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→Various locations of shotha
Two causes of ''aanaha'' are: impaired peristalsis of the stomach and that of the large bowel (Su.utt.-57/20-22). ''Vriddhi roga'' (hydrocele and hernia) has been described to be of seven types i.e. ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, raktaja, medoja, mutraja'' and ''antraja''. (A.H.Ni.-11/21-31). The ''antraja vriddhi'' may be correlated with swelling of the hernia and is said to be incurable. Sushruta has described five types of ''rohini'' (diptheria) i.e. ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, raktaja'' and ''sannipataja'' (Su.ni.-16/47-50).
Two causes of ''aanaha'' are: impaired peristalsis of the stomach and that of the large bowel (Su.utt.-57/20-22). ''Vriddhi roga'' (hydrocele and hernia) has been described to be of seven types i.e. ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, raktaja, medoja, mutraja'' and ''antraja''. (A.H.Ni.-11/21-31). The ''antraja vriddhi'' may be correlated with swelling of the hernia and is said to be incurable. Sushruta has described five types of ''rohini'' (diptheria) i.e. ''vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, raktaja'' and ''sannipataja'' (Su.ni.-16/47-50).
''Upajihvika, galashundika, galagraha, rohini'' are basically infectious disorders affecting the mouth and throat area. ''Galaganda'' closely resembles goitre which is caused due to thyroid disorders. ''Visarpa'' and ''pidika'' are caused due to skin infections, whereas ''tilaka, piplu, vyanga'' and ''nilika'' are the problems present in skin due melanin pigment disorders. ''Pliha vridhi'' or spleenomegaly is condition where spleen gets enlarged due to many reasons such as infections, hematological disorders, malignancies etc. ''Gulma, udara roga, aanaha'' are diseases mainly located and related to gastrointestinal tract, having main features of fullness or protuberance. Eight ''udara rogas'' described in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] are actually diseases present as protuberances in abdomen. But all ''udara rogas'' are not directly related to the gastrointestinal tract e.g. ''plihodara'' (splenomegaly), ''yakradaludara'' (hepatomegaly), and ''jalodara'' (ascites). Still their manifestation is similar to ''shotha'' i.e. swellings. Swelling at the roots of ears, commonly known as ''Karnamoola shotha'' (Parotitis), is mostly due to viral infections. ''Vriddhi roga'' is a kind of hernia, i.e., inguinal, femoral, umbilical or incision hernia with visible swelling. ''Adhimansa'' (increased muscles bulk) and ''arbuda''(tumor) are swellings associated with extra or new growth that could be benign or malignant. ''Rohini'' can be closely correlated with diphtheria which is caused by a bacterial infection i.e. Corynibacterium diphtheriae 8. It can affect many sites in the body but most commonly the throat where if not treated properly may cause death due to suffocation or asphyxia. [19-36]
''Upajihvika, galashundika, galagraha, rohini'' are basically infectious disorders affecting the mouth and throat area. ''Galaganda'' closely resembles goitre which is caused due to thyroid disorders. ''Visarpa'' and ''pidika'' are caused due to skin infections, whereas ''tilaka, piplu, vyanga'' and ''nilika'' are the problems present in skin due melanin pigment disorders. ''Pliha vridhi'' or spleenomegaly is condition where spleen gets enlarged due to many reasons such as infections, hematological disorders, malignancies etc. ''Gulma, udara roga, aanaha'' are diseases mainly located and related to gastrointestinal tract, having main features of fullness or protuberance. Eight ''udara rogas'' described in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] are actually diseases present as protuberances in abdomen. But all ''udara rogas'' are not directly related to the gastrointestinal tract e.g. ''plihodara'' (splenomegaly), ''yakradaludara'' (hepatomegaly), and ''jalodara'' (ascites). Still their manifestation is similar to ''shotha'' i.e. swellings. Swelling at the roots of ears, commonly known as ''Karnamoola shotha'' (Parotitis), is mostly due to viral infections. ''Vriddhi roga'' is a kind of hernia, i.e., inguinal, femoral, umbilical or incision hernia with visible swelling. ''Adhimansa'' (increased muscles bulk) and ''arbuda''(tumor) are swellings associated with extra or new growth that could be benign or malignant. ''Rohini'' can be closely correlated with diphtheria which is caused by a bacterial infection i.e. Corynibacterium diphtheriae <ref>Textbook of microbiology – Orient Longman, chapter-26 page-23, 4th edition. </ref>. It can affect many sites in the body but most commonly the throat where if not treated properly may cause death due to suffocation or asphyxia. [19-36]
==== ''Dosha'' and disease ====
==== ''Dosha'' and disease ====