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'''''Phanita''''' (molasses) is a semisolid condensed sugarcane preparation, traditionally used to prepare ''arista, asava'' and other forms of alcoholic fermentation. Its heavy in nature, sweet in taste, nutritive and non - aphrodisiac and aggravates tridosha. ''Sattu'', ghee, whey, sour fruits like Garcinia combojia, and ''kanji'' work as ''tarpana'' medicines in urinary ailments and ''udavarta'' (abnormal conditions characterized by retention of faeces, urine and flatus, associated with pain and leading to or caused by anti-peristaltic movements in the body).

'''''Phanita''''' (molasses) is a semisolid condensed sugarcane preparation, traditionally used to prepare ''arista, asava'' and other forms of alcoholic fermentation. Its heavy in nature, sweet in taste, nutritive and non - aphrodisiac and aggravates tridosha. ''Sattu'', ghee, whey, sour fruits like Garcinia combojia, and ''kanji'' work as ''tarpana'' medicines in urinary ailments and ''udavarta'' (abnormal conditions characterized by retention of faeces, urine and flatus, associated with pain and leading to or caused by anti-peristaltic movements in the body).

'''''Mantha''''' is a formulation made by adding fourteen times of water and blending it thoroughly. ''Mantha'' of ''kharjura'' (dates), manuka (resins), gracinia, tamarind, pomegranate, ''falsa'' (Grewia asiatica) and ''amalaki'' is useful in alcoholics and alcohol induced disorders. ''Mantha'' prepared out of sweet and sour substances if mixed together and added with or without ghee proves to be santarpana and improves strength, lustre and power of body.

'''''Mantha''''' is a formulation made by adding fourteen times of water and blending it thoroughly. ''Mantha'' of ''kharjura'' (dates), ''manuka'' (resins), gracinia, tamarind, pomegranate, ''falsa'' (Grewia asiatica) and ''amalaki'' is useful in alcoholics and alcohol induced disorders. ''Mantha'' prepared out of sweet and sour substances if mixed together and added with or without ghee proves to be ''santarpana'' and improves strength, lustre and power of body.

'''''Kharjura''''' (dates, Phoenix dactylifera) has ''madhura rasa, sheeta veerya'' and ''madhura vipaka''. It is highly nutritious, and has therapeutic effect in the prevention of diseases through modulation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, besides other effects. It contains insignificant amounts of fat and has no cholesterol. It is rich in potassium and iron, besides having adequate levels of B-Complex group of vitamins. They contain health benefiting flavonoid polyphenolic antioxidants. Zea-xanthin is an important dietary carotenoid that selectively gets absorbed in the retinal macula lutea, where it is thought to provide antioxidant and protective light-filtering functions. It thus offers protection against age-related macular degeneration, especially in elderly populations.

'''''Kharjura''''' (dates, Phoenix dactylifera) has ''madhura rasa, sheeta veerya'' and ''madhura vipaka''. It is highly nutritious, and has therapeutic effect in the prevention of diseases through modulation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, besides other effects. It contains insignificant amounts of fat and has no cholesterol. It is rich in potassium and iron, besides having adequate levels of B-Complex group of vitamins. They contain health benefiting flavonoid polyphenolic antioxidants. Zea-xanthin is an important dietary carotenoid that selectively gets absorbed in the retinal macula lutea, where it is thought to provide antioxidant and protective light-filtering functions. It thus offers protection against age-related macular degeneration, especially in elderly populations.

'''''Dadima''''' (Punica Granatum): It is ''madhura, kashaya'' and ''amla rasa'' with ''ushna veerya'' and ''madhura vipaka.''  Pomegranates have the potential to thin the blood, increase blood flow to the heart, reduce blood pressure, reduce plaque in the arteries, and reduce bad cholesterol while increasing good cholesterol<ref> Lansky, E.; Shubert, S.; Neeman, I. Pharmacological and therapeutical properties of pomegranate. In Proceedings 1st International Symposium on Pomegranate; Megarejo, P.; Martı´nez, J. J.; </ref>.  Pomegranate seed oil and fermented juice polyphenols tend to inhibit breastcancer cell proliferation, invasion, and promotes apoptosis of breast cancer cells<ref>  N.D., R. Mehta, W. Yu, I. Neeman, T. Livney, A. Amichay, D.Poirier, P. Nicholls, A. Kirby, W. Jiang, R. Mansel, C.Ramachandran, T. Rabi, B. Kaplan, and E. Lansky:Chemopreventive and adjuvant therapeutic potential of pomegranate (Punica granatum) for human breast cancer.Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2002; 71(3): 203-17 </ref>.  

'''''Dadima''''' (Punica Granatum): It is ''madhura, kashaya'' and ''amla rasa'' with ''ushna veerya'' and ''madhura vipaka.''  Pomegranates have the potential to thin the blood, increase blood flow to the heart, reduce blood pressure, reduce plaque in the arteries, and reduce bad cholesterol while increasing good cholesterol<ref> Lansky, E.; Shubert, S.; Neeman, I. Pharmacological and therapeutical properties of pomegranate. In Proceedings 1st International Symposium on Pomegranate; Megarejo, P.; Martı´nez, J. J.; </ref>.  Pomegranate seed oil and fermented juice polyphenols tend to inhibit breastcancer cell proliferation, invasion, and promotes apoptosis of breast cancer cells<ref>  N.D., R. Mehta, W. Yu, I. Neeman, T. Livney, A. Amichay, D.Poirier, P. Nicholls, A. Kirby, W. Jiang, R. Mansel, C.Ramachandran, T. Rabi, B. Kaplan, and E. Lansky:Chemopreventive and adjuvant therapeutic potential of pomegranate (Punica granatum) for human breast cancer.Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 2002; 71(3): 203-17 </ref>.  

   

   

Falasa (Grewia asiatica): has kashaya, amla, madhura rasa and laghu, veerya sheeta guna and madhura vipaka.  It is useful in madatya, pittaprakopa, trishna, daha, hridroga, amavata, vatarakta, shoola, kshaya, rohini, yoniroga, vrana, jwara. It shows a potent antioxidant properties and shows radio protective properties<ref> Sharma KV, Sisodia R. Evaluation of free radical scavenging activity and radioprotective efficacy of Grewia asiatica fruit. J Radio Prot 2009; 29: 429–443. </ref>.

'''''Falasa''''' (Grewia asiatica): has ''kashaya, amla, madhura rasa'' and ''laghu, veerya sheeta guna'' and ''madhura vipaka''.  It is useful in ''madatya, pittaprakopa, trishna, daha, hridroga, amavata, vatarakta, shoola, kshaya, rohini, yoniroga, vrana, jwara''. It shows a potent antioxidant properties and shows radio protective properties<ref> Sharma KV, Sisodia R. Evaluation of free radical scavenging activity and radioprotective efficacy of Grewia asiatica fruit. J Radio Prot 2009; 29: 429–443. </ref>.  

If we observe the food substances, fruits and other edibles which are advised for the management of apatarpan have high glycemic index. Dates, raisins, and certain fruits mentioned are fast energy giving substances while formulation with sattu are slow energy giving substances.  

It is very interesting to note that honey and sattu are used both in apatarpan and santarpaniya vyadhis. In santarpanajanya vyadhis, Sattu is used along with certain herbs, which are tikta and katu ras dominant. Apart from herbs oil, ghee and honey in prescribed portion is used. While in apatarpana diseases sattu has been used along with sugar, alcoholic beverages, honey, oil and ghee. This is the importance of samyog (combination) of dravyas mentioned by Charaka elsewhere. Sattu when advised with alcoholic beverages or with certain sour substance exerts different nutritional properties. When sattu is given with acidic and fermented substances like alcohol, an enzymetic degradation of phytic acid of sattu is observed. Such a reduction in phytate may increase the amount of soluble iron, zinc and calcium several folds. This makes the combination of sattu more nutritious as compared to the formulation mentioned in the management of santarpanajanya diseases.       

 

It is very interesting to note that honey and sattu are used both in ''apatarpana'' and ''santarpaniya vyadhis''. In ''santarpanajanya vyadhis, sattu'' is used along with certain herbs, which are ''tikta'' and ''katu rasa'' dominant. Apart from herbs oil, ghee and honey in prescribed portion is used. While in ''apatarpana'' diseases ''sattu'' has been used along with sugar, alcoholic beverages, honey, oil and ghee. This is the importance of ''samayoga'' (combination) of ''dravyas'' mentioned by Charaka elsewhere. ''Sattu'' when advised with alcoholic beverages or with certain sour substance exerts different nutritional properties.  

 

When ''sattu'' is given with acidic and fermented substances like alcohol, an enzymetic degradation of phytic acid of ''sattu'' is observed. Such a reduction in phytate may increase the amount of soluble iron, zinc and calcium several folds. This makes the combination of sattu more nutritious as compared to the formulation mentioned in the management of santarpanajanya diseases.       

Over-nutrition and disorders induced by it leads to immune activation or susceptibility to inflammatory diseases, such as diabetes while under nutrition results in immune suppression or susceptibility to infection. Over-nutrition (prolonged intake of high fat/sugar diets) and infection lead to chronic and acute inflammation through nutrient and pathogen sensing systems, respectively<ref> Wellen KE, Hotamisligil GS: Inflammation, stress, and diabetes. J Clin Invest 2005, 115:1111-1119. </ref>

Over-nutrition and disorders induced by it leads to immune activation or susceptibility to inflammatory diseases, such as diabetes while under nutrition results in immune suppression or susceptibility to infection. Over-nutrition (prolonged intake of high fat/sugar diets) and infection lead to chronic and acute inflammation through nutrient and pathogen sensing systems, respectively<ref> Wellen KE, Hotamisligil GS: Inflammation, stress, and diabetes. J Clin Invest 2005, 115:1111-1119. </ref>