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==([[Sutra Sthana]] Chapter 3, Chapter on Aragvadaha and other medicines)==

==([[Sutra Sthana]] Chapter 3, Chapter on ''Aragvadaha'' and other medicines)==

===Abstract===

===Abstract===

While the preceding chapter (Apamargataṇḍuliya) dealt with internal application of therapies in the form of [[Panchakarma]], yavagu etc, this chapter deals with the external application of medications. Skin diseases such as kushtha are systemic disorders and considered a maharoga (major disease). They require internal cleansing and detoxification treatments prior to external treatments – and hence, the sequence of the chapters. Without prior internal treatment, local treatments have limited efficacy.  

While the preceding chapter ([[Apamarga Tanduliya]]) dealt with internal application of therapies in the form of [[Panchakarma]], ''yavagu'' etc, this chapter deals with the external application of medications. Skin diseases such as ''kushtha'' are systemic disorders and considered a ''maharoga'' (major disease). They require internal cleansing and detoxification treatments prior to external treatments – and hence, the sequence of the chapters. Without prior internal treatment, local treatments have limited efficacy.  

'''Keywords''': Aragvadha, churnapradeha, pradeha, lepa, pralepa, kushtha, skin diseases, external applications, external cleansing.  

'''Keywords''': ''Aragvadha, churnapradeha, pradeha, lepa, pralepa, kushtha'', skin diseases, external applications, external cleansing.  

===Introduction===

===Introduction===

This chapter includes thirty-two types of formulations in the form of powder or paste (churna/pradeha). The paste is prepared by mixing the powder with oil, ghrita (clarified butter), milk, butter milk or cow urine etc. Occasionally, oil smearing in the affected part is a pre-requisite for such application of powder (avachurṇana and udvartana), so that the drug used gets in contact with the oily surface and enhances the rate of penetration. Different kinds of skin diseases and conditions like shopha (swelling), pain in the abdomen, head and flanks, vatarakta (painful inflammation of joints), etc. are discussed here for external cleansing treatments.  

This chapter includes thirty-two types of formulations in the form of powder or paste (''churna/pradeha''). The paste is prepared by mixing the powder with oil, ''ghrita'' (ghee, or clarified butter), milk, butter milk or cow urine etc. Occasionally, oil smearing in the affected part is a pre-requisite for such application of powder (''avachurnana'' and ''udvartana''), so that the drug used gets in contact with the oily surface and enhances the rate of penetration. Different kinds of skin diseases and conditions like ''shopha'' (swelling), pain in the abdomen, head and flanks, ''vatarakta'' (painful inflammation of joints), etc. are discussed here for external cleansing treatments.  

The three types of external applications viz. pralepa, pradeha and alepa are mentioned in this chapter. Pralepa is a form which is applied cold, in a thin layer irrespective of its absorbability. It is indicated in vitiation of pitta and rakta dosha. Pardeha is thick and it is generally applied in the form of bolus. It is applied in cold in case of pitta-rakta vitiation and hot in cases of vata-kapha vitiation. Alepa is the medium form which is neither too thin nor too thick. Thus the thickness or thinness of paste application determines its specific effect. Temperature of paste also plays role in determining effect of application. The underlying mechanism may be due to absorption through sweat pores.  

The three types of external applications viz. ''pralepa, pradeha'' and ''alepa'' are mentioned in this chapter. ''Pralepa'' is a form which is applied cold, in a thin layer irrespective of its absorbability. It is indicated in vitiation of ''pitta'' and ''rakta dosha''.''Pradeha'' is thick and it is generally applied in the form of bolus. It is applied in cold in case of ''pitta-rakta'' vitiation and hot in cases of ''vata-kapha'' vitiation. ''Alepa'' is the medium form which is neither too thin nor too thick. Thus the thickness or thinness of paste application determines its specific effect. Temperature of paste also plays role in determining effect of application. The underlying mechanism may be due to absorption through sweat pores.  

===Sanskrit text, transliteration and english translation ===  

===Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English translation ===  

अथात आरग्वधीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||  

अथात आरग्वधीयमध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||