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A person who has the knowledge of appropriate food articles and activities applicable to specific seasons and also the discipline and inclination to practice them (in accordance with those seasons) stays healthy. Whereas a person without knowledge (or with limited knowledge) of wholesome regimen for different seasons or without the discipline or temperament of following these seasonal practices is likely to suffer from various diseases. Seeking this objective, the chapter describes [[ahara]] (diet) and [[vihara]] (lifestyle) to be followed in different seasons. The way we eat, exercise, rest, sleep, think, plan, carry out our routine work, and behave with others - are collectively termed 'Lifestyle'.  In Indian subcontinent, there are six seasons in the year on the basis of the position of the Sun with respect to the Earth. The qualities of different seasons need to be understood in three aspects viz. [[masa]] (month), [[rashi]] (stellar constellations) and characteristic features pertaining to the season. While prescribing regimen for different seasons, importance should be given first to the appearance of characteristic features in the prevailing season, then to the [[rashi]] and finally to the [[masa]].   

A person who has the knowledge of appropriate food articles and activities applicable to specific seasons and also the discipline and inclination to practice them (in accordance with those seasons) stays healthy. Whereas a person without knowledge (or with limited knowledge) of wholesome regimen for different seasons or without the discipline or temperament of following these seasonal practices is likely to suffer from various diseases. Seeking this objective, the chapter describes [[ahara]] (diet) and [[vihara]] (lifestyle) to be followed in different seasons. The way we eat, exercise, rest, sleep, think, plan, carry out our routine work, and behave with others - are collectively termed 'Lifestyle'.  In Indian subcontinent, there are six seasons in the year on the basis of the position of the Sun with respect to the Earth. The qualities of different seasons need to be understood in three aspects viz. [[masa]] (month), [[rashi]] (stellar constellations) and characteristic features pertaining to the season. While prescribing regimen for different seasons, importance should be given first to the appearance of characteristic features in the prevailing season, then to the [[rashi]] and finally to the [[masa]].   

Health is a state of dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment[[Loka-Purusha Samya]]. The moment this equelibrium gets disturbed, [[dosha]] get imbalanced to cause diseases. The basic concept of prevention and cure of diseases is based on the [[tridosha]] (collective term for [[vata]], [[pitta]], and [[kapha]] [[dosha]]) theory. A particular rhythmic pattern of the three [[dosha]] i.e. accumulation [[sanchaya]], aggravation [[prakopa]] and alleviation ([[prashama]]) occur in relation to six seasons, when the Sun changes from one [[rashi]] to the other. Six different [[rasa]] present in our food have direct effect on three [[dosha]]. [[Ritusatmya]] (seasonal adaptation) is described under [[ritucharya]] (seasonal regimen), which is the variation in [[ahara]] and [[vihara]] to balance rhythmic seasonal variations of [[dosha]], [[bala]], [[agni]], and [[rasa]] etc. through the concept of [[samanya]] and [[vishesha]]. Knowledge and regular observance of suitable [[ritucharya]] ([[ahara]] and [[vihara]] for different seasons) is mainly for the maintenance of health and prevention of diseases. For diseased persons [[ritucharya]] need to be modified accordingly.  

Health is a state of dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment ([[Loka-Purusha Samya]]). The moment this equilibrium gets disturbed, [[dosha]] get imbalanced to cause diseases. The basic concept of prevention and cure of diseases is based on the [[tridosha]] (collective term for [[vata]], [[pitta]], and [[kapha]] [[dosha]]) theory. A particular rhythmic pattern of the three [[dosha]] i.e. accumulation ([[sanchaya]]), aggravation ([[prakopa]]) and alleviation ([[prashama]]) occur in relation to six seasons, when the Sun changes from one [[rashi]] to the other. Six different taste[[rasa]] present in our food have direct effect on three [[dosha]]. Seasonal adaptation ([[Ritusatmya]]) is described under seasonal regimen ([[ritucharya]]), which is the variation in diet ([[ahara]]) and lifestyle ([[vihara]]) to balance rhythmic seasonal variations of [[dosha]], [[bala]], [[agni]], and [[rasa]] etc. through the concept of [[samanya]] and [[vishesha]]. Knowledge and regular observance of suitable [[ritucharya]] ([[ahara]] and [[vihara]] for different seasons) is mainly for the maintenance of health and prevention of diseases. For diseased persons [[ritucharya]] need to be modified accordingly.  

[[Adana kala]] or [[uttarayana]] (northward movement of the Sun) includes [[shishira]] (late winter), [[vasanta]] (spring) and [[grishma]] (summer) seasons . [[visarga kala]] or [[dakshinayana]] (southward movement of the Sun) includes [[varsha]] (rainy), [[sharad]] (autumn) and [[hemanta]] (early winter) seasons. In these seasons,  there are specific changes in atmospheric conditions which influence changes in [[dosha]], [[bala]] (strength) and [[agni]] (digestive power). These atmospheric changes affect all living beings in the universe. Due to changes in the external environment, the [[tridosha]] pass through three different phases i.e. [[sanchaya]] (accumulation), [[prakopa]] (aggravation) and [[prashama]] (alleviation). The period of change in season is termed as [[ritusandhi]]. In this period, gradual decrease in diet and lifestyle of earlier season and gradual adaptation of the diet and lifestyle regimen of next season is advised to prevent the disorders due to change in season.  

Northward movement of the Sun ([[Adana kala]] or [[uttarayana]]) includes, late winter ([[shishira]]), spring ([[vasanta]]) and summer ([[grishma]]) seasons . Southward movement of the Sun ([[visarga kala]] or [[dakshinayana]]) includes rainy ([[varsha]]), autumn ([[sharad]]) and early winter ([[hemanta]]) seasons. In these seasons,  there are specific changes in atmospheric conditions which influence changes in [[dosha]], [[bala]] (strength) and [[agni]] (digestive power). These atmospheric changes affect all living beings in the universe. Due to changes in the external environment, the [[tridosha]] pass through three different phases i.e. [[sanchaya]] (accumulation), [[prakopa]] (aggravation) and [[prashama]] (alleviation). The period of change in season is termed as [[ritusandhi]]. In this period, gradual decrease in diet and lifestyle of earlier season and gradual adaptation of the diet and lifestyle regimen of next season is advised to prevent the disorders due to change in season.  

The concepts of [[satmya]] and [[okasatmya]] have been explained with respect to the adaptability. Any naturally suitable food or behavior beneficial to the self is considered as [[satmya]]. [[Okasatmya]] is anything unnatural, unacceptable and acquired habituation to food and lifestyle. Even though, it has become a habit, it should be stopped gradually.

The concepts of [[satmya]] and [[okasatmya]] have been explained with respect to the adaptability. Any naturally suitable food or behavior beneficial to the self is considered as [[satmya]]. [[Okasatmya]] is anything unnatural, unacceptable and acquired habituation to food and lifestyle. Even though, it has become a habit, it should be stopped gradually.

A person who knows the [[ritusatmya]] (seasonal adaptations), i.e., getting accustomed to suitable changes in diet and lifestyle according to seasons, and practices such habits accordingly, and whose diet consists of various types of food articles (with properties such as [[ashita]] ,[[khadita]], [[pita]] and [[lidha]]),  has his strength and lustre enhanced, and he leads a healthy, long life.[3]

A person who knows the [[ritusatmya]] (seasonal adaptations), i.e., getting accustomed to suitable changes in diet and lifestyle according to seasons, and practices such habits accordingly, and whose diet consists of various types of food articles (with properties such as [[ashita]] ,[[khadita]], [[pita]] and [[lidha]]),  has his strength and lustre enhanced, and he leads a healthy, long life.[3]

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=== Six seasons according to (the position of the) Sun ===

=== Six seasons according to (the position of the) Sun ===

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A year ([[samvatsara]]) is divided into six parts (by seasons). Among them, when the Sun is in a position of [[uttarayana]] (northward to the Earth), that part of the year is called [[adana kala]] and includes three [[ritu]] starting from [[shishira]] to [[grishma]] ([[shishira]], [[vasanta]] and [[grishma]]).  

A year ([[samvatsara]]) is divided into six parts by seasons. Among them, when the Sun is in northward position to the Earth, that part of the year is called [[adana kala]] and includes three [[ritu]] starting from [[shishira]], [[vasanta]] and [[grishma]].  

When the Sun is in a position of [[dakshinayana]] (southwards of the Earth), the period is called [[visarga kala]] and includes three [[ritu]] starting from [[varsha]] to [[hemanta]] ([[varsha]], [[sharad]] and [[hemanta]]). This segmentation of the year (by seasons) is for the purpose of [[swasthavritta]] (healthy regimen) in different seasons.[4]

When the Sun is in a position of southwards of the Earth, the period is called [[visarga kala]] and includes three [[ritu]] starting from [[varsha]], [[sharad]] and [[hemanta]]. This segmentation of the year (by seasons) is for the purpose of [[swasthavritta]] (healthy regimen) in different seasons.[4]

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In [[visarga kala]] (period of emission) the wind is not as dry as it is in [[adana kala]]. In this [[visarga kala]] the power of moon is dominant (as it is nearer to the earth), and it continuously replenishes/delights the world with its cooling rays. Hence, [[visarga kala]] is inherently [[saumya]] (soothing).

In [[visarga kala]] (period of emission) the wind is not as dry as it is in [[adana kala]]. In this [[visarga kala]] the power of moon is dominant (as it is nearer to the earth), and it continuously replenishes/delights the world with its cooling rays. Hence, [[visarga kala]] is inherently soothing ([[saumya]]).

Contrary to this, [[adana kala]] is inherently [[agneya]] (heating). The Sun, wind and the Moon all are governed by time, and the path they follow in a year is responsible for different variations of [[kala]] (time), [[ritu]] (seasons), [[rasa]] (tastes), [[dosha]] and [[deha]] [[bala]] (body strength).[5]

Contrary to this, [[adana kala]] is inherently hot ([[agneya]]). The Sun, wind and the Moon all are governed by time, and the path they follow in a year is responsible for different variations of [[kala]] (time), [[ritu]] (seasons), [[rasa]] (tastes), [[dosha]] and [[deha]] [[bala]] (body strength).[5]

==== Effect of [[adana kala]] ====

==== Effect of [[adana kala]] ====