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=== Location of ''gulma'' ===

=== Location of ''gulma'' ===

With respect to the ''adhishthana'' (location) of ''gulma'', five major sites have been mentioned<ref>CH. Chi. 5/8</ref>, including the ''hridaya, nabhi, basti,'' and ''parshwadwaya'' (flanks). In the context of this chapter, ''hridaya'' should be taken as the upper part of the abdominal cavity rather than the thoracic cage as described in [[Sharira Sthana]]. ''Vata gulma'' most commonly occurs in ''basti'', while ''pittagulma'' occurs most commonly in the ''nabhi'' region, and ''kaphagulma'' in the ''hridaya'' and ''parshwadwaya'' regions.<ref>Vagbhata Gulma Nidana</ref> The ''yakrita gulma'' occurs in the region of ''hridaya, ashtheela gulma'' in the region of ''kukshi'' (hypogastrium), ''pleeha gulma'' in the ''madhya'' (central) region, ''chandravivardhaka gulma'' in the region of ''basti'' , and ''granthi gulma'' afflicts the region of ''nabhi''.<ref>Harita samhita gulma nidana</ref>  

With respect to the ''adhishthana'' (location) of ''gulma'', five major sites have been mentioned [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 5/8], including the ''hridaya, nabhi, basti,'' and ''parshwadwaya'' (flanks). In the context of this chapter, ''hridaya'' should be taken as the upper part of the abdominal cavity rather than the thoracic cage as described in [[Sharira Sthana]]. ''Vata gulma'' most commonly occurs in ''basti'', while ''pittagulma'' occurs most commonly in the ''nabhi'' region, and ''kaphagulma'' in the ''hridaya'' and ''parshwadwaya'' regions.<ref>Ashtanga Hridaya Vagbhata Gulma Nidana </ref> The ''yakrita gulma'' occurs in the region of ''hridaya, ashtheela gulma'' in the region of ''kukshi'' (hypogastrium), ''pleeha gulma'' in the ''madhya'' (central) region, ''chandravivardhaka gulma'' in the region of ''basti'' , and ''granthi gulma'' afflicts the region of ''nabhi''.<ref> Harita, Harita samhita Gulma nidana</ref>  

The pathogenesis of ''pittaja'' and ''kaphaja gulma'' takes place in ''amashaya'' that lies in the region between ''hridaya'' and ''basti''.<ref>Chakrapani commentary on Charak gulma sites</ref>. Thus these two variants of ''gulma'' (i.e., ''pittaja'' and ''kaphaja'') cannot occur in ''basti''. The five sites of ''gulma'' can be mapped to the following anatomical sites of the abdomen:

The pathogenesis of ''pittaja'' and ''kaphaja gulma'' takes place in ''amashaya'' that lies in the region between ''hridaya'' and ''basti''.<ref>Chakrapani commentary on Charak Samhita Gulma Nidan</ref>. Thus these two variants of ''gulma'' (i.e., ''pittaja'' and ''kaphaja'') cannot occur in ''basti''. The five sites of ''gulma'' can be mapped to the following anatomical sites of the abdomen:

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