregnated with alkali of ''palasha'' and then fried in ghee. These should be taken with honey by those who want ''rasayana'' effect particularly in order to alleviate cough, wasting, phthisis, dyspnea, hiccup, throat disorders, piles, disorders of ''grahani'', paleness, intermittent fever, disorders of voice, chronic rhinitis, swelling, ''gulma'' and ''vatabalasaka''. [32-35]

−

===== ''Pippali Vardhamana Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Pippali Vardhamana Rasayana'' ====

Line 1,916: Line 1,916:

Ten ''pippali'' should be taken with milk on the first day. From the second day onwards up to the tenth day ten fruits should be increased daily. From the eleventh day the number of fruits should be decreased gradually in the same order till it comes to ten. After the medicine is digested the person should take ''shashtika'' rice with ghee extracted from milk. Thus the use of ''pippali'' in total number of one thousand is ''rasayana'' in effect. The ''pippali'' fruits should be taken by the persons with high strength in the form of paste, by those with medium strength in that of decoction and by those with low strength in the form of powder keeping in view the ''doshas'' and diseases. The initial use of ten ''pippali'' fruits is maximum, that of six is medium and that of three is minimum. These numbers are also applicable according to the degree of strength of the patient. The ''rasayana'' use of ''pippali'' is bulk promoting, beneficial for voice and life span, alleviates spleen enlargement, sustains age and promotes intellect. [36-40]

−

===== ''Triphala Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Triphala Rasayana'' ====

Line 1,953: Line 1,953:

One ''haritaki'' after digestion, two ''bibhitaka'' before meal and four ''amalaki'' after meal should be taken with honey and ghee for a year. This ''triphala rasayana'' helps a person live for one hundred years free from senility and disease. (41-42)

−

===== ''Triphala Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Triphala Rasayana'' ====

Line 1,990: Line 1,990:

A new iron plate should be pasted with the paste of ''triphala''. After twenty-four hours this paste should be collected and dissolved in honey water and consumed. After the medicine is digested one should take a meal with plenty of fat. By observing this procedure for a year one lives one hundred years free from senility and illness. [43-44]

−

===== ''Triphala Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Triphala Rasayana'' ====

Line 2,015: Line 2,015:

''Triphala'' mixed with ''madhuka, tugaksheeri, pippali'' along with honey and ghee or ''triphala'' with sugar is an effective ''rasayana''. [45]

−

===== ''Triphala Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Triphala Rasayana'' ====

Line 2,052: Line 2,052:

''Triphala'' along with all six metals including gold, ''vacha'' or with ''vidanga'' and ''pippali'' or with ''lavana'' taken with honey and ghee for a year promotes intellect, memory and strength, longevity and excellence and relieves senility and diseases. [46-47]

−

===== Properties of ''Shilajatu rasayana'' =====

+

==== Properties of ''Shilajatu rasayana'' ====

Line 2,332: Line 2,332:

Thus ends the third quarter on hand plucked (''amalaki'' fruits) in the chapter on ''rasayana'' in [[Chikitsa Sthana]] in the treatise composed by Agnivesha and redacted by Charak. [3]

−

==== Part IV: ''[[Ayurveda]]samutthaniyam Rasayana Pada'' ====

+

=== Part IV: ''[[Ayurveda]]samutthaniyam Rasayana Pada'' ===

Line 2,393: Line 2,393:

After listening to the wisdom of the king of gods, all the rishis praised the precepter with incantations and applauded his statement with great pleasure. [5]

−

===== ''Indrokta Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Indrokta Rasayana'' ====

Line 2,723: Line 2,723:

The indoor regimen of ''rasayana'' therapy is prescribed for those who are fit, disease free, wise, self controlled, leisurely and are wealthy otherwise the outdoor method of ''vatatapika rasayana'' therapy is advisable. The former kind of regimen is, no doubt superior but is difficult to operate. If during the treatment some complications arise due to faulty methods, better treatment is planned after discontinuing the initial course of ''rasayana'' therapy. [27-29]

−

===== ''Achara Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Achara Rasayana'' ====

Line 3,157: Line 3,157:

[[Ayurveda]] has been empowered by the great ''rishis'' devoted to piety and wishing immortality for welfare and not for earning or enjoyment. One who takes up the treatment only for human welfare and not for earning or self enjoyment supersedes all and those who sell the regimen of therapy for livelihood and devoted to the heap of dust leaving aside the store of gold. One who provides life to those being dragged to the abode of death by severe diseases while cutting the death nets cannot be simulated with any other donor of virtue and wealth because there is no charity better than providing life. The physician who is compassionate on living being as the highest virtue, proceeds in treatment of patients, achieves all objects and enjoy maximum happiness. [55-62]

−

===== Summary =====

+

==== Summary ====

Line 3,228: Line 3,228:

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==

−

==== The order of sections ====

+

=== The order of sections ===

The order in which various ''sthana'' (sections) of [[Charak Samhita]] are arranged is also significant. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] is placed after [[Indriya Sthana]]. [[Indriya Sthana]] describes the signs and symptoms which indicate certain death of a person. The treatment in such conditions results in failure. Therefore, it must be avoided. The treatment in such conditions should be continued with proper knowledge and also with due consent. After describing limitations of treatment in [[Indriya Sthana]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]] describes successful treatment of rest of conditions.

−

==== Different levels of treatment ====

+

=== Different levels of treatment ===

According to [[Ayurveda]], the life is conglomeration of four factors namely ''shareera'' (the body made up of five ''mahabhootas''), ''indriya'' (the sensory faculty), ''sattva'' or ''mana'' (mind) and ''atma'' (the soul). On this basis, disease is also studied at different levels. Therefore, the treatment also is performed at different levels. After initial treatment for relief, [[Ayurveda]] describes ''prayoga'' (long term treatment for complete cure) and ''apunarbhava chikitsa'' (treatment which prevents recurrence of the disease) to maintain and promote health, ''rasayana'' is given.

−

==== Various aspects of ''Chikitsa'' (treatment) ====

+

=== Various aspects of ''Chikitsa'' (treatment) ===

At the beginning of the chapter, various aspects of treatment are explained by using various synonyms. ''Chikitsita'' are means for curing disease. ''Pathya'' means specific wholesome diet and regimens which will help to cure disease, it also means that which maintains normalcy of ''srotas'' (channels for transportation and transformation of nutrients in the destined body constituent). ''Sadhana'' means various instruments and procedures helpful for successful treatment. ''Aushadha'' are medicines obtained from herbs. ''Prayashchitta'' means the redressal for diseases originating from previous deeds of the person. ''Prashamana'' is that which leads to complete cure. ''Prakriti'' (specific constitution of a person) makes him prone for certain diseases. ''Prakritisthapana'' helps to protect a person from them by maintaining balance of all three ''doshas''. ''Hita'' is that which helps to make ''dhatus'' stable and protect them from diseases. (verse 3)

−

==== Benefits of ''Rasayana'' ====

+

=== Benefits of ''Rasayana'' ===

''Rasayana'' produces best quality of ''dhatus'' (body tissues). Various benefits of using ''rasayana'' include long and healthy life, maintenance of youth and prevention of ageing, great ''bala'' (a broad term, which includes physical, mental strength and immunity) are obtained by ''rasayana''. Excellence of luster, complexion of skin and beauty, excellence of voice, enhanced capacity of senses, power of memory and intelligence are obtained.

Line 3,246: Line 3,246:

''Vak Siddhi'' is a power by which whatever the person speaks, becomes true. ''Pranati'' is reverence from people. By use of ''rasayana'', the person gets physical strength, mental abilities and power of intellect and memory. So, whatever the person speaks, he has the capacity to practically act accordingly. Also, he speaks only the truth. So, his words come true. Because of such good qualities, he gets reverence from people. (verse 7,8)

−

==== Benefits of ''Vajikarana'' (verse 9-12) ====

+

=== Benefits of ''Vajikarana'' (verse 9-12) ===

#''Apatyasantanakara''- Not only the person using vajeekarana will have progeny, but even his further generations also won’t have infertility, so effects of vajeekarana are capable of making genetic changes

Line 3,262: Line 3,262:

#Success, wealth and prosperity, strength, robustness

−

==== Two modes of administration of ''rasayana'' (verse 1.1.16) ====

+

=== Two modes of administration of ''rasayana'' (verse 1.1.16) ===

''Rasayana'' can be used by two methods:

Line 3,269: Line 3,269:

#''Vatatapika''- The person continues with his routine activities, while using ''rasayana''.

−

==== Construction of a ''Kuti'' (hut) (verse 1.1.16-20) ====

+

=== Construction of a ''Kuti'' (hut) (verse 1.1.16-20) ===

−

===== The place =====

+

==== The place ====

''Kuti'' is built at a place near city or town, i.e. in civilised place, near the place of king or government officials for legal issues, permissions, near place of ''vaidyas'' (physicians) for advice of other senior ''vaidyas'' whenever required, where advice of experts in other fields of knowledge is available, place of well cultured gentlemen , decent place with social security, with availability of necessary instruments, equipment and amenities, located in east or north, for proper light and ventilation, selected as per the ''bhoomi pareeksha'' ( selection of good land) as described in [[Madanakalpa Adhyaya]].

−

=====Structure and design =====

+

====Structure and design ====

Structure and design is decided by experts in that field, but the specific requirements are mentioned in this chapter, such as: with proper height ,width, with three concentric courts, having small windows on height, having thick walls, comfortable for all seasons, spacious, with proper lighting, pleasant for stay, protected from sound pollution ,other forms of pollution and unwanted sounds, smells etc., where celibacy can be maintained, equipped with necessary instruments, equipment and amenities, having on duty ''vaidyas'', consulting ''vaidyas'' and consultants in other fields. The following pictures can give an idea regarding this:

Line 3,282: Line 3,282:

[[File:rasayana structure 2.png|500px]]

−

==== Entering the ''Kuti'' ====

+

=== Entering the ''Kuti'' ===

The specific way of entering the kuti is described in the text. Not only by using specific purificatory methods, the body pf the person is prepared for the effects of ''rasayana'', but he is also prepared mentally. The person gets extraordinary qualities due to ''rasayana''. But he may use them only for his personal benefits and may harm others in the society. For this he is convinced to use his qualities for the benefit of the whole society. He also resolves to properly complete the procedure, since ceasing of the procedure midway may be harmful for health.

−

==== Quality control in selection of medicines (verse 1.1. 38-40) ====

+

=== Quality control in selection of medicines (verse 1.1. 38-40) ===

#''Bhoomi pariksha'' (criteria to select good land for collection of medicines) as described in [[Madanakalpa Adhyaya]] verse 9, should be followed.

Line 3,297: Line 3,297:

#Free from toxicity

−

==== ''Abhayamalakeeya Pada'' ====

+

=== ''Abhayamalakeeya Pada'' ===

This part of the chapter deals with ''rasayana'' prepared from ''haritaki'' (Terminalia chebula) and ''amalaki'' (Emblica officinalis) as the name suggests. These are the first two ''rasayana'' mentioned in this chapter denoting their importance.

−

==== ''Haritaki Rasayana'' (verse 1.1.29-32) ====

+

=== ''Haritaki Rasayana'' (verse 1.1.29-32) ===

''Haritaki'' pacifies ''kapha'' and ''pitta''. It performs ''anulomana'' of ''vata'' i.e. helps to maintain normal movements of ''vata''. It moves out the accumulated ''dosha'' and ''mala'', thus helps to maintain patency and proper functions of ''srotas''. It also activates ''dhatvagni''. Although ''haritaki'' is not directly providing nourishment to ''dhatus'' (body tissues), but due to to proper function of ''srotas'', removes obstructions and helps the nutrients to reach to the ''dhatus''. Also by activating ''dhatvagni'', it helps in proper conversion of nutrients into ''dhatus''. Because of these actions, ''haritaki'' is very important ''rasayana''.

−

==== ''Amalaki Rasayana'' (verse 1.1.36-37) ====

+

=== ''Amalaki Rasayana'' (verse 1.1.36-37) ===

Most of the qualities and actions of ''amalaki'' are similar to ''haritaki''. But ''amalaki'' is ''sheeta veerya'', whereas ''haritaki'' is ''ushna veerya''.

−

==== ''Rasayana'' in the first ''Pada'' ====

+

=== ''Rasayana'' in the first ''Pada'' ===

The first part of this chapter mentions six ''rasayana'', including ''Brahma Rasayana, Chyavanaprasha, Amalaka Rasayana, and Haritaki Rasayana'' (a combination of both ''haritaki'' and ''amalaki''). The contents and procedures for preparation of each of these ''rasayana'' is mentioned in the text. Commentator Gangadhara has given further details about steps in actual preparation. Apart from the commonly described benefits of ''rasayana'', at the beginning of the chapter, each ''rasayana'' has got certain specific benefits. A ''vaidya'' selects a ''rasayana'' for a person considering mode of action of ''rasayana'', based on qualities and actions, and based on specific benefits of that ''rasayana''.

−

===== ''Brahma Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Brahma Rasayana'' ====

This ''rasayana'' is prepared with thousand ''haritaki'' fruits and three thousand ''amalaki'' fruits, with 25 other medicines used for ''kvatha'' (decoction) and 14 other medicines used for ''kalka'' (in the form of paste). Specially this ''rasayana'', apart from general benefits of ''rasayana'', is described as useful for removing ''tandra'' (drowsiness), ''klama'' ( lassitude), ''shvasa'' (dyspnea). It also boosts intelligence and memory. These benefits of this ''rasayana'', are because it ignites ''agni'', performs digestion of ama, therefore improves the quality of rasa. Also since it eliminates accumulated malas from the body and performs pachana of ama, ''srotas'' become clear and patent. Thus, ''tamoguna'' is reduced and ''sattva guna'' increases.

While the second brahma ''rasayana'' is prepared with a thousand ''amalaki'' fruits triturated in the juice of a thousand ''amalaki'' fruits. With addition of 23 other medicines and ''bhasma'' (specific form which can be absorbed and assimilated in the body) of gold, silver, copper, praval and iron. Because of such ingredients, it specifically provides great physical strength, and also power of ''indriya'' (sensory faculty) is enhanced. Also the body develops the capacity to counteract the effects of poisons.

−

===== ''Chyavanaprasha Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Chyavanaprasha Rasayana'' ====

''Chyanaprasha'' is prepared from the pulp of 500 ''amalaki'' fruits, with addition of 36 other medicines used for ''kvatha'' (decoction) and fine powders of four other medicines added at the end. It is specifically useful for maintaining youth and vigor. It helps to build body tissues in children, old and emaciated persons. Ignites ''agni'' and Improves beauty. Also useful in disorders of voice, diseases of chest, heart diseases, and disorders of urinary tract and genital organs.

−

==== Diseases from changing lifestyle and importance of ''rasayana'' ====

+

=== Diseases from changing lifestyle and importance of ''rasayana'' ===

The second quarter starts with description of changing lifestyle and the resultant disorders. It is described that with their healthy lifestyle the ancient sages were free from diseases. But diseases originated due to urbanization and thereby changing lifestyle.

Line 3,330: Line 3,330:

It is described that by following proper healthy lifestyle and by the use of ''rasayana'', one can get freedom from such diseases. Therefore, thorough study and application of ''rasayana'' is needed in the present era.

−

==== ''Rasayana'' in the second ''pada'' ====

+

=== ''Rasayana'' in the second ''pada'' ===

In the second quarter 37 ''rasayana'' have been described. The name ''pranakameeya'' suggests desire or quest for living i.e. desire for longevity. For this purpose, ''rasayana'' prepared mainly from ''amalaki'' are described.

−

===== ''Nagabala Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Nagabala Rasayana'' ====

As the name suggests provides strength and stability to body tissues. The same method of using ''nagabala'' as ''rasayana'' described here is applicable for using 10 other ''rasayana'' enlisted from ''bala'' to ''punarnava''.

−

===== ''Bhallataka Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Bhallataka Rasayana'' ====

This is extremely ''ushna-teekshna'' due to which it is used in ''kapha'' dominant conditions, or where ''kapha'' obstructs movements of ''vata''. Also, to remove obstruction in ''srotas'' and facilitate conduction and conversions going on in ''srotas''. ''Bhallataka'' is also excellent ''rasayana'' for igniting functions of ''agni''. It also increases intelligence, as it removes ''tamoguna'' (which is responsible for inhibition). 10 specific formulations of ''bhallataka'' are described, which can be used as ''rasayana'' .

Line 3,344: Line 3,344:

Although ''bhallataka'' is very potent, it can result in unwanted effects, when improperly used. Therefore, the precautions to be taken while using it, are mentioned in the text.

−

==== ''Rasayana'' in the third ''pada'' ====

+

=== ''Rasayana'' in the third ''pada'' ===

The third quarter is named as ''Karaprachitiya'' because the first ''rasayana'' mentioned here is prepared from ''amalaki'' fruits plucked by hands. In all 16 ''rasayana'' are described. Apart from ''rasayanas'' prepared from ''amalaki'', there is ''lauhadi rasayana''. Special benefits of this ''rasayana'' include increased physical strength, enhanced capacity of ''indriya'' (senses), body becomes capable of sustaining injuries and wounds heal quickly. This is because ''loha'' (iron) provides ''bala'' (strength) to ''rakta''. Also ''loha'' being dominated by ''Prithvi Mahabhuta'', provides strength to ''parthiva'' body constituents like ''asthi'' ( ~ osseous tissue) .

−

===== ''Medhya Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Medhya Rasayana'' ====

These four ''rasayana'' enhance intelligence. ''Yashtimadhu'' is ''sheeta'', pacifies ''vata-pitta'' and maintains normal ''kapha''. It controls ''rajoguna'' and increases ''sattva'', resulting in boosting intelligence. ''Yashtimadhu'' also nourishes ''dhatus'' and ultimately increases ''shukra'' and ''oja''. As explained by commentator Chakrapani, effects on ''indriya, mana'' and ''buddhi'' are mediated through ''oja''. ''Mandukaparni'' is ''sheeta'' and it specially pacifies ''pitta''. It also controls ''rajoguna'' and increases ''sattva''. ''Shankhapushpi'' is slightly ''ushna'', specially pacifies ''vata''. ''Shankhapushpi'' also controls ''rajoguna'' and increases ''sattva''. ''Shankhapushpi'' nourishes ''majja''. Whereas ''guduchi'' is also slightly ''ushna'', pacifies all three ''doshas'', controls tama and increases ''sattva''. Keeping in mind such peculiarities, specific ''rasayana'' is chosen for a specific person. Many researches have been conducted on these ''medhya rasayana''.<ref>Ray S, Ray A (2015) Medhya Rasayanas in Brain Function and Disease. Med chem 5:505-511. doi: 10.4172/2161-0444.1000309</ref>

−

===== ''Triphala Rasayana'' =====

+

==== ''Triphala Rasayana'' ====

''Triphala'' a combination of ''haritaki, amalaki'' and ''bibhitaka'' is one of the most important medicines in [[Ayurveda]]. Its an important ''rasayana'' also. ''Triphala'' mainly pacifies ''kapha'' and ''pitta''. By removing obstruction to its movements, it helps to maintain proper actions of ''vata''. It improves the functions of ''dhatvagni'' to digests ''ama'' and eliminates abnormally accumulated ''mala'' and ''doshas'', therefore makes the ''srotas'' clear and patent to enable nutrients to reach ''dhatus''. It also controls ''meda'' which helps to maintain balance in all the ''dhatus'', because abnormally increased ''meda'' blocks nutrition of other ''dhatus'' and produces imbalance.

−

===== ''Shilajatu'' =====

+

==== ''Shilajatu'' ====

Being ''katu-tikta'' and ''ushna'', ''shilajatu'' pacifies ''kapha''. It also helps in digestion of ''ama''. Therefore, removes obstruction and helps normal movements of ''vata''. It controls formation of ''meda''. Abnormal ''meda'' blocks nutrition of other ''dhatus''. ''Shilajatu'', by controlling formation of ''meda'', regulates genesis of all the ''dhatus''. In the conditions originating from ''ati santarpana'', i.e. when ''dhatus'' are provided excessive nourishment, but proper transformation of these nutrients in the ''dhatus'' is not done, ''shilajatu'' is very effective. But in the conditions due to ''ati apatarpana'' i.e. when proper nourishment is not available for the genesis of ''dhatus, shiljatu'' is not the ''rasayana'' of choice.

Line 3,362: Line 3,362:

The fourth quarter describes mainly two types of ''rasayana'' told by Indra and about ''soma'' as ''rasayana''.

−

==== ''Achara Rasayana'' (rasayana effects of good conduct) ====

+

=== ''Achara Rasayana'' (rasayana effects of good conduct) ===

Another important aspect of the fourth quarter is ''achara rasayana''. Good conduct like speaking truth, non violence, compassion etc. is considered very much important to obtain benefits of any ''rasayana'' described here.

−

==== ''Vaidya'' ====

+

=== ''Vaidya'' ===

For experts of [[Ayurveda]], the term ''vaidya'' is used, which means one having proper knowledge. A ''vaidya'' may be of any cast, race etc. by birth, it doesn’t matter. Because it is said, that when he completes his education in [[Ayurveda]], he is as if reborn. He is like guardian of life. Therefore, deserves respect from the society.

Line 3,372: Line 3,372:

A ''vaidya'' has to care for the patients as if they were his children or family members. A ''vaidya'', by practicing with compassion towards the ailing, earns much more than wealth. Therefore, a ''vaidya'' should not consider treatment as a business. This advice of [[Charak Samhita]] holds true even today. Those who serve patients with this attitude, get such benefits from the society, which no other profession can get, and unmatched as compared to wealth.

−

===Contemporary researches===

+

==Contemporary researches==

Clinical trials on Rasayana have shown that Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) and Pippali (Piper longum) are effective in the treatment of allergic disorders such as eczema, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, and bronchial asthma; autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or cancer or pulmonary tuberculosis. It provide better and faster relief, prevent recurrences and also improve quality of life.Furthermore, Medhya Rasayana drugs are found effective in stress-induced conditions such as anxiety and insomnia or neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and senile dementia. The findings of all these studies indicate that Rasayana has a definite role to play in the maintenance and preservation of health, and appropriate use of Rasayana can help to bring down the prevalence of many diseases, ultimately reducing health-care burden.<ref>Goyal M. Rasayana in perspective of the present scenario. AYU [serial online] 2018 [cited 2019 Feb 19];39:63-4. Available from: http://www.ayujournal.org/text.asp?2018/39/2/63/250779</ref>

−

=== Potential areas for future research ===

+

== Potential areas for future research ==

#''Rasayana Tantra'' is one of the Eight important branches of ''Astanga [[Ayurveda]]''. It deals with an important category of medicinal and non-medicinal rejuvenative remedies advocated for promotive and preventive health care including retarding aging and promoting longevity. These remedies are claimed to improve the quality of cells and tissues (even the genes) of the body through following mechanisms:

Line 3,387: Line 3,387:

#Attempt to develop a new discipline of [[Ayurveda]] geriatrics and immunology through the ''rasayana'' leads available in the ''rasayana'' chapter of [[Charak Samhita]].

−

=== Acknowledgement ===

+

== Acknowledgement ==

The English translation presented in this chapter has been abridged from English translation of Caraka Samhita by late Prof. Priyavrata Sharma.

−

=== List of researches ===

+

== List of researches ==

#Archana, R. and Namshivayam, A. Antistress effect of Withania somnifera Dunal, J.Ethnopharmacology. 64:91-93, 1999

Line 3,414: Line 3,414:

#Udupa, KN and Singh, RH. Science and philosophy of Indian medicine. Baidyanath [[Ayurveda]] bhawan Nagpur, India 1980

−

=== References ===

+

== References ==

<div id="BackToTop" class="noprint" style="background-color:#DDEFDD; position:fixed;

bottom:32px; left:2%; z-index:9999; padding:0; margin:0;"><span style="color:blue;

Agnivesha

Administrators, Editors, Bots, Bureaucrats, Charaksamhita, Moderators (CommentStreams), Interface administrators, Administrators

10,235

edits