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| | |Sudden weight loss, dark urine (decreased, not increased urination) | | |Sudden weight loss, dark urine (decreased, not increased urination) |
| | |Decreased 24-hour urine; in mild and moderate dehydration: normal blood sodium; in severe dehydration: increased blood sodium | | |Decreased 24-hour urine; in mild and moderate dehydration: normal blood sodium; in severe dehydration: increased blood sodium |
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| | + | !scope = "row"| Heat exhaustion or heat stroke |
| | + | |Exhaustion, cool, clammy skin, increased body temperature (in heat stroke: warm skin, body T > 105.8 °F or 41 °C) |
| | + | |Decreased 24-hour urine |
| | + | |- |
| | + | !scope = "row"| Diabetes mellitus |
| | + | |Hunger or poor appetite, weight loss, extreme fatigue, blurred vision, jock itch, diabetes in family |
| | + | |Increased glucose levels in the blood and urine |
| | + | |- |
| | + | !scope = "row"| Diabetes insipidus (central and nephrogenic) |
| | + | |History of brain trauma, surgery or tumor, or a kidney disease |
| | + | |Decreased urine specific gravity and osmolality, increased blood sodium |
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| | |} | | |} |
| − | CONDITION SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS (besides excessive urination and thirst) LAB TESTS
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| − | Dehydration Sudden weight loss, dark urine (decreased, not increased urination) Decreased 24-hour urine; in mild and moderate dehydration: normal blood sodium; in severe dehydration: increased blood sodium
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| − | Heat exhaustion or heat stroke
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| − | Exhaustion, cool, clammy skin, increased body temperature (in heat stroke: warm skin, body T > 105.8 °F or 41 °C) Decreased 24-hour urine
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| − | Diabetes mellitus Hunger or poor appetite, weight loss, extreme fatigue, blurred vision, jock itch, diabetes in family Increased glucose levels in the blood and urine
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| − | Diabetes insipidus (central and nephrogenic) History of brain trauma, surgery or tumor, or a kidney disease Decreased urine specific gravity and osmolality, increased blood sodium
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| − | Diuretics Dry mouth Decreased urine specific gravity
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| − | Psychogenic polydipsia
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| − | Usually in individuals with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics Increased 24-hour urine, decreased urine specific gravity and osmolality, sometimes: decreased blood sodium
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| − | Adrenal hyperactivity (hyperaldosteronism) Increased blood pressure Decreased blood potassium, increased urine potassium, increased blood aldosterone after sodium challenge
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| − | Anorexia nervosa Severely decreased body weight Mineral and vitamin deficiencies (hypokalemia, low iron, etc.)
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| − | Postural (orthostatic) hypotension Dizziness after raising up, Drop of blood pressure > 30 mm Hg upon standing Nothing typical
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| − | Hypertension Increased blood pressure Possible increase of blood aldosterone, renin
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| − | Anemia Paleness, fatigue, hyperventilation Decreased RBC or abnormal erythrocytes
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| − | Congestive heart failure Chest pain, swollen legs ECG abnormalities
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| − | Liver cirrhosis History of alcoholism, poor appetite, loss of weight, spider nevuses Decreased serum proteins (albumin), increased liver enzymes and bilirubin
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| − | Chronic dry mouth (xerostomia) in Sjögren’s syndrome and SLE Rash, joint pain Specific antibodies in the blood
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| − | Shock (hypovolemic, septic, anaphylactic) Cool, clammy skin, increased heart rate; in late shock: lethargy, low blood pressure Septic shock: increased or decreased white blood cells (WBC), increased blood glucose
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| − | Ecstasy (MDMA), cocaine, marijuana Euphoria Positive urine drug test
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| − | Opiates (morphine, heroin) Sleepiness Positive urine drug test
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| | Laboratory Tests: | | Laboratory Tests: |