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==== General pathogenesis ====
 
==== General pathogenesis ====
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Due to above mentioned factors, vata and pitta dosha are vitiated and further affect channels carrying fluids like rasavaha and udakavaha srotasa.
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Due to above mentioned factors, ''vata'' and ''pitta dosha'' are vitiated and further affect channels carrying fluids like ''rasavaha'' and ''udakavaha srotasa''.
Etio-pathological factors in thirst:
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Acute fall in blood pressure and/or blood volume will also stimulate thirst. 15% or more reduction in circulating blood volume is required for this effect. However, the effects are short-lived and the effect of osmolality changes on thirst is more significant. Thus classification may be done as follows:
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==== Etio-pathological factors in thirst ====
A. Causes of excessive thirst without excessive urination
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1. Dehydration due to:
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Acute fall in blood pressure and/or blood volume will also stimulate thirst. 15% or more reduction in circulating blood volume is required for this effect. However, the effects are short-lived and the effect of osmolality changes on thirst is more significant.  
Excessive sweating (diaphoresis)
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Diarrhea
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Thus classification may be done as follows:
Large loose stools after eating foods high in fiber
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===== A. Causes of excessive thirst without excessive urination =====
Hyperventilation due to anxiousness, certain diseases, such as pneumonia, or at high altitudes.
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====== 1. Dehydration due to: ======
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*Excessive sweating (diaphoresis)
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*Diarrhea
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*Large loose stools after eating foods high in fiber
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*Hyperventilation due to anxiousness, certain diseases, such as pneumonia, or at high altitudes.
 
 
2. Dry mouth by causes other than dehydration:
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====== 2. Dry mouth by causes other than dehydration: ======
Acute (sudden) causes of dry mouth:
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Eating dry or spicy or salty foods
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'''Acute (sudden) causes of dry mouth''':
Breathing dry air, breathing through the mouth, snoring, smoking, chewing tobacco
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*Eating dry or spicy or salty foods
Anxiety, depression, stress  
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*Breathing dry air, breathing through the mouth, snoring, smoking, chewing tobacco
Hangover
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*Anxiety, depression, stress  
Disorder of salivary glands (mumps, side effect of irradiation)  
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*Hangover
Stroke  
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*Disorder of salivary glands (mumps, side effect of irradiation)  
Shock (hypovolemic, septic, anaphylactic)  
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*Stroke  
Chronic causes of dry mouth (xerostomia):
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*Shock (hypovolemic, septic, anaphylactic)
Anemia
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Hypertension
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'''Chronic causes of dry mouth (xerostomia)''':
Oral thrush caused by fungal [candida] infection
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*Anemia
Disorders of salivary glands (sialadenitis, stones)
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*Hypertension
Autoimmune diseases: Sjögren’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, sarcoidosis (neurosarcoidosis), rheumatoid arthritis  
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*Oral thrush caused by fungal [candida] infection
Parkinson’s disease
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*Disorders of salivary glands (sialadenitis, stones)
HIV/AIDS
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*Autoimmune diseases: Sjögren’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, sarcoidosis (neurosarcoidosis), rheumatoid arthritis  
Alzheimer’s disease
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*Parkinson’s disease
Mouth or throat cancer
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*HIV/AIDS
Cystic fibrosis
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*Alzheimer’s disease
Dry mouth as a side effect of medications or supplements:
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*Mouth or throat cancer
Anti-acne drugs: tretinoin  
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*Cystic fibrosis
Anticholinergics (spasmolytics): atropine  
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Antidepressants: fluoxetine  
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'''Dry mouth as a side effect of medications or supplements''':
Antidiarrheals: bismuth subsalicylate, loperamide
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*Anti-acne drugs: tretinoin  
Antiemetics (drugs to treat nausea/vomiting): chlorpromazine, metoclopramide, ondansetron, promethazine, scopolamine  
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*Anticholinergics (spasmolytics): atropine  
Antihistamines  
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*Antidepressants: fluoxetine  
Antiepileptics: valproate, topiramate
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*Antidiarrheals: bismuth subsalicylate, loperamide
Antiparkinsonians  
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*Antiemetics (drugs to treat nausea/vomiting): chlorpromazine, metoclopramide, ondansetron, promethazine, scopolamine  
Antipsoriatics: acitretin
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*Antihistamines  
Antipsychotics: modafinil, phenothiazines, risperidone, indapamide
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*Antiepileptics: valproate, topiramate
Antivirals: ritonavir, indinavir; antiretrovirals (to treat AIDS)  
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*Antiparkinsonians  
Aspirin overdose  
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*Antipsoriatics: acitretin
Beta-blockers (for heart disease, hypertension): atenolol, propranolol
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*Antipsychotics: modafinil, phenothiazines, risperidone, indapamide
Bronchodilators (to treat asthma): theophylline, salbutamol  
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*Antivirals: ritonavir, indinavir; antiretrovirals (to treat AIDS)  
Chemotherapeutics: bortezomib, cisplatin  
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*Aspirin overdose  
Muscle relaxants  
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*Beta-blockers (for heart disease, hypertension): atenolol, propranolol
Nasal decongestants (sprays)
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*Bronchodilators (to treat asthma): theophylline, salbutamol  
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): aspirin, diclofenac,  ibuprofen, naproxen
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*Chemotherapeutics: bortezomib, cisplatin  
Opiates: morphine  
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*Muscle relaxants  
Sedatives (sleeping pills: diazepam)
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*Nasal decongestants (sprays)
Steroids  
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*Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): aspirin, diclofenac,  ibuprofen, naproxen
Stimulants: armodafinil  
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*Opiates: morphine  
Illegal Drugs:
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*Sedatives (sleeping pills: diazepam)
Marijuana (cannabis)  
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*Steroids  
Ecstasy (MDMA)  
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*Stimulants: armodafinil  
Cocaine  
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Heroin  
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'''Illegal Drugs''':
Amphetamine
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*Marijuana (cannabis)  
B. Causes of excessive thirst with excessive urination
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*Ecstasy (MDMA)  
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*Cocaine  
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*Heroin  
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*Amphetamine
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===== B. Causes of excessive thirst with excessive urination =====
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Psychogenic Polydipsia
 
Psychogenic Polydipsia
 
In most cases of polydipsia, people drink water to replace water they have lost due to excessive urination caused by certain organic disorders. Individuals with primary or psychogenic polydipsia (often associated with schizophrenia) have no organic disorder, but they believe or feel they should drink a lot of fluid. This can lead to water intoxication (hyponatremia), which can be life threatening.
 
In most cases of polydipsia, people drink water to replace water they have lost due to excessive urination caused by certain organic disorders. Individuals with primary or psychogenic polydipsia (often associated with schizophrenia) have no organic disorder, but they believe or feel they should drink a lot of fluid. This can lead to water intoxication (hyponatremia), which can be life threatening.