Changes

=== Introduction ===

=== Introduction ===

The chapter deals with importance of dehabala (physical strength) and sattvabala (psychological strength) in assessing the severity and prognosis of diseases. If a physician masters the art of assessing properly the physical and psychological strength, he never fails in proper prognosis and management of patients.

The chapter deals with importance of ''dehabala'' (physical strength) and ''sattvabala'' (psychological strength) in assessing the severity and prognosis of diseases. If a physician masters the art of assessing properly the physical and psychological strength, he never fails in proper prognosis and management of patients.

Parasitology and Bacteriolgy in Ayurveda –Oldest recording of classification and  treatment of krimi (parasites and microbes) is found in [[Charaka Samhita]]. It is obvious that they had knowledge of parasites and invisible microorganisms and their role in pathogenesis and symbiosis. Details of krimis is described under seven subheadings i.e. aetiology, nomenclature, site, morphology, colour, pathogenesis and treatment, in the text total number of krimi is mentioned as twenty.

*Parasitology and Bacteriolgy in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] –Oldest recording of classification and  treatment of krimi (parasites and microbes) is found in [[Charaka Samhita]]. It is obvious that they had knowledge of parasites and invisible microorganisms and their role in pathogenesis and symbiosis. Details of krimis is described under seven subheadings i.e., aetiology, nomenclature, site, morphology, colour, pathogenesis and treatment, in the text total number of krimi is mentioned as twenty.

Classification – The krimis are classified as external and internal. Internal type has been further classified under three subtypes i.e. raktaja (originating in blood), sheshmika (originating due to kapha predominant factors), and purishaja (originating in feces).

*Classification – The ''krimis'' are classified as external and internal. Internal type has been further classified under three subtypes i.e. ''raktaja'' (originating in blood), ''shleshmika'' (originating due to ''kapha'' predominant factors), and ''purishaja'' (originating in feces).

Morphology – Charaka has described three morphological types of shlaishmika krimi which is consistent with present day parasitology, three types include platy helminths; nematodes- large nematodes & small nematodes.

Pathogenesis – Raktaja krimi are invisible and produce the symptomatology like kushtha hence they are to be treated like the disease kushtha. However, The shleshmika and purishaja variety has more academic importance than therapeutic as their etiological factor and treatment are the same but the presenting symptomatology is different.

*Morphology – Charaka has described three morphological types of ''shlaishmika krimi'' which is consistent with present day parasitology, three types include platy helminths, large nematodes and small nematodes.

Treatment - In this section the management principle has been described which is unique and applicable to the management of most diseases. Treatment is described predominantly for intestinal parasites. Long list of plants is mentioned for the treatment of parasites and their expulsion from the body. Per the advancement in technology and pharmaceuticals, the parasites and micro-organisms are studied in detail in modern medicine. Specific ante-helminthics and anti-microbial drugs with good clinical efficacy are available. The description of  methods of removal of parasites in Ayurveda seems to be inconvenient in today’s era, where convenient therapeutic modalities are developed by modern science. The ayurvedic drugs also need to be used in larger doses. Modern medicine drugs, for removal of common parasites are effective with convenient dosage schedule. However, these drugs are potentially toxic and are to be used with careful watch of physician.   

 

*Treatment - In this section the management principle has been described which is unique and applicable to the management of most diseases. Treatment is described predominantly for intestinal parasites. Long list of plants is mentioned for the treatment of parasites and their expulsion from the body. Per the advancement in technology and pharmaceuticals, the parasites and micro-organisms are studied in detail in modern medicine. Specific ante-helminthics and anti-microbial drugs with good clinical efficacy are available. The description of  methods of removal of parasites in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda Ayurveda] seems to be inconvenient in today’s era, where convenient therapeutic modalities are developed by modern science. The ayurvedic drugs also need to be used in larger doses. Modern medicine drugs, for removal of common parasites are effective with convenient dosage schedule. However, these drugs are potentially toxic and are to be used with careful watch of physician.   

==== The Chapter ====

==== The Chapter ====