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Vidhishonitiya Adhyaya (view source)

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|title=Vidhishonitiya Adhyaya

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|keywords=Rakta, rakta visravana, sanyasa sangyavahi srotas, vegetative state, shonita, sadyaphala kriya, sangyaprabodhanam, pure blood, blood vitiating factors, coma, syncope, intoxication, drug addiction

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|description=Sutra Sthana Chapter 24. Characteristics of Shonita (Blood), its vitiation and disorders

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<big>'''Sutra Sthana Chapter 24. Characteristics of Shonita (Blood), its vitiation and disorders '''</big>

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===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===

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अथातो विधिशोणितीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः ||१||

इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||

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athātō vidhiśōṇitīyamadhyāyaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ ||1||

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iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||

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“Now I shall expound the chapter on properly formed blood”, said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

==== Formation of pure blood ====

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विधिना शोणितं जातं शुद्धं भवति देहिनाम्|

देशकालौकसात्म्यानां विधिर्यः सम्प्रकाशितः||३||

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vidhinā śōṇitaṁ jātaṁ śuddhaṁ bhavati dēhinām|

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deshakAlaukasAtmyAnAM vidhiryaH samprakAshitaH||3||

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Pure blood is formed in harmony with place, time, and adaptation, as said earlier. (C.Su.6) [3]

==== Effects of pure blood on body ====

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तद्विशुद्धं हि रुधिरं बलवर्णसुखायुषा|

युनक्ति प्राणिनं प्राणः शोणितं ह्यनुवर्तते||४||

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tadviśuddhaṁ hi rudhiraṁ balavarṇasukhāyuṣā|

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yunakti prANinaM prANaH shoNitaM hyanuvartate||4||

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That pure blood provides the individual with strength, complexion, happiness, and life. Because vitality of life depends on blood. [4]

==== Causes of blood vitiation ====

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प्रदुष्टबहुतीक्ष्णोष्णैर्मद्यैरन्यैश्च तद्विधैः|

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शरत्कालस्वभावाच्च शोणितं सम्प्रदुष्यति||१०||

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praduṣṭabahutīkṣṇōṣṇairmadyairanyaiśca tadvidhaiḥ|

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sharatkAlasvabhAvAcca shoNitaM sampraduShyati||10||

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By habitual intake of spoiled food and/or liquids, overeating, imbibing hard liquor and other similar drinks, too much salt, alkaline substances, sour and pungent food, ''kulatha'' (Dolichos biflorus Linn.), ''masha'' (Phaseolus mungo Linn.), ''nishpava'' (Dolichos lablab Linn.), ''tila taila'' (Sesamum indicum Linn. oils), ''pindalu'' (Randia uliginosa DC.), radish and all green (leafy) vegetables, meat of aquatic and marshy animals, burrowing animals and those that snatch birds, excessive intake of curd, sour whey (curd-water), vinegars and other sour fermented liquids, consuming decomposed, putrid food with opposite properties excessive sleeping during the day especially after taking liquids, unctuous and heavy food, excessive anger, excessive exposure to the sun and the wind, suppression of the natural urges like vomiting, avoidance of blood-letting in prescribed time (autumn), too much exertion, injury, heat, indigestion, taking meal during indigestion and in the autumn season naturally vitiates ''rakta'' (blood).[5-10]

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==== Diseases due to vitiation of blood ====

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ततः शोणितजा रोगाः प्रजायन्ते पृथग्विधाः|

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सम्यक् साध्या न सिध्यन्ति रक्तजांस्तान् विभावयेत्||१७||

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tataḥ śōṇitajā rōgāḥ prajāyantē pr̥thagvidhāḥ|

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samyak sAdhyA na sidhyanti raktajAMstAn vibhAvayet||17||

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The above mentioned dietary habits or lifestyle choices cause various diseases that should be considered blood disorders, such as stomatitis, redness in eyes, foul smell in nose and mouth, ''gulma'' (lump abdomen), ''upakusha'' (inflammation of gum leads to falling of teeth), erysipelas, bleeding disorder, sleepiness, abscess, hematuria, menorrhagia, ''vatarakta'', discoloration of skin, loss of digestive power, thirst, heaviness in body, pyrexia, extreme debility, anorexia, headache, burning sensation after meals, bitter and sour eructation, physical and mental exhaustion, excessive anger, state of confusion, saline taste in mouth, sweating, fetid odor in body, narcosis, tremors, decreased voice, drowsiness, excessive sleep and feeling of darkness, itching, pustules, patches, boils, leprosy, thick skin, etc. The diseases, which, in spite of being curable, are not alleviated after treatment with any of six therapies like cold-hot, unctuous-rough etc. should be considered as caused by (impure) blood. [11-17]

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==== Management of blood vitiation disorders ====

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कुर्याच्छोणितरोगेषु रक्तपित्तहरीं क्रियाम्|

विरेकमुपवासं च स्रावणं शोणितस्य च||१८||

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kuryācchōṇitarōgēṣu raktapittaharīṁ kriyām|

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virekamupavAsaM ca srAvaNaM shoNitasya ca||18||

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Treatment for blood disorder is as per ''raktapitta'' with therapeutic purgation, fasting and bloodletting. [18]

==== Extent of bloodletting ====

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बलदोषप्रमाणाद्वा विशुद्ध्या रुधिरस्य वा|

रुधिरं स्रावयेज्जन्तोराशयं प्रसमीक्ष्य वा||१९||

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baladōṣapramāṇādvā viśuddhyā rudhirasya vā|

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rudhiraM srAvayejjantorAshayaM prasamIkShya vA||19||

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Bloodletting should be done considering the strength of the person, ''dosha'',location of the disease, and until pure blood starts to flow out.[19]

==== ''Dosha''-specific features of vitiated blood ====

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अरुणाभं भवेद्वाताद्विशदं फेनिलं तनु|

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संसृष्टलिङ्गं संसर्गात्त्रिलिङ्गं ||२१||

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aruṇābhaṁ bhavēdvātādviśadaṁ phēnilaṁ tanu|

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saMsRuShTali~ggaM saMsargAttrili~ggaM sAnnipAtikam||21||

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Due to vitiated ''vata,'' blood becomes arunabham (reddish), non-slimy, frothy and thin. Due to vitiated ''pitta'', it becomes yellow or blackish, with delayed coagulation because of heat. Due to vitiated ''kapha'' it is slightly pale, slimy, fibrous and more viscous. In the case of combination of vitiated ''doshas'', it acquires mixed characters and in ''sannipata'', has symptoms of all the three ''doshas''.[20-21]

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==== Characteristics of pure blood ====

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तपनीयेन्द्रगोपाभं पद्मालक्तकसन्निभम्|

गुञ्जाफलसवर्णं च विशुद्धं विद्धि शोणितम्||२२||

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tapanīyēndragōpābhaṁ padmālaktakasannibham|

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gu~jjAphalasavarNaM ca vishuddhaM viddhi shoNitam||22||

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Blood should be regarded as pure when its color resembles red-gold, firefly, red lotus, ''laksha'' (lac-resinous material) and ''gunja'' fruit (Abrus precatorius Linn.).[22]

==== Diet after bloodletting ====

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नात्युष्णशीतं लघु दीपनीयं रक्तेऽपनीते हितमन्नपानम्|

तदा शरीरं ह्यनवस्थितासृगग्निर्विशेषेण च रक्षितव्यः||२३||

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nātyuṣṇaśītaṁ laghu dīpanīyaṁ raktē'panītē hitamannapānam|

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tadA sharIraM hyanavasthitAsRugagnirvisheSheNa ca rakShitavyaH||23||

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After bloodletting, it is beneficial to take diet that is neither too hot nor cold, is light (to digest), and is appetizing. During this period, the body is vulnerable to relapse of various other forms of blood-related diseases, so the ''agni'' (digestive power) should be protected with care. [23]

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==== Characteristics of a person with pure blood ====

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प्रसन्नवर्णेन्द्रियमिन्द्रियार्थानिच्छन्तमव्याहतपक्तृवेगम्|

सुखान्वितं तु(पु)ष्टिबलोपपन्नं विशुद्धरक्तं पुरुषं वदन्ति||२४||

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prasannavarṇēndriyamindriyārthānicchantamavyāhatapaktr̥vēgam|

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sukhAnvitaM tu(pu)ShTibalopapannaM vishuddharaktaM puruShaM vadanti||24||

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A person should be considered as having pure blood if he has glowing complexion, well-functioning sense organs, and is cheerful. A person with unvitiated blood has normal digestion and unobstructed natural urges, is happy and is endowed with saturation and strength. [24]

==== Causative factors and pathogenesis of ''mada'' (intoxication), ''murchcha'' (syncope) and ''sanyasa''(coma) ====

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यदा तु रक्तवाहीनि रससञ्ज्ञावहानि च|

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सञ्ज्ञां नयत्याकुलतां विशेषश्चात्र वक्ष्यते||२९||

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yadā tu raktavāhīni rasasañjñāvahāni ca|

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sa~jj~jAM nayatyAkulatAM visheShashcAtra vakShyate||29||

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When a person indulges in spoiled food and unhealthy habits, he develops a clouded sensorium with ''rajas'' and ''tamas'' qualities. The vitiated ''doshas'', singly or in combination, reside and obstruct the channels that carry ''rakta, rasa'' (plasma), and consciousness. This leads to various diseases such as ''mada'' (intoxication), ''murchcha'' (syncope), and ''sanyasa'' (coma) which are etiologically, symptomatically and therapeutically progressive. Vitiated ''doshas'' distress the mind and alter the sensorium leading to further impairment of consciousness. [25-29]

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==== ''Dosha'' specific features of ''mada'' (intoxication) ====

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सक्तानल्पद्रुताभाषं चलस्खलितचेष्टितम्|

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सर्वाण्येतानि रूपाणि सन्निपातकृते मदे|३३|

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saktānalpadrutābhāṣaṁ calaskhalitacēṣṭitam |

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sarvANyetAni rUpANi sannipAtakRute made|33|

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The person should be diagnosed as suffering from ''vatika mada'', if his speech is excessive and fast, movement is unstable, and face is rough, reddish or blackish. A person with angry and harsh tongue, quarrelsome, tends to be physical with a red, yellow and black face should be known to be suffering from ''paittika mada''. The one affected with ''kaphaja mada'' speaks less with incoherence, seems drowsy and lethargic, is pale and is continuously in a state of anxiety. In ''sannipataja mada'', all these features are found in combination. [30-33]

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जायते शाम्यति क्षिप्रं मदो मद्यमदाकृतिः||३३||

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jāyatē śāmyati kṣipraṁ madō madyamadākr̥tiḥ||33||

jAyate shAmyati kShipraM mado madyamadAkRutiH||33||

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''

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Sannipataja mada'' (a type of narcosis) arises and subsides quickly like alcoholic narcosis. [33]

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''Sannipataja mada'' (a type of narcosis) arises and subsides quickly like alcoholic narcosis. [33]

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यश्च मद्यकृतः प्रोक्तो विषजो रौधिरश्च यः|

सर्व एते मदा नर्ते वातपित्तकफत्रयात्||३४||

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yaśca madyakr̥taḥ prōktō viṣajō raudhiraśca yaḥ|

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sarva ete madA narte vAtapittakaphatrayAt||34||

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All types of narcosis are caused by alcoholic drinks, poisons or by vitiation of blood. It can be concluded that all types of narcosis are caused by nothing but the vitiation of the three ''doshas'' viz. ''vata, pitta'' and ''kapha''. [34]

==== Specific features of ''dosha'' dominant ''murchcha'' (syncope) ====

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नीलं वा यदि वा कृष्णमाकाशमथवाऽरुणम्|

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स जन्तुं पातयत्याशु विना बीभत्सचेष्टितैः||४१||

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nīlaṁ vā yadi vā kr̥ṣṇamākāśamathavā'ruṇam|

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sa jantuM pAtayatyAshu vinA bIbhatsaceShTitaiH||41||

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In ''vatika murchcha'', the patient becomes unconscious after seeing the sky as blue, black or reddish and regains consciousness quickly. Other symptoms include trembling, body-ache, excessive pain in the cardiac region, emaciation, and blackish and reddish luster.

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==== Sanyasa (coma) ====

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दोषेषु मदमूर्च्छायाः कृतवेगेषु देहिनाम्|

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तस्य संरक्षितव्यं हि मनः प्रलयहेतुतः||५३||

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dōṣēṣu madamūrcchāyāḥ kr̥tavēgēṣu dēhinām|

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tasya saMrakShitavyaM hi manaH pralayahetutaH||53||

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''Mada'' and ''murchcha'' subside on their own when the vitiated ''doshas'' subside. However, ''sanyasa'' (coma) does not subside without medical treatment. In weak patients, when vitiated ''doshas'' move into a vital organ (i.e. brain and heart) and start affecting speech, physical movement, and the mind, coma ensues. A person affected with coma appears to be in a vegetative state or seems dead. Death can occur if prompt and effective treatment is not given. The physician should manage a comatose patient just as a wise person recovers a utensil sinking in deep water quickly before it settles down in the bottom.

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==== Various treatments of ''mada'' and ''murchcha'' ====

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स्नेहस्वेदोपपन्नानां यथादोषं यथाबलम्|

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सेवनान्मदमूर्च्छायाः प्रशाम्यन्ति शरीरिणाम्||५८||

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snēhasvēdōpapannānāṁ yathādōṣaṁ yathābalam|

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sevanAnmadamUrcchAyAH prashAmyanti sharIriNAm||58||

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In the cases of ''mada'' and ''murchcha'', patients should be subjected to five (evacuative) measures, after proper oleation and fomentation, according to the ''dosha'' and strength of the person and the disease. Likewise, the administration of ''paniya-kalyana ghrita'', ''tiktashatpala ghrita'' or ''mahatikta ghrita'' is recommended. The use of ''triphala'' with ''ghrita'', honey and sugar, ''shilajatu,'' milk, ''pippali'' (Piper longum) or ''chitraka'' (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.) with milk, ''rasayana,'' and ''kaumbha'' (ten year old) ''ghrita'' are also beneficial.

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==== Summary ====

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तत्र श्लोकौ-

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विधिशोणितकेऽध्याये सर्वमेतत् प्रकाशितम्||६०||

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tatra ślōkau-

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vidhishoNitake~adhyAye sarvametat prakAshitam||60||

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Now the (summing up) verses-

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