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==What is smruti?==
==What is smruti?==
===Superpower of knowledge:===
अथाग्निवेशप्रमुखान् विविशुर्ज्ञानदेवताः|
अथाग्निवेशप्रमुखान् विविशुर्ज्ञानदेवताः|
Smruti is enlisted among one of the eight superpowers of knowledge that are required for learning Ayurveda. (Cha.Su.1/39)
Smruti is enlisted among one of the eight superpowers of knowledge that are required for learning Ayurveda. (Cha.Su.1/39)
===One among the treatment measure of mental disorders:===
प्रशाम्यत्यौषधैः पूर्वो दैवयुक्तिव्यपाश्रयैः|
प्रशाम्यत्यौषधैः पूर्वो दैवयुक्तिव्यपाश्रयैः|
It is one of the treatment measures of mental disorders. It is defined as remembering the objective experiential knowledge.(Cha.Su.1/58)
It is one of the treatment measures of mental disorders. It is defined as remembering the objective experiential knowledge.(Cha.Su.1/58)
===One of the special attribute of Vaidya:===
स्मृतिमान् हेतुयुक्तिज्ञो जितात्मा प्रतिपत्तिमान्|
स्मृतिमान् हेतुयुक्तिज्ञो जितात्मा प्रतिपत्तिमान्|
The Vaidya shall possess good smruti i.e. memory in order to perform good clinical practices. (Cha.Su.2/36)
The Vaidya shall possess good smruti i.e. memory in order to perform good clinical practices. (Cha.Su.2/36)
विद्या वितर्को विज्ञानं स्मृतिस्तत्परता क्रिया|
यस्यैते षड्गुणास्तस्य न साध्यमतिवर्तते||२१||
Good memory is one of the six attributes of a successful practitioner along with skill, inference, scientific knowledge, promptness in action and perseverance in practice. (Cha.Su.9/21)
कुशलाश्च स्मृतिमतिशास्त्रयुक्तिज्ञानस्यात्मनः |
Good memory with scientific knowledge is quality of a life saving physician.(Cha.Su.29/7)
===A preventive measure of exogenous diseases:===
त्यागः प्रज्ञापराधानामिन्द्रियोपशमः स्मृतिः|
त्यागः प्रज्ञापराधानामिन्द्रियोपशमः स्मृतिः|
The person shall always remember the ultimate truth about death of dear ones like son, daughter etc., so as to prevent exogenous diseases arising due to grief or bereavement as it occurs. (Cha.Su.7/53/54)
The person shall always remember the ultimate truth about death of dear ones like son, daughter etc., so as to prevent exogenous diseases arising due to grief or bereavement as it occurs. (Cha.Su.7/53/54)
===One of the observable measure for mental health:===
पापवृत्तवचःसत्त्वाः सूचकाः कलहप्रियाः|
पापवृत्तवचःसत्त्वाः सूचकाः कलहप्रियाः|
मर्मोपहासिनो लुब्धाः परवृद्धिद्विषः शठाः||५६||
मर्मोपहासिनो लुब्धाः परवृद्धिद्विषः शठाः||५६||
परापवादरतयश्चपला [१] रिपुसेविनः|
परापवादरतयश्चपला रिपुसेविनः|
निर्घृणास्त्यक्तधर्माणः परिवर्ज्या नराधमाः||५७||
निर्घृणास्त्यक्तधर्माणः परिवर्ज्या नराधमाः||५७||
बुद्धिविद्यावयःशीलधैर्यस्मृतिसमाधिभिः|
बुद्धिविद्यावयःशीलधैर्यस्मृतिसमाधिभिः|
One shall always follow and remember good experiential knowledge for preserving mental health. (Cha.Su.7/58)
One shall always follow and remember good experiential knowledge for preserving mental health. (Cha.Su.7/58)
===One of the measure for health in this life and after life:===
तत्रेन्द्रियाणां समनस्कानामनुपतप्तानामनुपतापाय प्रकृतिभावे प्रयतितव्यमेभिर्हेतुभिः; तद्यथा- सात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगेन बुद्ध्या सम्यगवेक्ष्यावेक्ष्य कर्मणां सम्यक् प्रतिपादनेन, देशकालात्मगुणविपरीतोपासनेन चेति| तस्मादात्महितं चिकीर्षता सर्वेण सर्वं सर्वदा स्मृतिमास्थाय सद्वृत्तमनुष्ठेयम्||१७||
तत्रेन्द्रियाणां समनस्कानामनुपतप्तानामनुपतापाय प्रकृतिभावे प्रयतितव्यमेभिर्हेतुभिः; तद्यथा- सात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगेन बुद्ध्या सम्यगवेक्ष्यावेक्ष्य कर्मणां सम्यक् प्रतिपादनेन, देशकालात्मगुणविपरीतोपासनेन चेति| तस्मादात्महितं चिकीर्षता सर्वेण सर्वं सर्वदा स्मृतिमास्थाय सद्वृत्तमनुष्ठेयम्||१७||
The persons shall always remember the suitable and unsuitable things for himself based upon his habitat, season and basic constitution. He shall follow the opposite measures of these three parameters for sustaining equilibrium. One shall always remember and observe Sadvritta for better health in this life and after life. (Cha.Su.8/17)
The persons shall always remember the suitable and unsuitable things for himself based upon his habitat, season and basic constitution. He shall follow the opposite measures of these three parameters for sustaining equilibrium. One shall always remember and observe Sadvritta for better health in this life and after life. (Cha.Su.8/17)
===One of the attribute of good patient:===
स्मृतिर्निर्देशकारित्वमभीरुत्वमथापि च|
स्मृतिर्निर्देशकारित्वमभीरुत्वमथापि च|
In some cases of mental disorders, like insanity,anxiety,hypochindirasis,memorizing episodes of disease lead to aggravation. Hence memory of the person shall be treated correctly by psycho-therapy. (Cha.Su.9/9)
In some cases of mental disorders, like insanity,anxiety,hypochindirasis,memorizing episodes of disease lead to aggravation. Hence memory of the person shall be treated correctly by psycho-therapy. (Cha.Su.9/9)
===One important attribute of examiner:===
हितमेवानुरुध्यन्ते प्रपरीक्ष्य परीक्षकाः|
हितमेवानुरुध्यन्ते प्रपरीक्ष्य परीक्षकाः|
The examiner shall possess good memory of scientific knowledge in order to examine, validate and authenticate observations. (Cha.Su.28/37)
The examiner shall possess good memory of scientific knowledge in order to examine, validate and authenticate observations. (Cha.Su.28/37)
===Important quality of Apta (authorities) to consider as proof:===
आप्ता ह्यवितर्कस्मृतिविभागविदो निष्प्रीत्युपतापदर्शिनश्च|
आप्ता ह्यवितर्कस्मृतिविभागविदो निष्प्रीत्युपतापदर्शिनश्च|
The experiential knowledge of science and statistics in memory is considered as authentic proof given by Apta(authority).(Cha.Vi.4/4)
The experiential knowledge of science and statistics in memory is considered as authentic proof given by Apta(authority).(Cha.Vi.4/4)
===Important quality of a disciple:===
धृतिमन्तमनहङ्कृतं मेधाविनं वितर्कस्मृतिसम्पन्नमुदारसत्त्वं |
धृतिमन्तमनहङ्कृतं मेधाविनं वितर्कस्मृतिसम्पन्नमुदारसत्त्वं |
Good memory is important quality of a disciple. This quality is assessed by a teacher while examining the student.(Cha.Vi.8/8 and 13)
Good memory is important quality of a disciple. This quality is assessed by a teacher while examining the student.(Cha.Vi.8/8 and 13)
===Characteristic sign of Sattva Sara (purity of mind):===
स्मृतिमन्तो भक्तिमन्तः कृतज्ञाः प्राज्ञाः शुचयो महोत्साहा दक्षा धीराः समरविक्रान्तयोधिनस्त्यक्तविषादाः सुव्यवस्थितगतिगम्भीरबुद्धिचेष्टाः कल्याणाभिनिवेशिनश्च सत्त्वसाराः|
स्मृतिमन्तो भक्तिमन्तः कृतज्ञाः प्राज्ञाः शुचयो महोत्साहा दक्षा धीराः समरविक्रान्तयोधिनस्त्यक्तविषादाः सुव्यवस्थितगतिगम्भीरबुद्धिचेष्टाः कल्याणाभिनिवेशिनश्च सत्त्वसाराः|
Smrutimanta i.e. a person with good memory is first and foremost sign of a person with utmost purity of mind. This is also one of the sign of great mental strength and objective to attain while treating mental disorders. (Cha.Vi.8/110)
Smrutimanta i.e. a person with good memory is first and foremost sign of a person with utmost purity of mind. This is also one of the sign of great mental strength and objective to attain while treating mental disorders. (Cha.Vi.8/110)
=== One of the essential feature for good quality of life:===
तत्रायुरुक्तं स्वलक्षणतो यथावदिहैव पूर्वाध्याये च|
तत्र [१] शारीरमानसाभ्यां रोगाभ्यामनभिद्रुतस्य विशेषेण यौवनवतः समर्थानुगतबलवीर्ययशःपौरुषपराक्रमस्य ज्ञानविज्ञानेन्द्रियेन्द्रियार्थबलसमुदये वर्तमानस्य परमर्द्धिरुचिरविविधोपभोगस्य समृद्धसर्वारम्भस्य यथेष्टविचारिणः सुखमायुरुच्यते; असुखमतो विपर्ययेण; हितैषिणः पुनर्भूतानां परस्वादुपरतस्य सत्यवादिनः शमपरस्य [२] परीक्ष्यकारिणोऽप्रमत्तस्य त्रिवर्गं परस्परेणानुपहतमुपसेवमानस्य पूजार्हसम्पूजकस्य ज्ञानविज्ञानोपशमशीलस्य वृद्धोपसेविनः सुनियतरागरोषेर्ष्यामदमानवेगस्य सततं विविधप्रदानपरस्य तपोज्ञानप्रशमनित्यस्याध्यात्मविदस्तत्परस्य लोकमिमं चामुं चावेक्षमाणस्य [[स्मृति]]मतिमतो हितमायुरुच्यते; अहितमतो विपर्ययेण||२४||
Good memory is essential for good quality of life. (Cha.Su.30/24)
== Origin of Smruti and its functioning ==
== Origin of Smruti and its functioning ==
===Smruti of previous life (after rebirth) due to soul:===
अहङ्कारः फलं कर्म देहान्तरगतिः स्मृतिः|
अहङ्कारः फलं कर्म देहान्तरगतिः स्मृतिः|
In living beings, the soul is responsible for ego, enjoyment of the result of deeds, engagement in deeds, transmigration from one body to another body, and keeping the memory of previous life (after rebirth). (Cha.Sha.1/52)
In living beings, the soul is responsible for ego, enjoyment of the result of deeds, engagement in deeds, transmigration from one body to another body, and keeping the memory of previous life (after rebirth). (Cha.Sha.1/52)
===Smruti is related with soul:===
इच्छा द्वेषः सुखं दुःखं प्रयत्नश्चेतना धृतिः|
इच्छा द्वेषः सुखं दुःखं प्रयत्नश्चेतना धृतिः|
Smruti (memory) is a sign of consciousness or living being as it is a power of soul. The memory with soul is in dormant state and needs to be revealed after practice of meditation. The other type of memory includes experiential knowledge which comes after life experiences. It is possible that with extreme practice of meditation, the memory of soul gets connected with experiential memory and the person can remember knowledge of previous life(after rebirth).(Cha.Sha.1/72)
Smruti (memory) is a sign of consciousness or living being as it is a power of soul. The memory with soul is in dormant state and needs to be revealed after practice of meditation. The other type of memory includes experiential knowledge which comes after life experiences. It is possible that with extreme practice of meditation, the memory of soul gets connected with experiential memory and the person can remember knowledge of previous life(after rebirth).(Cha.Sha.1/72)
===Smruti as a tool to know origin===
रूपस्य सत्त्वस्य च सन्ततिर्या नोक्तस्तदादिर्नहि सोऽस्ति कश्चित्| तयोरवृत्तिः क्रियते पराभ्यां धृतिस्मृतिभ्यां परया धिया च||४२||
The origin of manifestation of life and mind is not told and for sure there is no such beginning. Their absence can be brought out only by excellent restraint, memory and knowledge. (Cha.Sha.2/42)
===Smruti is one of the attainment and super power of Yogi:===
आवेशश्चेतसो ज्ञानमर्थानां छन्दतः क्रिया|
आवेशश्चेतसो ज्ञानमर्थानां छन्दतः क्रिया|
==what are the factors affecting it?==
==what are the factors affecting it?==
===Day time sleep and sleep patterns===
स्मृतिबुद्धिप्रमोहश्च संरोधः स्रोतसां ज्वरः|
स्मृतिबुद्धिप्रमोहश्च संरोधः स्रोतसां ज्वरः|
Day time sleep or sleeping at improper time can affect memory and intellectual functions by creating obstruction. (Cha.Su.21/48)
Day time sleep or sleeping at improper time can affect memory and intellectual functions by creating obstruction. (Cha.Su.21/48)
===Alcohol can destroy memory and other intellectual functions:===
मद्याक्षेपो धीधृतिस्मृतिहराणां |
मद्याक्षेपो धीधृतिस्मृतिहराणां |
The episode of acute alcoholism can affect the intellectual functions of grasping, restraining and memory. (Cha.Su.25/40)
The episode of acute alcoholism can affect the intellectual functions of grasping, restraining and memory. (Cha.Su.25/40)
===Smruti vibhramsha is cause of all miseries:===
धीधृतिस्मृतिविभ्रंशः सम्प्राप्तिः कालकर्मणाम्|
धीधृतिस्मृतिविभ्रंशः सम्प्राप्तिः कालकर्मणाम्|
The impairment of memory leads to various intellectual errors called pradnyaparadha resulting in vitiation of all dosha. (Cha.Sha.1/102)
The impairment of memory leads to various intellectual errors called pradnyaparadha resulting in vitiation of all dosha. (Cha.Sha.1/102)
===Disorder of Smruti is important cardinal sign of psychiatric disorders:===
====Smruti vibhrama in Unmada(insanity):====
उन्मादं पुनर्मनोबुद्धिसञ्ज्ञाज्ञानस्मृतिभक्तिशीलचेष्टाचारविभ्रमं [१] विद्यात्||५||
उन्मादं पुनर्मनोबुद्धिसञ्ज्ञाज्ञानस्मृतिभक्तिशीलचेष्टाचारविभ्रमं [१] विद्यात्||५||
The perversion of memory is cardinal sign of Unmada. It is reflected as complete or partial loss of memory. (Cha.Ni.7/5)
The perversion of memory is cardinal sign of Unmada. It is reflected as complete or partial loss of memory. (Cha.Ni.7/5)
====Smruti samplav (abnormality) in Apasmara(epilepsy):====
अपस्मारं पुनः स्मृतिबुद्धिसत्त्वसम्प्लवाद्बीभत्सचेष्टमावस्थिकं तमः प्रवेशमाचक्षते||५||
अपस्मारं पुनः स्मृतिबुद्धिसत्त्वसम्प्लवाद्बीभत्सचेष्टमावस्थिकं तमः प्रवेशमाचक्षते||५||
==Can it be increased?==
==Can it be increased?==
===Ghee possess memory improving potential:===
दीप्त्योजःस्मृतिमेधाग्निबुद्धीन्द्रियबलार्थिनः|
दीप्त्योजःस्मृतिमेधाग्निबुद्धीन्द्रियबलार्थिनः|
The cow's ghee possess the properties to increase memory. (Cha.Su.27/231)
The cow's ghee possess the properties to increase memory. (Cha.Su.27/231)
===Apatarpana (fasting) can improve memory:===
नराणां दीप्यते चाग्निः स्मृतिर्बुद्धिश्च वर्धते||२४||
नराणां दीप्यते चाग्निः स्मृतिर्बुद्धिश्च वर्धते||२४||
The diet leading to apatarpana (emaciation) can improve memory. Fasting can improve memory. (Cha.Su.23/24)
The diet leading to apatarpana (emaciation) can improve memory. Fasting can improve memory. (Cha.Su.23/24)
===Effect of flesh of tortoise:===
मेधास्मृतिकरः पथ्यः शोषघ्नः कूर्म उच्यते|
मेधास्मृतिकरः पथ्यः शोषघ्नः कूर्म उच्यते|
The flesh of tortoise and turtle can generate memory.(Cha.Su.27/84)
The flesh of tortoise and turtle can generate memory.(Cha.Su.27/84)
===Non-pharmacological measures to improve smruti:===
सतामुपासनं सम्यगसतां परिवर्जनम्|
सतामुपासनं सम्यगसतां परिवर्जनम्|
आयुर्वेददीपिका व्याख्या (चक्रपाणिदत्त कृत):अथ स्मृतिः कथं दुःखप्रमोषे कारणमित्याह- स्मृत्वेत्यादि| स्वभावमिति प्रत्यात्मनियतरूपम्| गुरुवचनाद्धि प्रथमप्रतिपन्नमात्मादीनां रूपं परस्परभिन्नं परस्परानुपकारकत्वेन व्यवस्थितं स्मरन् न क्वचिदपि प्रवर्तते, अप्रवर्तमानश्च न दुःखेन प्रवृत्तिजन्येन युज्यत इत्यर्थः||१४७||
आयुर्वेददीपिका व्याख्या (चक्रपाणिदत्त कृत):अथ स्मृतिः कथं दुःखप्रमोषे कारणमित्याह- स्मृत्वेत्यादि| स्वभावमिति प्रत्यात्मनियतरूपम्| गुरुवचनाद्धि प्रथमप्रतिपन्नमात्मादीनां रूपं परस्परभिन्नं परस्परानुपकारकत्वेन व्यवस्थितं स्मरन् न क्वचिदपि प्रवर्तते, अप्रवर्तमानश्च न दुःखेन प्रवृत्तिजन्येन युज्यत इत्यर्थः||१४७||
The following serve as means to the attainment of moksha.
The following serve as means to the attainment of moksha.
#Review of spiritual facts.
#Review of spiritual facts.
All this can be attained by virtue of the constant remembering of the fact that the soul is different from the body, mind and senses. The latter has nothing to do with the former. [143-146]
All this can be attained by virtue of the constant remembering of the fact that the soul is different from the body, mind and senses. The latter has nothing to do with the former. [143-146]
===Eight factors to retrieve memory===
वक्ष्यन्ते कारणान्यष्टौ स्मृतिर्यैरुपजायते|
निमित्तरूपग्रहणात् सादृश्यात् सविपर्ययात्||१४८||
सत्त्वानुबन्धादभ्यासाज्ज्ञानयोगात् पुनः श्रुतात्|
दृष्टश्रुतानुभूतानां स्मारणात् स्मृतिरुच्यते||१४९||
आयुर्वेददीपिका व्याख्या (चक्रपाणिदत्त कृत): इदानीं स्मृतिप्रस्तावात् स्मृतिकारणान्याह- वक्ष्यन्त इत्यादि| निमित्तग्रहणं कारणज्ञानं, कारणं हि दृष्ट्वा कार्यं स्मरति| रूपग्रहणम् आकारग्रहणम् | यथा- वने गवयं दृष्ट्वा गां स्मरति| सादृश्याद् यथा- पितुः सदृशं पुरुषं दृष्ट्वा पितरं स्मरति| सविपर्ययादिति अत्यर्थवैसादृश्यादपि स्मरणं भवति; यथा- अत्यर्थकुरूपं दृष्ट्वा प्रतियोगिनमत्यर्थसुरूपं स्मरति| सत्त्वानुबन्धादिति मनसः प्रणिधानात्, स्मर्तव्यस्मरणाय प्रणिहितमनाः स्मर्तव्यं स्मरति| अभ्यासादिति अभ्यस्तमर्थमभ्यासबलादेव स्मरति| ज्ञानयोगादिति तत्त्वज्ञानयोगात्; उपजाततत्त्वज्ञानो हि तद्बलादेव सर्वं स्मरति| पुनः श्रुतादिति श्रुतोऽप्यर्थो विस्मृतः पुनरेकदेशं श्रुत्वा स्मर्यते| स्मृतिकारणमभिधाय स्मृतिरूपमाह- दृष्टेत्यादि|- दृष्टं प्रत्यक्षोपलक्षणं, श्रुतं त्वागमप्रतीतं , तेन सर्वपूर्वानुभूतावरोधः| क्वचित्, ‘स्मरणं स्मृतिरुच्यते’ इति पाठः, तत्रापि नार्थभेदः||१४८-१४९||
The following are the eight factors that bring about a good memory:
Knowledge of cause (of a thing and event etc.);
Knowledge of form (e.g. after seeing gavaya in the forest one remembers a cow having a similar form);
Knowledge of similarity (e.g. on seeing a son one remembers his father having similar form);
Knowledge of contrast (e.g. having seen an ugly form one remembers a beautiful form);
Concentration of mind;
Practice;
Attainment of metaphysical knowledge; and
Subsequent partial communication of an event.
The regime prescribed in verses above, beginning with devotion to the noble persons and ending with absolute mental control (items 1-10) serve as an aid to good memory. If one only remembers the real nature of thing he gets rid of miseries. [147-149]
===A mean for salvation===
एतत्तदेकमयनं मुक्तैर्मोक्षस्य दर्शितम्|
तत्त्वस्मृतिबलं, येन गता न पुनरागताः||१५०||
अयनं पुनराख्यातमेतद्योगस्य योगिभिः|
सङ्ख्यातधर्मैः साङ्ख्यैश्च मुक्तैर्मोक्षस्य चायनम्||१५१||
आयुर्वेददीपिका व्याख्या (चक्रपाणिदत्त कृत): एवं स्मृतिं सामान्येन प्रतिपाद्य तत्त्वस्मृतेर्मोक्षसाधकत्वं दर्शयन्नाह- एतदित्यादि| एकमयनमिति श्रेष्ठः [१] पन्थाः| मुक्तैरिति जीवन्मुक्तैरिति ज्ञेयं, सर्वथामुक्तानां शरीराभावेनोपदर्शकत्वाभावात्| तत्त्वस्मृतिबलमिति तत्त्वस्मृतिरूपं बलं; किंवा, तत्त्वस्मृतिर्बलं यत्र मोक्षसाधनमार्गे तत्तत्त्वस्मृतिबलम्| येनेति येन यथा| गता इति मोक्षं गताः न पुनरागता इति मुक्तिं याता न पुनरागच्छन्ति||१५०-१५१||
The power of metaphysical memory constitutes the best way of liberation, as shown by the liberated ones. Persons following this way do not get rebirth after death. This is again the best way to the attainment of yoga (communion with God) as well as moksha (salvation). This is what the yogins, the virtuous ones, the followers of the Sankhya system, and the liberated ones say. [150-151]
==External Links==
==External Links==
*http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=search#
*http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=search#