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=== Introduction ===

=== Introduction ===

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In the series of chapters described for management principles, the present chapter describes two most commonly observed conditions in society viz. ''santarpana'' (over-nutrition) and ''apatarpana'' (undernutrition). It is sequenced after ''langhana'' and ''brimhana'' therapies. The present chapter enlists causes, diseases due to overnutrition and undernutrition and their management through diet and medicaments. It is a blend of nutraceutical food supplements with medicaments. Complications arising due to sedentary lifestyle and over-nutritive diet are also enlisted in the chapter with diseases caused due to undernutrition/ malnourishment and their management with simple dietary preparations. The pharmacological effect of herbs used in management are elaborated in details as well.  

In the series of chapters described for management principles, the present chapter describes two most commonly observed conditions in society viz. ''santarpana'' (over-nutrition) and ''apatarpana'' (undernutrition). It is sequenced after ''langhana'' and ''brimhana'' therapies. The present chapter enlists causes and diseases due to over-nutrition and under-nutrition and their management through diet and medicaments. It is a blend of nutraceutical food supplements with medicaments. Complications arising due to sedentary lifestyle and over-nutritive diet are also enlisted in the chapter with diseases caused due to undernutrition/ malnourishment and their management with simple dietary preparations. The pharmacological effect of herbs used in management are elaborated in detail as well.  

''Santarpana'' (overnutrition) leads to vitiation of ''kapha dosha, meda dhatu'' and various obstructive pathologies, whereas ''apatarpana'' (undernutrition) leads to ''vata-pitta dosha'' vitiation and various degenerative pathologies. This concept has been emphasized in this chapter.

''Santarpana'' (overnutrition) leads to vitiation of ''kapha dosha and meda dhatu'' and various obstructive pathologies, whereas ''apatarpana'' (undernutrition) leads to ''vata-pitta dosha'' vitiation and various degenerative pathologies. This concept has been emphasized in this chapter.

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===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===

===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation===

Diseases caused due to overnutrition and undernutrition, along with their treatment, have been described in this chapter. [40]

Diseases caused due to overnutrition and undernutrition, along with their treatment, have been described in this chapter. [40]

=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===

=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' / Fundamental Principles ===

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Anabolic processes are triggered in a body when there is an intake of calorie rich and excessive food and nutrition but little or no physical exercise, resulting in increased body tissues. This also contributes to causing diseases such as metabolic syndrome. These conditions are managed by purification therapies leading to reduction (''langhana''), and prescribing a regimen of physical exercise, appropriate dietary changes, fomentation and reducing drugs.  

1. Intake of calorie rich and excessive food and nutrition with little or no physical exercise, results in increased body tissues. This contributes to causing diseases such as metabolic syndrome. These conditions are managed by purification therapies leading to reduction (''langhana''), and prescribing a regimen of physical exercise, appropriate dietary changes, fomentation and reducing drugs.  

A person engaging in physical and/or mental activities but not taking in adequate nutrition would see catabolic processes triggered in the body resulting in decreased body tissues and, consequently, nutritional deficiency diseases like wasting and psychosis. Any treatment would involve prescription of a high calorie but less filling diet, rest, medicated oil enema and massage. In cases of acute weight loss, nutrition should be given immediately while in the case of chronic loss, the process should be gradual but prolonged.

2. Excessive physical and/or mental activities without adequate nutrition causes nutritional deficiency diseases like wasting and psychosis. Treatment is high calorie but less filling diet, rest, medicated oil enema and massage. In cases of acute weight loss, nutrition should be given immediately while in the case of chronic loss, the process should be gradual but prolonged.

   

   

=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha''===

=== ''Vidhi Vimarsha'' / Applied Inferences===

The word ''santarpana'' means the act of satiating, restoration or refreshing. In this context, the term is used for overeating or overnutrition. Dietary items that are ''prithvi'' and ''apa mahabhuta'' dominant lead to ''santarpana''. Quality, quantity, and age of certain food items can cause alteration in the digestability of the food. For example, aged food grains are light to digest than new food grains. Therefore, the new food grains tend to increase weight, and same quantity of aged food grains do not increase weight. What changes occur in aging of the grains and their mechanism of action needs to be studied.  

The word ''santarpana'' means the act of satiating, restoration or refreshing. In this context, the term is used for overeating or overnutrition. Dietary items that are ''prithvi'' and ''apa mahabhuta'' dominant lead to ''santarpana''. Quality, quantity, and age of certain food items can cause alteration in the digestabilibty of the food. For example, aged food grains are light to digest than new food grains. Therefore, the new food grains tend to increase weight, and same quantity of aged food grains do not increase weight. What changes occur in aging of the grains and their mechanism of action needs to be studied.  

==== I. Properties of ''Santarpanakarak'' food articles ====

==== I. Properties of ''Santarpanakarak'' food articles ====