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Causative factors of ''apasmara'' can be categorized under dietary, lifestyle, psychological and iatrogenic factors. Vitiated ''doshas'' get through the vessels of the heart and when exposed to predisposing psychological factors like excess worry, grief, anger, and fear, move upwards from the heart, the abode of all consciousness, to the brain, afflicting the senses while altering memory. This eventually leads to ''apasmara''. The etiology of the disease and specific features of the dominant ''doshas'' involved, and ''nidanarthakara roga'' (one disease causing other disease) and its importance in diagnosis and treatment have been described in detail in this chapter, with some important aspects of diagnosis addressed. In some cases, both diseases (the causative and the secondary ones) coexist while in other cases, the causative disease disappears and the new disease remains present. Thus, this chapter, while focusing on ''apasmara'', also talks of complications that lead to secondary conditions and their treatment.

Causative factors of ''apasmara'' can be categorized under dietary, lifestyle, psychological and iatrogenic factors. Vitiated ''doshas'' get through the vessels of the heart and when exposed to predisposing psychological factors like excess worry, grief, anger, and fear, move upwards from the heart, the abode of all consciousness, to the brain, afflicting the senses while altering memory. This eventually leads to ''apasmara''. The etiology of the disease and specific features of the dominant ''doshas'' involved, and ''nidanarthakara roga'' (one disease causing other disease) and its importance in diagnosis and treatment have been described in detail in this chapter, with some important aspects of diagnosis addressed. In some cases, both diseases (the causative and the secondary ones) coexist while in other cases, the causative disease disappears and the new disease remains present. Thus, this chapter, while focusing on ''apasmara'', also talks of complications that lead to secondary conditions and their treatment.

===Sanskrit text, transliteration and english translation===

===Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation===

 

 

athātō'pasmāranidānaṁ  vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||  

athātō'pasmāranidānaṁ  vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||  

iti ha smāha bhagavānātrēyaḥ||2||

iti ha smāha bhagavānātrēyaḥ||2||

athAto~apasmAranidAnaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH||1||  

athAto~apasmAranidAnaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH||1||  

iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||  

iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||  

“Now we shall discuss the diagnosis of Apasmara”, said Lord Atreya [1-2]

“Now we shall discuss the diagnosis of ''Apasmara''”, said Lord Atreya [1-2]

Four types of apasmara:

 

==== Four types of ''apasmara'' ====

 

इह खलु चत्वारोऽपस्मारा भवन्ति वातपित्तकफसन्निपातनिमित्ताः ||३||  

इह खलु चत्वारोऽपस्मारा भवन्ति वातपित्तकफसन्निपातनिमित्ताः ||३||  

iha khalu catvārō'pasmārā bhavanti vātapittakaphasannipātanimittāḥ||3||  

iha khalu catvārō'pasmārā bhavanti vātapittakaphasannipātanimittāḥ||3||  

iha khalu catvAro~apasmArA bhavanti vAtapittakaphasannipAtanimittAH||3||

iha khalu catvAro~apasmArA bhavanti vAtapittakaphasannipAtanimittAH||3||

There are four types of apasmara caused by vata, pitta, kapha and sannipatika (combination of all the three doshas).[3]  

There are four types of ''apasmara'' caused by ''vata, pitta, kapha'' and ''sannipatika'' (combination of all the three ''doshas'').[3]

Persons prone to apasmara:

==== Persons prone to ''apasmara'' ====

 

त एवंविधानां प्राणभृतां क्षिप्रमभिनिर्वर्तन्ते; तद्यथा- रजस्तमोभ्यामुपहतचेतसामुद्भ्रान्तविषमबहुदोषाणां समलविकृतोपहितान्यशुचीन्यभ्यवहारजातानि वैषम्ययुक्तेनोपयोगविधिनोपयुञ्जानानां  

त एवंविधानां प्राणभृतां क्षिप्रमभिनिर्वर्तन्ते; तद्यथा- रजस्तमोभ्यामुपहतचेतसामुद्भ्रान्तविषमबहुदोषाणां समलविकृतोपहितान्यशुचीन्यभ्यवहारजातानि वैषम्ययुक्तेनोपयोगविधिनोपयुञ्जानानां  

तन्त्रप्रयोगमपि च विषममाचरतामन्याश्च शरीरचेष्टा  

तन्त्रप्रयोगमपि च विषममाचरतामन्याश्च शरीरचेष्टा  

विषमाः समाचरतामत्युपक्षयाद्वा दोषाः प्रकुपिता:  रजस्तमोभ्यामुपहतचेतसामन्तरात्मनः  श्रेष्ठतममायतनं  हृदयमुपसृत्योपरि तिष्ठन्ते,  

विषमाः समाचरतामत्युपक्षयाद्वा दोषाः प्रकुपिता:  रजस्तमोभ्यामुपहतचेतसामन्तरात्मनः  श्रेष्ठतममायतनं  हृदयमुपसृत्योपरि तिष्ठन्ते,  

तथेन्द्रियायतनानि च | तत्र चावस्थिताः सन्तो यदा हृदयमिन्द्रियायतनानि चेरिताः कामक्रोधभयलोभमोहहर्षशोकचिन्तोद्वेगादिभिः सहसाऽभिपूरयन्ति, तदा जन्तुरपस्मरति ||४||

तथेन्द्रियायतनानि च | तत्र चावस्थिताः सन्तो यदा हृदयमिन्द्रियायतनानि चेरिताः कामक्रोधभयलोभमोहहर्षशोकचिन्तोद्वेगादिभिः सहसाऽभिपूरयन्ति, तदा जन्तुरपस्मरति ||४||

ta ēvaṁvidhānāṁ prāṇabhr̥tāṁ kṣipramabhinirvartantē; tadyathā- Rajas tamōbhyāmupahatacētasāmudbhrāntaviṣamabahudōṣāṇāṁ  samalavikr̥tōpahitānyaśucīnyabhyavahārajātāni vaiṣamyayuktēnōpayōgavidhinōpayuñjānānāṁ tantraprayōgamapi  

ta ēvaṁvidhānāṁ prāṇabhr̥tāṁ kṣipramabhinirvartantē; tadyathā- Rajas tamōbhyāmupahatacētasāmudbhrāntaviṣamabahudōṣāṇāṁ  samalavikr̥tōpahitānyaśucīnyabhyavahārajātāni vaiṣamyayuktēnōpayōgavidhinōpayuñjānānāṁ tantraprayōgamapi  

ca viṣamamācaratāmanyāśca śarīracēṣṭā viṣamāḥ samācaratāmatyupakṣayādvā  dōṣāḥ prakupitā  Rajas tamōbhyāmupahatacētasāmantarātmanaḥ  śrēṣṭhatamamāyatanaṁ hr̥dayamupasr̥tyōpari tiṣṭhantē, tathēndriyāyatanāni  ca| tatra  cāvasthitāḥ santō yadā  

ca viṣamamācaratāmanyāśca śarīracēṣṭā viṣamāḥ samācaratāmatyupakṣayādvā  dōṣāḥ prakupitā  Rajas tamōbhyāmupahatacētasāmantarātmanaḥ  śrēṣṭhatamamāyatanaṁ hr̥dayamupasr̥tyōpari tiṣṭhantē, tathēndriyāyatanāni  ca| tatra  cāvasthitāḥ santō yadā