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=== Introduction ===
=== Introduction ===
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The preceding chapter dealt with properties of various dietary articles and preparations, while this one explains digestion and metabolism processes in brief. Even though '''''Vividhashitapitiyam''''' means different kinds of eatables and drinks, the chapter gives a detailed explanation of assimilation of food and its transformation into body tissues and diseases caused due to an abnormality of dhatus along with their line of treatment. Some references to this are also available later in the [[Charaka Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15th chapter ([[Grahani Chikitsa]]).
The preceding chapter dealt with properties of various dietary articles and preparations, while this one explains digestion and metabolism processes in brief. Even though '''''Vividhashitapitiyam''''' means different kinds of eatables and drinks, the chapter gives a detailed explanation of assimilation of food and its transformation into body tissues and diseases caused due to an abnormality of dhatus along with their line of treatment. Some references to this are also available later in the [[Charak Samhita]] [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 15th chapter ([[Grahani Chikitsa]]).
Wholesome food is vital for the nourishment of human body, the creation of healthy tissues, maintenance of health, and for the prevention of diseases. Not following a wholesome food regimen causes vitiation of ''doshas''. These ''doshas'' then reside within ''dhatus''(tissue elements), ''upadhatus''(tissues formed from the essence of ''dhatu'' during transformation process), or ''malas'' (metabolic wastes). In certain situations, the vitiated ''doshas'' get aggravated to cause diseases. The entire process is explained with clinical features of association of vitiated ''dosha'' with the respective pathogen. The causative factors for movement of ''dosha'' from the periphery to the gut and vice versa are important to understand the diseases and prescribe the appropriate purification processes. Digestion and assimilation are the most important physiological processes in the body. Any abnormality in this process results in the improper formation of the ''dhatu'' thus resulting in either deficiency or excessive formation of ''dhatus'' resulting in disorders. The causes for the movement of vitiated ''doshas'' from alimentary tract (''koshtha'') to the ''raktadi dhatu'' and skin (''shakha'') results in the occurrence of diseases. Moving the ''doshas'' back to alimentary tract (''koshtha'') and after that removing them eliminates diseases. The line of treatment of various diseases due to an abnormality in the ''dhatus'' is mentioned in this chapter. Thus, the chapter presents important aspects of food, digestion, metabolism, immunity, diseases of affected tissues, and guidelines for their treatment.
Wholesome food is vital for the nourishment of human body, the creation of healthy tissues, maintenance of health, and for the prevention of diseases. Not following a wholesome food regimen causes vitiation of ''doshas''. These ''doshas'' then reside within ''dhatus''(tissue elements), ''upadhatus''(tissues formed from the essence of ''dhatu'' during transformation process), or ''malas'' (metabolic wastes). In certain situations, the vitiated ''doshas'' get aggravated to cause diseases. The entire process is explained with clinical features of association of vitiated ''dosha'' with the respective pathogen. The causative factors for movement of ''dosha'' from the periphery to the gut and vice versa are important to understand the diseases and prescribe the appropriate purification processes. Digestion and assimilation are the most important physiological processes in the body. Any abnormality in this process results in the improper formation of the ''dhatu'' thus resulting in either deficiency or excessive formation of ''dhatus'' resulting in disorders. The causes for the movement of vitiated ''doshas'' from alimentary tract (''koshtha'') to the ''raktadi dhatu'' and skin (''shakha'') results in the occurrence of diseases. Moving the ''doshas'' back to alimentary tract (''koshtha'') and after that removing them eliminates diseases. The line of treatment of various diseases due to an abnormality in the ''dhatus'' is mentioned in this chapter. Thus, the chapter presents important aspects of food, digestion, metabolism, immunity, diseases of affected tissues, and guidelines for their treatment.
*An intelligent individual desirous of preventing such disease should take wholesome food.
*An intelligent individual desirous of preventing such disease should take wholesome food.
*''Langhana'' (lightening) is the line of treatment for all the ''rasaja'' disorders.
*''Langhana'' (lightening) is the line of treatment for all the ''rasaja'' disorders.
*Treatment of ''raktaja'' disorders is mentioned in [[Vidhishonitiya Adhyaya]] ([[Charaka Samhita]] [[Sutra Sthana]] 24th chapter).
*Treatment of ''raktaja'' disorders is mentioned in [[Vidhishonitiya Adhyaya]] ([[Charak Samhita]] [[Sutra Sthana]] 24th chapter).
*The ''mamsaja'' disorders should be treated with purification, surgery, utilizing ''alkali'' and ''agnikarma'' (cauterization).
*The ''mamsaja'' disorders should be treated with purification, surgery, utilizing ''alkali'' and ''agnikarma'' (cauterization).
*The treatment of ''medoja'' disorders is mentioned in [[Ashtauninditiya Adhyaya]] ([[Charaka Samhita]], [[Sutra Sthana]] 21st chapter).
*The treatment of ''medoja'' disorders is mentioned in [[Ashtauninditiya Adhyaya]] ([[Charak Samhita]], [[Sutra Sthana]] 21st chapter).
The ''asthigata'' disorders should be treated with [[Panchakarma]], especially ''basti'' (enema) prepared with bitter drugs, milk, and ghee.
The ''asthigata'' disorders should be treated with [[Panchakarma]], especially ''basti'' (enema) prepared with bitter drugs, milk, and ghee.
''Majja'' and ''shukragata'' disorders should be treated with diet having sweet and bitter taste, coitus, exercise and timely purification as required.
''Majja'' and ''shukragata'' disorders should be treated with diet having sweet and bitter taste, coitus, exercise and timely purification as required.
The treatment of disorders of sense organs is mentioned in [[Trimarmiya Chikitsa]] ([[Charaka Samhita]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], 26th chapter).
The treatment of disorders of sense organs is mentioned in [[Trimarmiya Chikitsa]] ([[Charak Samhita]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], 26th chapter).
The treatment of disorders of ligaments, blood vessels, and tendons is mentioned in [[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa]] ([[Charaka Samhita]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], 28th chapter).
The treatment of disorders of ligaments, blood vessels, and tendons is mentioned in [[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa]] ([[Charak Samhita]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], 28th chapter).
The treatment of disorders of waste products is mentioned in [[Naveganadharaniya Adhyaya]] ([[Charaka Samhita]], [[Sutra Sthana]], 7th chapter) and few aspects in other sections. [23-30]
The treatment of disorders of waste products is mentioned in [[Naveganadharaniya Adhyaya]] ([[Charak Samhita]], [[Sutra Sthana]], 7th chapter) and few aspects in other sections. [23-30]
==== Movement of ''dosha'' from ''koshtha'' (gut) to ''shakha'' (periphery) ====
==== Movement of ''dosha'' from ''koshtha'' (gut) to ''shakha'' (periphery) ====
*''Rakta vibaddhamargatvan mamsa sinna prapadyate''.: If a channel is obstructed, the sequential transformation of tissue is impaired.
*''Rakta vibaddhamargatvan mamsa sinna prapadyate''.: If a channel is obstructed, the sequential transformation of tissue is impaired.
*''Langhana'' (reducing therapy) is the line of treatment for all the ''rasaja'' (body fluids) disorders (Ch. Su. 28/25).
*''Langhana'' (reducing therapy) is the line of treatment for all the ''rasaja'' (body fluids) disorders (Ch. Su. 28/25).
*Treatment of ''raktaja'' (blood) disorders is mentioned in [[Vidhishonitiya Adhyaya]] ([[Charaka Samhita]] [[Sutra Sthana]] 24th chapter). The treatment for ''raktaja vikara'' should be planned as per ''raktapitta'', along with ''virechana, upavasa'' and ''raktamokshana'' (purgation, fasting, and bloodletting) (Ref. Cha. Su. 24/18). (Ch. Su. 28/25)
*Treatment of ''raktaja'' (blood) disorders is mentioned in [[Vidhishonitiya Adhyaya]] ([[Charak Samhita]] [[Sutra Sthana]] 24th chapter). The treatment for ''raktaja vikara'' should be planned as per ''raktapitta'', along with ''virechana, upavasa'' and ''raktamokshana'' (purgation, fasting, and bloodletting) (Ref. Cha. Su. 24/18). (Ch. Su. 28/25)
*The ''mamsaja'' disorders should be treated with purification, surgery, usage of alkali and ''agnikarma'' (cauterization) (Ch. Su. 28/26).
*The ''mamsaja'' disorders should be treated with purification, surgery, usage of alkali and ''agnikarma'' (cauterization) (Ch. Su. 28/26).
*The treatment of ''medoja'' disorders is mentioned in [[Ashtauninditiya Adhyaya]] ([[Charaka Samhita]], [[Sutra Sthana]] 21st chapter).
*The treatment of ''medoja'' disorders is mentioned in [[Ashtauninditiya Adhyaya]] ([[Charak Samhita]], [[Sutra Sthana]] 21st chapter).
''Guru Chatarpanam Dadhyat Sthulanam Karshanam Prati'' diet modification, exercise, purification, and drugs (Cha Su 21/20 (Ch. Su. 28/26):
''Guru Chatarpanam Dadhyat Sthulanam Karshanam Prati'' diet modification, exercise, purification, and drugs (Cha Su 21/20 (Ch. Su. 28/26):
*''Asthigata'' disorders should be treated with [[Panchakarma]], especially ''basti'' (enema) prepared from bitter drugs, milk and ghee should be administered (Ch. Su. 28/27).
*''Asthigata'' disorders should be treated with [[Panchakarma]], especially ''basti'' (enema) prepared from bitter drugs, milk and ghee should be administered (Ch. Su. 28/27).
*''Majja'' and ''shukragata'' disorders should be treated with food and drugs having a sweet and bitter taste. Coitus, exercise and timely purification as required should be engaged in (Ch. Su. 28/28).
*''Majja'' and ''shukragata'' disorders should be treated with food and drugs having a sweet and bitter taste. Coitus, exercise and timely purification as required should be engaged in (Ch. Su. 28/28).
*The treatment of disorders of sense organs is mentioned in [[Trimarmiya Chikitsa]] ([[Charaka Samhita]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], 26th chapter) (Ch. Su. 28/29).
*The treatment of disorders of sense organs is mentioned in [[Trimarmiya Chikitsa]] ([[Charak Samhita]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], 26th chapter) (Ch. Su. 28/29).
*The treatment of disorders of ligaments, blood vessels, and tendons is mentioned in [[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa]] ([[Charaka Samhita]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], 28th chapter) (Ch. Su. 28/30).
*The treatment of disorders of ligaments, blood vessels, and tendons is mentioned in [[Vatavyadhi Chikitsa]] ([[Charak Samhita]], [[Chikitsa Sthana]], 28th chapter) (Ch. Su. 28/30).
*The treatment of disorders of waste products is mentioned in [[Naveganadharaniya Adhyaya]] ([[Charaka Samhita]], [[Sutra Sthana]], 7th chapter) and few aspects in other sections (Ch. Su. 28/30).
*The treatment of disorders of waste products is mentioned in [[Naveganadharaniya Adhyaya]] ([[Charak Samhita]], [[Sutra Sthana]], 7th chapter) and few aspects in other sections (Ch. Su. 28/30).
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