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Improper treatment or care of any existing edema-causing disease can lead to upadravas, or complications caused due to obstruction caused by accumulated fluid in the interstitial spaces leading to improper circulation. This hampers the normal movement of vata leading to various complications.  
 
Improper treatment or care of any existing edema-causing disease can lead to upadravas, or complications caused due to obstruction caused by accumulated fluid in the interstitial spaces leading to improper circulation. This hampers the normal movement of vata leading to various complications.  
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If we consider modern etiopathogenesis of edema, then it is clear that all the complications described here are consequences of either edema or its associated disease. For example, hypertension is an etiological factor for heart and renal failure which are common causes of edema. Sometimes, pulmonary edema develops due to many reasons resulting in dyspnea. Anorexia may be due to hepatic pathology itself or may be due to congestion (as in the case of congestive heart failure)7. Excessive thirst may be due to induced or spontaneous diuresis leading to dehydration. Pyrexia, diarrhea and weakness can develop because of associated infections or other systemic ailments. [18]
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If we consider modern etiopathogenesis of edema, then it is clear that all the complications described here are consequences of either edema or its associated disease. For example, hypertension is an etiological factor for heart and renal failure which are common causes of edema. Sometimes, pulmonary edema develops due to many reasons resulting in dyspnea. Anorexia may be due to hepatic pathology itself or may be due to congestion (as in the case of congestive heart failure)<ref>Manual of practical medicine by R. Alagappan, chapter-3 page-159, 3rd edition. </ref>. Excessive thirst may be due to induced or spontaneous diuresis leading to dehydration. Pyrexia, diarrhea and weakness can develop because of associated infections or other systemic ailments. [18]
    
==== Various locations of ''shotha'' ====
 
==== Various locations of ''shotha'' ====