Guna

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'The word ‘guna’ literally means attribute, property [SAT-A.125][1], quality, peculiarity, virtue, merit or excellence. It also represents a single thread or strand of a cord or twine.[2] This article deals with the guna which represents quality or property.

Definition of Guna

समवायी तु निश्चेष्टः कारणं गुणः||५१||

Guna (property) is samavayi karana (inseparable concomitance) and inactive cause (of effect). [Cha.Su.1/51]

Guna (basic properties/qualities)

सार्था गुर्वादयो बुद्धिः प्रयत्नान्ताः परादयः|

गुणाः प्रोक्ताः --||४९||

Sense objects (shabda(sound), sparsha(touch), rupa(sight), rasa(taste), gandha(smell)), properties beginning with guru (twenty properties like guru, laghu, etc), buddhi (intelligence) and ending with prayatna (effort), properties beginning with para are called guna. [Cha.Su.1/49]


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  1. Available from http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/sat accessed on 10/07/2020
  2. Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, guna, Page 357.