Changes

The influence of psychic component is very important to conceive and is described in many ways. A lonely place (''rahovisrishta'') is advised because any hindrance to the act affects emission of semen during coitus (CK on CS.Sa.2/3). A positive, healthy state of mind (''saumanasya'') is said to be the best state to conceive (CS.Su.25/40). If the woman thinks about an animal during coitus, the progeny takes the character of that animal (CS.Sa.2/25, 8/14; SS.Sa.2/46; AS. Su.13/3, Sa.1/53, AH.Sa.1/31). Similarly, proper methods for sex (''mithuna'') are indicated and it is advised not to follow wrong methods (CK on CS.Sa.2/3).Normal and abnormal postures (CS.Sa.8/6,58, AS.Sa.1/58-59), contraindication of coitus for both male and female along with their effects (CS.Sa.8/6, SS.Sa.10/56, Ci.24/110-123, AS.Sa.1/21,58; BP.Pur.3/26,5/300-302; BhS.Su.7/5-7) are found in many places. Four ''mahabhutas'' and six sources are the constituents of the ''sukshma-beeja'' which is taken with word ''shukra'' (CK on CS.Sa.2/3) viz. the sperm. (3)

The influence of psychic component is very important to conceive and is described in many ways. A lonely place (''rahovisrishta'') is advised because any hindrance to the act affects emission of semen during coitus (CK on CS.Sa.2/3). A positive, healthy state of mind (''saumanasya'') is said to be the best state to conceive (CS.Su.25/40). If the woman thinks about an animal during coitus, the progeny takes the character of that animal (CS.Sa.2/25, 8/14; SS.Sa.2/46; AS. Su.13/3, Sa.1/53, AH.Sa.1/31). Similarly, proper methods for sex (''mithuna'') are indicated and it is advised not to follow wrong methods (CK on CS.Sa.2/3).Normal and abnormal postures (CS.Sa.8/6,58, AS.Sa.1/58-59), contraindication of coitus for both male and female along with their effects (CS.Sa.8/6, SS.Sa.10/56, Ci.24/110-123, AS.Sa.1/21,58; BP.Pur.3/26,5/300-302; BhS.Su.7/5-7) are found in many places. Four ''mahabhutas'' and six sources are the constituents of the ''sukshma-beeja'' which is taken with word ''shukra'' (CK on CS.Sa.2/3) viz. the sperm. (3)

==== Description of ''shukra'' (Verse 4) ====

==== Description of ''shukra'' (Verse 4-6) ====

The word ''shukra'' referred here is described under the term ''beeja'' in the context of factors responsible for conception in different texts (CS.Su.11/23, SS.Sa.2/33, AS. Sa.1/68, KS.Sa.5/5). The author also uses ''aartava''(ovum) and ''shukra'' (sperm) interchangeably with the word ''beeja'' (Dal.SS.Sa.2/33). Similarly, healthy ''pum-beeja'' (quality sperm) is taken with ''shuddha shukra'' (AD, AH.Sa.1/8-9). Regarding the constituents and sources of ''shukra'', it is stated that all the four ''mahabhutas'' (i.e., all except ''akasha'') equally contribute in creating semen and the best qualities of these four constituents produce pure semen (CK on CS.Sa.2/4) otherwise it becomes abnormal (GD on CS.Sa.2/4). Though semen is ''panchabhautika'', ''akasha'' is not mentioned here since it does not have any kinetic property. Thus, ejaculated semen is said to be ''chatushpada''. However, ''akasha'' being all pervasive, it combines with semen in the uterus (where the semen finally becomes ''panchabhautika'').  

The word ''shukra'' referred here is described under the term ''beeja'' in the context of factors responsible for conception in different texts (CS.Su.11/23, SS.Sa.2/33, AS. Sa.1/68, KS.Sa.5/5). The author also uses ''aartava''(ovum) and ''shukra'' (sperm) interchangeably with the word ''beeja'' (Dal.SS.Sa.2/33). Similarly, healthy ''pum-beeja'' (quality sperm) is taken with ''shuddha shukra'' (AD, AH.Sa.1/8-9). Regarding the constituents and sources of ''shukra'', it is stated that all the four ''mahabhutas'' (i.e., all except ''akasha'') equally contribute in creating semen and the best qualities of these four constituents produce pure semen (CK on CS.Sa.2/4) otherwise it becomes abnormal (GD on CS.Sa.2/4). Though semen is ''panchabhautika'', ''akasha'' is not mentioned here since it does not have any kinetic property. Thus, ejaculated semen is said to be ''chatushpada''. However, ''akasha'' being all pervasive, it combines with semen in the uterus (where the semen finally becomes ''panchabhautika'').