Changes

===== B. Causes of excessive thirst with excessive urination =====

===== B. Causes of excessive thirst with excessive urination =====

Psychogenic Polydipsia

====== Psychogenic Polydipsia ======

 

In most cases of polydipsia, people drink water to replace water they have lost due to excessive urination caused by certain organic disorders. Individuals with primary or psychogenic polydipsia (often associated with schizophrenia) have no organic disorder, but they believe or feel they should drink a lot of fluid. This can lead to water intoxication (hyponatremia), which can be life threatening.

In most cases of polydipsia, people drink water to replace water they have lost due to excessive urination caused by certain organic disorders. Individuals with primary or psychogenic polydipsia (often associated with schizophrenia) have no organic disorder, but they believe or feel they should drink a lot of fluid. This can lead to water intoxication (hyponatremia), which can be life threatening.

Brain Disorders Resulting in Central Diabetes Insipidus

 

• Head injury, tumor, stroke  

====== Brain Disorders Resulting in Central Diabetes Insipidus ======

Impaired Kidney Function Resulting in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

 

• Salt-wasting nephropathy (in a polycystic kidney disease) , post-obstructive diuresis (after resolution of urinary tract blockage), medullary kidney cystic disease, proximal renal tubular acidosis

*Head injury, tumor, stroke  

Heart Disorders

 

• Supraventricular tachycardia (a type of heart arrhythmia), postural hypotension, systemic capillary leak syndrome

====== Impaired Kidney Function Resulting in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus ======

Hormonal Disorders

 

• Gestational diabetes insipidus; in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy

*Salt-wasting nephropathy (in a polycystic kidney disease) , post-obstructive diuresis (after resolution of urinary tract blockage), medullary kidney cystic disease, proximal renal tubular acidosis

• Adrenal hyperactivity

 

• Epinephrine (adrenaline)-secreting tumor (pheochromocytoma) in the adrenal medulla  

====== Heart Disorders ======

• Pituitary disorders:  

*Supraventricular tachycardia (a type of heart arrhythmia), postural hypotension, systemic capillary leak syndrome

• Cushing’s syndrome  

 

• Sheehan’s syndrome (pituitary infarct)

====== Hormonal Disorders ======

• Hyperthyroidism, especially acute severe thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm) (hyperglycemia, excessive sweating and diarrhea lead to polydipsia)

*Gestational diabetes insipidus; in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy

• Hyperparathyroidism  

*Adrenal hyperactivity

Metabolic Disorders

*Epinephrine (adrenaline)-secreting tumor (pheochromocytoma) in the adrenal medulla  

• Hypokalemia  

*Pituitary disorders:  

• Hypercalcemia

**Cushing’s syndrome  

• Hypernatremia

**Sheehan’s syndrome (pituitary infarct)

Genetic and Congenital Disorders

**Hyperthyroidism, especially acute severe thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm) (hyperglycemia, excessive sweating and diarrhea lead to polydipsia)

**Hyperparathyroidism  

 

====== Metabolic Disorders ======

*Hypokalemia  

*Hypercalcemia

*Hypernatremia

 

====== Genetic and Congenital Disorders ======

• Aceruloplasminemia

• Aceruloplasminemia

• Alsing syndrome

• Alsing syndrome