Maharoga Adhyaya

Sutra Sthana Chapter 20. Dosha specific classification of diseases

Maharoga Adhyaya

Section/Chapter	Sutra Sthana Chapter 20
Tetrad/Sub-section	Roga Chatushka
Preceding Chapter	Ashtodariya Adhyaya
Succeeding Chapter	Ashtauninditiya Adhyaya
Other Sections	Nidana Sthana, Vimana Sthana, Sharira Sthana, Indriya Sthana, Chikitsa Sthana, Kalpa Sthana, Siddhi Sthana
Translator and commentator	Byadgi P.S., Saini N.
Reviewer	Pol A.
Editors	Kar A.C., Rai S., Deole Y.S., Basisht G.
Year of publication	2020
Publisher	Charak Samhita Research, Training and Skill Development Centre
DOI	10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s01.022

Abstract

This chapter further extends description of classification of diseases according to criteria viz. endogenous-exogenous causes, basic nature, site of origin, clinical presentations. The specific causes of endogenous and exogenous diseases are described. The chapter further enlists diseases caused due to only one dosha with their sites of origin. This elaborates the concept distinct one-dosha categories of diseases. There are as many as eighty variants due to a vitiated vata only, forty due to pitta, and twenty due to kapha. Any effective diagnosis or treatment of these diseases would need a detailed study of the dosha, their locations and characteristics. This knowledge is provided to substantiate the importance of knowing disease before initiating the treatment in clinical medicine. The chapter recapitulates principles of knowledge of disease described in the tetrad.
Keywords: dosha specific diseases, site of dosha, management principles of dosha.

Introduction

In this chapter, diseases are classified into four types - exogenous, vataja, pittaja and kaphaja. Because single-dosha endogenous disorders can be regarded as primary diseases, they have been treated as separate types here. Exogenous and endogenous diseases, and their places of origin within the body, have already been described earlier in the Sutra Sthana and have been reiterated again here. In the preceding chapters, it was mentioned that exogenous diseases follow endogenous ones, and vice-versa. Single-dosha endogenous diseases play a secondary role in the genesis of exogenous diseases.

As also mentioned earlier, there are innumerable diseases because of many etiopathological factors as well as variations in the involvement of dosha and dhatu. Since vitiated dosha are directly or indirectly responsible for all diseases, it is important to understand their normal, or expected, functions and then the pathological consequences of their vitiated forms. By factoring in these fundamental factors, this chapter deals with providing complete scenarios of afflictions, and their recommended line of treatment. Mind and body are the sites of manifestation of exogenous and endogenous diseases. Psychological disorders are considered to be exogenous in nature. An important point to note here (though this has been addressed in an earlier chapter) is that even if some of the vataja types of diseases are caused by other dosha besides vata, it is the vata which is actually responsible for the transmission of vitiated dosha to a specific organ of the body. Kapha, pittaand the dhatu, left to themselves, are immobile in nature. Wherever, they are carried by the vata, they cause diseases, just as the wind causes rain in a particular area. Phases in the natural history, clinical course of a disease, and successive stages of prevention are described under Kriyakala.

Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation

अथातो महारोगाध्यायं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||

इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||

athātō mahārōgādhyāyaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||

iti ha smāha bhagavānātrēyaḥ||2||

athAto mahArogAdhyAyaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH||1||

iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||

Now we shall expound the chapter "Maharoga" (Dosha specific classification of diseases). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

Classification of diseases

चत्वारो रोगा भवन्ति- आगन्तुवातपित्तश्लेष्मनिमित्ताः; तेषां चतुर्णामपि रोगाणां रोगत्वमेकविधं भवति, रुक्सामान्यात्;द्विविधा पुनः प्रकृतिरेषाम्, आगन्तुनिजविभागात्; द्विविधं चैषामधिष्ठानं, मनःशरीरविशेषात्; विकाराःपुनरपरिसङ्ख्येयाः, प्रकृत्यधिष्ठानलिङ्गायतनविकल्पविशेषापरिसङ्ख्येयत्वात् ||३||

catvārō rōgā bhavanti- āgantuvātapittaślēṣmanimittāḥ; tēṣāṁ caturṇāmapi rōgāṇāṁ rōgatvamēkavidhaṁbhavati, ruksāmānyāt; dvividhā punaḥ prakr̥tirēṣām, āgantunijavibhāgāt; dvividhaṁ caiṣāmadhiṣṭhānaṁ,manaḥśarīraviśēṣāt; vikārāḥ punaraparisaṅkhyēyāḥ,prakr̥tyadhiṣṭhānaliṅgāyatanavikalpaviśēṣāparisaṅkhyēyatvāt ||3||

catvAro rogA bhavanti- AgantuvAtapittashleShmanimittAH; teShAM caturNAmapi rogANAMrogatvamekavidhaM bhavati, ruksAmAnyAt; dvividhA punaH prakRutireShAm, AgantunijavibhAgAt;dvividhaM caiShAmadhiShThAnaM, manaHsharIravisheShAt; vikArAH punaraparisa~gkhyeyAH,prakRutyadhiShThAnali~ggAyatanavikalpavisheShAparisa~gkhyeyatvAt ||3||

There are four types of diseases viz. agantuja (exogenous), vataja, pittaja and shleshmaja/kaphaja. All varieties of diseases may be grouped under one classification because pain is common to all. They are again of two types depending on their nature- exogenous and endogenous. They are again of two types - somatic and psychic-depending on the sites of their manifestation i.e. body and mind. Diseases are in fact innumerable (dhatu affected, signs and symptoms), distant causes (like improper diet and regimen), and permutation and combination of various fractions of dosha are innumerable. [3]

Etiological factors of diseases

मुखानि तु खल्वागन्तोर्नखदशनपतनाभिचाराभिशापाभिषङ्गाभिघातव्यध-बन्धनवेष्टनपीडनरज्जुदहनशस्त्राशनिभूतोपसर्गादीनि, निजस्य तु मुखं वातपित्तश्लेष्मणां वैषम्यम्||४||

mukhāni tu khalvāgantōrnakhadaśanapatanābhicārābhiśāpābhiṣaṅgābhighātavyadha-bandhanavēṣṭanapīḍanarajjudahanaśastrāśanibhūtōpasargādīni, nijasya tu mukhaṁ vātapittaślēṣmaṇāṁvaiṣamyam||4||

mukhAni tu khalvAgantornakhadashanapatanAbhicArAbhishApAbhiSha~ggAbhighAtavyadha-bandhanaveShTanapIDanarajjudahanashastrAshanibhUtopasargAdIni, nijasya tu mukhaMvAtapittashleShmaNAM vaiShamyam||4||

While exogenous diseases are caused by nails, teeth bites (of wild animals), fall, malevolent spells, curse, psychic afflictions including assault, piercing, bondage, wrapping, application of pressure, binding by rope, fire, weapon, thunderbolt, demoniac seizure, and natural calamities. Endogenous diseases are caused by the disturbance in the equilibrium of vata, pitta and kapha dosha.[4]

Three major causes of diseases

द्वयोस्तु खल्वागन्तुनिजयोः प्रेरणमसात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगः, प्रज्ञापराधः, परिणामश्चेति||५||

dvayōstu khalvāgantunijayōḥ prēraṇamasātmyēndriyārthasaṁyōgaḥ, prajñāparādhaḥ, pariṇāmaścēti||5||

dvayostu khalvAgantunijayoH preraNamasAtmyendriyArthasaMyogaH, praj~jAparAdhaH,pariNAmashceti||5||

Unwholesome contact between sense organs and their objects, intellectual defects and effects of time constitute the common causative factors for both the exogenous and endogenous types of diseases.[5]

सर्वेऽपि तु खल्वेतेऽभिप्रवृद्धाश्चत्वारो रोगाः परस्परमनुबध्नन्ति, न चान्योन्येन सह सन्देहमापद्यन्ते ||६||

sarvē'pi tu khalvētē'bhipravr̥ddhāścatvārō rōgāḥ parasparamanubadhnanti, na cānyōnyēna sahasandēhamāpadyantē ||6||

sarve~api tu khalvete~abhipravRuddhAshcatvAro rogAH parasparamanubadhnanti, na cAnyonyena sahasandehamApadyante ||6||

All these four types of diseases when aggravated get transform into each other to share common symptoms. Even then, the distinctive features of each one of these diseases are too clearly manifested to allow any confusion. [6]

Difference between endogenous and exogenous diseases

आगन्तुर्हि व्यथापूर्वं समुत्पन्नो जघन्यं वातपित्तश्लेष्मणां वैषम्यमापादयति; निजे तु वातपित्तश्लेष्माणः पूर्वं वैषम्यमापद्यन्तेजघन्यं व्यथामभिनिर्वर्तयन्ति||७||

āganturhi vyathāpūrvaṁ samutpannō jaghanyaṁ vātapittaślēṣmaṇāṁ vaiṣamyamāpādayati; nijē tuvātapittaślēṣmāṇaḥ pūrvaṁ vaiṣamyamāpadyantē jaghanyaṁ vyathāmabhinirvartayanti||7||

Aganturhi vyathApUrvaM samutpanno jaghanyaM vAtapittashleShmaNAM vaiShamyamApAdayati; nije tuvAtapittashleShmANaH pUrvaM vaiShamyamApadyante jaghanyaM vyathAmabhinirvartayanti||7||

Exogenous diseases begin with pain and then bring about disturbances in the equilibrium of dosha. Endogenous diseases, on the other hand, begin with disturbances in the equilibrium of dosha and then cause pain. [7]

Sites of three dosha

तेषां त्रयाणामपि दोषाणां शरीरे स्थानविभाग उपदेक्ष्यते; तद्यथा- बस्तिः पुरीषाधानं कटिः सक्थिनी पादावस्थीनिपक्वाशयश्च वातस्थानानि, तत्रापि पक्वाशयो विशेषेण वातस्थानं; स्वेदो रसो लसीका रुधिरमामाशयश्च पित्तस्थानानि,तत्राप्यामाशयो विशेषेण पित्तस्थानम्; उरः शिरो ग्रीवा पर्वाण्यामाशयो मेदश्च श्लेष्मस्थानानि, तत्राप्युरो विशेषेणश्लेष्मस्थानम्||८||

tēṣāṁ trayāṇāmapi dōṣāṇāṁ śarīrē sthānavibhāga upadēkṣyatē; tadyathā- bastiḥ purīṣādhānaṁ kaṭiḥsakthinī pādāvasthīni pakvāśayaśca vātasthānāni, tatrāpi pakvāśayō viśēṣēṇa vātasthānaṁ; svēdō rasōlasīkā rudhiramāmāśayaśca pittasthānāni, tatrāpyāmāśayō viśēṣēṇa pittasthānam; uraḥ śirō grīvāparvāṇyāmāśayō mēdaśca ślēṣmasthānāni, tatrāpyurō viśēṣēṇa ślēṣmasthānam||8||

teShAM trayANAmapi doShANAM sharIre sthAnavibhAga upadekShyate; tadyathA- bastiHpurIShAdhAnaM kaTiH sakthinI pAdAvasthIni pakvAshayashca vAtasthAnAni, tatrApi pakvAshayovisheSheNa vAtasthAnaM; svedo raso lasIkA rudhiramAmAshayashca pittasthAnAni, tatrApyAmAshayovisheSheNa pittasthAnam; uraH shiro grIvA parvANyAmAshayo medashca shleShmasthAnAni, tatrApyurovisheSheNa shleShmasthAnam||8||

The important sites of origin of these three dosha are as follows:

Urinary bladder, rectum, waist, thighs, legs, bones and colon are the sites of vata, with colon the most important of them.

Sweat, rasa, lasika, rakta and lower part of stomach and duodenum are the sites of pitta, with duodenum, the most important of them.

Chest, head, neck, joints, upper part of stomach and meda (fats) are the sites of shleshma or kapha, with chest the most important of them. [8]

Specific diseases caused by dosha

सर्वशरीरचरास्तु वातपित्तश्लेष्माणः सर्वस्मिञ्छरीरे कुपिताकुपिताः शुभाशुभानि कुर्वन्ति- प्रकृतिभूताःशुभान्युपचयबलवर्णप्रसादादीनि, अशुभानि पुनर्विकृतिमापन्ना विकारसञ्ज्ञकानि||९||

तत्र विकाराः सामान्यजा, नानात्मजाश्च| तत्र सामान्यजाः पूर्वमष्टोदरीये व्याख्याताः, नानात्मजांस्त्विहाध्यायेऽनुव्याख्यास्यामः| तद्यथा- अशीतिर्वातविकाराः, चत्वारिंशत् पित्तविकाराः, विंशतिः श्लेष्मविकाराः||१०||

sarvaśarīracarāstu vātapittaślēṣmāṇaḥ sarvasmiñcharīrē kupitākupitāḥ śubhāśubhāni kurvanti-prakr̥tibhūtāḥ śubhānyupacayabalavarṇaprasādādīni, aśubhāni punarvikr̥timāpannā vikārasañjñakāni||9||

tatra vikārāḥ sāmānyajā, nānātmajāśca| tatra sāmānyajāḥ pūrvamaṣṭōdarīyē vyākhyātāḥ, nānātmajāṁstvihādhyāyē'nuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ| tadyathā- aśītirvātavikārāḥ, catvāriṁśat pittavikārāḥ, viṁśatiḥ ślēṣmavikārāḥ||10||

sarvasharIracarAstu vAtapittashleShmANaH sarvasmi~jcharIre kupitAkupitAH shubhAshubhAni kurvanti-prakRutibhUtAH shubhAnyupacayabalavarNaprasAdAdIni, ashubhAni punarvikRutimApannAvikArasa~jj~jakAni||9||

tatra vikArAH sAmAnyajA, nAnAtmajAshca| tatra sAmAnyajAH pUrvamaShTodarIye vyAkhyAtAH, nAnAtmajAMstvihAdhyAye~anuvyAkhyAsyAmaH| tadyathA- ashItirvAtavikArAH, catvAriMshat pittavikArAH, viMshatiH shleShmavikArAH||10||

The entire body is the abode of all the three dosha, the normal or abnormal states of which are responsible for good or bad outcomes respectively. Examples of good outcomes include growth, strength, complexion, happiness, etc, while the bad outcomes, manifested due to abnormal states of dosha, cause various types of diseases.

Endogenous diseases again are of two types - diseases caused due to vitiation of two or more dosha, and diseases that are caused by single-dosha. The previous chapter dealt with general diseases. This chapter focuses on the latter. There are 140 types of single-doshadiseases, including 80 types caused by vata, 40 by pitta, and 20 by kapha.[10]

Eighty disorders caused due to vata dosha

तत्रादौ वातविकाराननुव्याख्यास्यामः| तद्यथा- नखभेदश्च, विपादिका च, पादशूलं च, पादभ्रंशश्च, पादसुप्तता च, वातखुड्डता च, गुल्फग्रहश्च, पिण्डिकोद्वेष्टनं च,गृध्रसी च, जानुभेदश्च, जानुविश्लेषश्च, ऊरुस्तम्भश्च, ऊरुसादश्च, पाङ्गुल्यं च, गुदभ्रंशश्च, गुदार्तिश्च, वृषणाक्षेपश्च ,शेफस्तम्भश्च, वङ्क्षणानाहश्च, श्रोणिभेदश्च, विड्भेदश्च, उदावर्तश्च, खञ्जत्वं च, कुब्जत्वं च, वामनत्वं च, त्रिकग्रहश्च,पृष्ठग्रहश्च, पार्श्वावमर्दश्च, उदरावेष्टश्च, हृन्मोहश्च , हृद्द्रवश्च, वक्षौद्घर्षश्च , वक्षौपरोधश्च, वक्षस्तोदश्च, बाहुशोषश्च,ग्रीवास्तम्भश्च, मन्यास्तम्भश्च, कण्ठोद्ध्वंसश्च, हनुभेदश्च , ओष्ठभेदश्च, अक्षिभेदश्च , दन्तभेदश्च, दन्तशैथिल्यं च,मूकत्वं च , वाक्सङ्गश्च, कषायास्यता च, मुखशोषश्च, अरसज्ञता च, घ्राणनाशश्च, कर्णशूलं च, अशब्दश्रवणं च,उच्चैःश्रुतिश्च , बाधिर्यं च, वर्त्मस्तम्भश्च, वर्त्मसङ्कोचश्च, तिमिरं च, अक्षिशूलं च, अक्षिव्युदासश्च, भ्रूव्युदासश्च,शङ्खभेदश्च, ललाटभेदश्च, शिरोरुक् च, केशभूमिस्फुटनं च, अर्दितं च, एकाङ्गरोगश्च, सर्वाङ्गरोगश्च, पक्षवधश्च ,आक्षेपकश्च, दण्डकश्च, तमश्च , भ्रमश्च, वेपथुश्च, जृम्भा च, हिक्का च, विषादश्च, अतिप्रलापश्च, रौक्ष्यं च, पारुष्यं च,श्यावारुणावभासता च, अस्वप्नश्च, अनवस्थितचित्तत्वं च; इत्यशीतिर्वातविकारावातविकाराणामपरिसङ्ख्येयानामाविष्कृततमा व्याख्याताः||११||

tatrādau vātavikārānanuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ| tadyathā- nakhabhēdaśca, vipādikā ca, pādaśūlaṁ ca, pādabhraṁśaśca, pādasuptatā ca, vātakhuḍḍatāca, gulphagrahaśca, piṇḍikōdvēṣṭanaṁ ca, gr̥dhrasī ca, jānubhēdaśca, jānuviślēṣaśca, ūrustambhaśca,ūrusādaśca, pāṅgulyaṁ ca, gudabhraṁśaśca, gudārtiśca, vr̥ṣaṇākṣēpaśca , śēphastambhaśca,vaṅkṣaṇānāhaśca, śrōṇibhēdaśca, viḍbhēdaśca, udāvartaśca, khañjatvaṁ ca, kubjatvaṁ ca,vāmanatvaṁ ca, trikagrahaśca, pr̥ṣṭhagrahaśca, pārśvāvamardaśca, udarāvēṣṭaśca, hr̥nmōhaśca ,hr̥ddravaśca, vakṣaudgharṣaśca , vakṣauparōdhaśca, vakṣastōdaśca, bāhuśōṣaśca, grīvāstambhaśca,manyāstambhaśca, kaṇṭhōddhvaṁsaśca, hanubhēdaśca , ōṣṭhabhēdaśca, akṣibhēdaśca ,dantabhēdaśca, dantaśaithilyaṁ ca, mūkatvaṁ ca , vāksaṅgaśca, kaṣāyāsyatā ca, mukhaśōṣaśca,arasajñatā ca, ghrāṇanāśaśca, karṇaśūlaṁ ca, aśabdaśravaṇaṁ ca, uccaiḥśrutiśca , bādhiryaṁ ca,vartmastambhaśca, vartmasaṅkōcaśca, timiraṁ ca, akṣiśūlaṁ ca, akṣivyudāsaśca, bhrūvyudāsaśca,śaṅkhabhēdaśca, lalāṭabhēdaśca, śirōruk ca, kēśabhūmisphuṭanaṁ ca, arditaṁ ca, ēkāṅgarōgaśca,sarvāṅgarōgaśca, pakṣavadhaśca, ākṣēpakaśca, daṇḍakaśca, tamaśca, bhramaśca, vēpathuśca,jr̥mbhā ca, hikkā ca, viṣādaśca, atipralāpaśca, raukṣyaṁ ca, pāruṣyaṁ ca, śyāvāruṇāvabhāsatā ca,asvapnaśca, anavasthitacittatvaṁ ca; ityaśītirvātavikārā vātavikārāṇāmaparisaṅkhyēyānāmāviṣkr̥tatamāvyākhyātāḥ||11||

tatrAdau vAtavikArAnanuvyAkhyAsyAmaH| tadyathA- nakhabhedashca, vipAdikA ca, pAdashUlaM ca, pAdabhraMshashca, pAdasuptatA ca,vAtakhuDDatA ca, gulphagrahashca, piNDikodveShTanaM ca, gRudhrasI ca, jAnubhedashca,jAnuvishleShashca, Urustambhashca, UrusAdashca, pA~ggulyaM ca, gudabhraMshashca, gudArtishca,vRuShaNAkShepashca, shephastambhashca, va~gkShaNAnAhashca, shroNibhedashca, viDbhedashca,udAvartashca, kha~jjatvaM ca, kubjatvaMca, vAmanatvaM ca, trikagrahashca, pRuShThagrahashca,pArshvAvamardashca, udarAveShTashca, hRunmohashca, hRuddravashca, vakShaudgharShashca ,vakShauparodhashca, vakShastodashca, bAhushoShashca, grIvAstambhashca, manyAstambhashca,kaNThoddhvaMsashca, hanubhedashca, oShThabhedashca, akShibhedashca , dantabhedashca,dantashaithilyaM ca, mUkatvaM ca, vAksa~ggashca, kaShAyAsyatA ca, mukhashoShashca, arasaj~jatAca, ghrANanAshashca, karNashUlaM ca, ashabdashravaNaM ca, uccaiHshrutishca, bAdhiryaM ca,vartmastambhashca, vartmasa~gkocashca, timiraM ca, akShishUlaM ca, akShivyudAsashca,bhrUvyudAsashca, sha~gkhabhedashca, lalATabhedashca, shiroruk ca, keshabhUmisphuTanaM ca,arditaM ca, ekA~ggarogashca, sarvA~ggarogashca, pakShavadhashca, AkShepakashca,daNDakashca, tamashca , bhramashca, vepathushca, jRumbhA ca, hikkA ca, viShAdashca,atipralApashca, raukShyaM ca, pAruShyaM ca, shyAvAruNAvabhAsatA ca, asvapnashca,anavasthitacittatvaM ca; ityashItirvAtavikArA vAtavikArANAmaparisa~gkhyeyAnAmAviShkRutatamAvyAkhyAtAH||11||

While there could be innumerable types of vataja nanatmaja vikaras (also known as vataja nanatmaja vyadhis, the 80 known or prevalent types are as follows:

1. Nakhabheda (Cracking of nails)
2. Vipadika (Cracking of soles)
3. Pada shula (Pain in foot)
4. Pada bhramsha (Foot drop)
5. Pada suptata (Numbness in feet)
6. Vata khuddata (Pain in ankle region)
7. Gulphagraha (Stiffness in ankle region)
8. Pindikodveshtana (Cramps in calf muscles)
9. Gridhrasi (Sciatica)
10. Janubheda (Tearing pain in knee)
11. Janu Vishlesha (Dislocation in knee joint)
12. Urustambha (Stiffness in thigh)
13. Urusada (Loss of movement in thigh)
14. Pangulya (Paraplegia)
15. Guda bhramsha (Rectum prolapse)
16. Gudarti (Pain in anus)
17. Vrushana Kshepa (Pain in scroatum)
18. Shephastambha (stiffness in penis)
19. Vankshananaha (sprain in groin)
20. Shronibheda (Pain in pelvis girdle)
21. Vid bheda (Diarrhoea)
22. Udavarta (reverse direction of vata)
23. Khanjatva (Limping)
24. Kubjatva (Kyphosis)
25. Vamanatva (Dwarfism)
26. Trikgraha (Stiffness in sacral region)
27. Prusthagraha (Stiffness in back)
28. Parshvavamarda (Compression in sides)
29. Udaravesta (Twisting pain in abdomen)
30. Hrinmoha (Cardiac dysfunction)
31. Hriddrava (Tachycardia)
32. Vaksha uddharsa (Rubbing pain in chest)
33. Vaksha uparodha (Constriction in chest)
34. Vaksha toda (Pricking pain in chest)
35. Bahu shosha (Wasting of arm)
36. Grivastambha (Stiffness in neck)
37. Manyastambha (Torticollis)
38. Kanthoddhvamsa (Hoarseness of voice)
39. Hanubheda (Cracking pain in jaw)
40. Oshthabheda (Cracking pain in lips)
41. Aksibheda (Cracking pain in eyes)
42. Dantabheda (Cracking pain in teeth)
43. Danta Shaithilya (Loose teeth)
44. Mookatva (Aphasia)
45. Vaksanga (Stammering speech)
46. Kashayasyata (Astringent taste in mouth)
47. Mukhashosha (Dryness in mouth)
48. Arasajnata (Loss of taste sensation)
49. Ghrana-nasha (Loss of smell sensation)
50. Karnashoola (Ear ache)
51. Ashabdashravana (Tinnitus)
52. Ucchaishruti (Hard of hearing))
53. Badhirya (Deafness)
54. Vartmastambha (Stiffness in eyelids)
55. Vartma sankocha (Entropion)
56. Timira (Loss of vision)
57. Akshishula (Pain in eyes)
58. Akshivyudasa (Squint eye)
59. Bhruvyudasa (Twisting in eye brows)
60. Shankhabheda (Cracking pain in temporal region of head)
61. Lalata bheda (Cracking pain in frontal region of head)
62. Shiro ruk (Headache)
63. Keshabhoomisphutana (Cracking of scalp)
64. Ardita (Facial paralysis)
65. Ekanga roga (Monoplegia)
66. Sarvanga roga (Quadriplegia)
67. Pakshavadha (Hemiplegia)
68. Akshepaka (Clonic convulsions)
69. Dandaka (Tonic convulsions)
70. Tama (Feeling of darkness in front of eye or fainting)
71. Bhrama (Giddiness)
72. Vepathu (Tremor)
73. Jrumbha (Yawning)
74. Hikka (Hiccup)
75. Vishada (Depression or asthenia)
76. Atipralapa (Excessive delirium)
77. Raukshya (Roughness)
78. Parushya (Coarseness)
79. Syavarunavabhasata (Black reddish appearance)
80. Asvapna (Insomnia)

(Anavasthita chittatva (Unstable mind))

Properties and pathogenic effects of vata dosha

सर्वेष्वपि खल्वेतेषु वातविकारेषूक्तेष्वन्येषु चानुक्तेषु वायोरिदमात्मरूपमपरिणामि कर्मणश्च स्वलक्षणं, यदुपलभ्य तदवयवंवा विमुक्तसन्देहा वातविकारमेवाध्यवस्यन्ति कुशलाः; तद्यथा- रौक्ष्यं शैत्यं लाघवं वैशद्यं गतिरमूर्तत्वमनवस्थितत्वं चेतिवायोरात्मरूपाणि; एवंविधत्वाच्च वायोः कर्मणः स्वलक्षणमिदमस्य भवति तं तं शरीरावयवमाविशतः ; तद्यथा-स्रंसभ्रंसव्याससङ्गभेदसादहर्षतर्षकम्पवर्तचालतोदव्यथाचेष्टादीनि , तथाखरपरुषविशदसुषिरारुणवर्णकषायविरसमुखत्वशोषशूलसुप्तिसङ्कोचनस्तम्भनखञ्जतादीनि च वायोः कर्माणि; तैरन्वितंवातविकारमेवाध्यवस्येत्||१२||

sarvēṣvapi khalvētēṣu vātavikārēṣūktēṣvanyēṣu cānuktēṣu vāyōridamātmarūpamapariṇāmi karmaṇaścasvalakṣaṇaṁ, yadupalabhya tadavayavaṁ vā vimuktasandēhā vātavikāramēvādhyavasyanti kuśalāḥ;tadyathā- raukṣyaṁ śaityaṁ lāghavaṁ vaiśadyaṁ gatiramūrtatvamanavasthitatvaṁ cēti vāyōrātmarūpāṇi;ēvaṁvidhatvācca vāyōḥ karmaṇaḥ svalakṣaṇamidamasya bhavati taṁ taṁ śarīrāvayavamāviśataḥ ;tadyathā- sraṁsabhraṁsavyāsasaṅgabhēdasādaharṣatarṣakampavartacālatōdavyathācēṣṭādīni , tathākharaparuṣaviśadasuṣirāruṇavarṇakaṣāyavirasamukhatvaśōṣaśūlasuptisaṅkōcanastambhanakhañjatādīnica vāyōḥ karmāṇi; tairanvitaṁ vātavikāramēvādhyavasyēt||12||

sarveShvapi khalveteShu vAtavikAreShUkteShvanyeShu cAnukteShu vAyoridamAtmarUpamapariNAmi karmaNashcasvalakShaNaM, yadupalabhya tadavayavaM vA vimuktasandehA vAtavikAramevAdhyavasyanti kushalAH; tadyathA-raukShyaM shaityaM lAghavaM vaishadyaM gatiramUrtatvamanavasthitatvaM ceti vAyorAtmarUpANi; evaMvidhatvAcca vAyoH karmaNaH svalakShaNamidamasya bhavati taM taM sharIrAvayavamAvishataH ; tadyathA-sraMsabhraMsavyAsasa~ggabhedasAdaharShatarShakampavartacAlatodavyathAceShTAdIni, tathAkharaparuShavishadasuShirAruNavarNakaShAyavirasamukhatvashoShashUlasuptisa~gkocanastambhanakha~jjatAdInica vAyoH karmANi; tairanvitaM vAtavikAramevAdhyavasyet||12||

In all the vataja variety of diseases enumerated, even when the inherent properties of vata are manifested partially, these are diagnosed and treated as the disorders of vata. For example, while roughness, coolness, lightness, non-sliminess, motion, shapelessness and instability are known to be the typical characteristics associated with vata, there are various other manifestations of the dosha depending upon the organ it afflicts:

1. Stramsa – Looseness
2. Bhramsha – Dislocation
3. Vyasa – Expansion/division
4. Sanga – Obstruction
5. Bheda – Separation
6. Sada – Depression/general malaise
7. Harsha – Excitation
8. Tarsha – Thirst/desire
9. Kampa – Tremors
10. Varta – Circumvention
11. Chala – Motion
12. Toda – Piercing pain
13. Vyatha – Aching pain
14. Cheshta – Actions
15. Khara – Coarseness
16. Parusha – Roughness
17. Vishada – Non-sliminess
18. Sushira – Porousness
19. Aruna Varna – Reddishness/red colour
20. Kashaya – Astringent taste
21. Virasa mukhatva – Tastelessness in mouth
22. Shosha – Wasting
23. Shoola – Colic type of pain
24. Supti – Numbness
25. Sankocha – Contraction
26. Stambha – Stiffness
27. Khanja – Lameness etc. [11]

Management principles of vata disorders

तं मधुराम्ललवणस्निग्धोष्णैरुपक्रमैरुपक्रमेत,स्नेहस्वेदास्थापनानुवासननस्तःकर्मभोजनाभ्यङ्गोत्सादनपरिषेकादिभिर्वातहरैर्मात्रां कालं च प्रमाणीकृत्य;तत्रास्थापनानुवासनं तु खलु सर्वत्रोपक्रमेभ्यो वाते प्रधानतमं मन्यन्ते भिषजः, तद्ध्यादित एव पक्वाशयमनुप्रविश्य केवलंवैकारिकं वातमूलं छिनत्ति; तत्रावजितेऽपि वाते शरीरान्तर्गता वातविकाराः प्रशान्तिमापद्यन्ते, यथा वनस्पतेर्मूले छिन्नेस्कन्धशाखाप्ररोहकुसुमफलपलाशादीनां नियतो विनाशस्तद्वत्||१३||

taṁ madhurāmlalavaṇasnigdhōṣṇairupakramairupakramēta, snēhasvēdāsthāpanānuvāsananastaḥkarmabhōjanābhyaṅgōtsādanapariṣēkādibhirvātaharairmātrāṁkālaṁ ca pramāṇīkr̥tya; tatrāsthāpanānuvāsanaṁ tu khalu sarvatrōpakramēbhyō vātē pradhānatamaṁmanyantē bhiṣajaḥ, taddhyādita ēva pakvāśayamanupraviśya kēvalaṁ vaikārikaṁ vātamūlaṁ chinatti;tatrāvajitē'pi vātē śarīrāntargatā vātavikārāḥ praśāntimāpadyantē, yathā vanaspatērmūlē chinnēskandhaśākhāprarōhakusumaphalapalāśādīnāṁ niyatō vināśastadvat||13||

taM madhurAmlalavaNasnigdhoShNairupakramairupakrameta, snehasvedAsthApanAnuvAsananastaHkarmabhojanAbhya~ggotsAdanapariShekAdibhirvAtaharairmAtrAMkAlaM ca pramANIkRutya; tatrAsthApanAnuvAsanaM tu khalu sarvatropakramebhyo vAte pradhAnatamaMmanyante bhiShajaH, taddhyAdita eva pakvAshayamanupravishya kevalaM vaikArikaM vAtamUlaMchinatti; tatrAvajite~api vAte sharIrAntargatA vAtavikArAH prashAntimApadyante, yathA vanaspatermUlechinne skandhashAkhAprarohakusumaphalapalAshAdInAM niyato vinAshastadvat||13||

The vitiated vata should be managed by drugs with a sweet, sour or saline taste, and various unctuous and hot therapeutics procedures such as oleation, fomentation, inhalation, diet, massage, unction, effusion, non-unctuous and unctuous enema, etc. The administered drugs or procedures should have anti-vataja properties and must be administered in appropriate dose and time. Amongst all the above mentioned procedures non-unctuous and unctuous enema are regarded as the most effective forms of treatment for the management of vataja vyadhi because enema enters the colon quickly and strikes at the very root of the vitiated vata. Thus, when vata is overcome in the colon, the disorders of vata in other parts of the body are automatically alleviated like the tree when cut at the root results in the automatic destruction of the trunk, branches, sprouts, flowers, fruits, leaves etc.[13]

Disorders of pitta dosha

पित्तविकारांश्चत्वारिंशतमत ऊर्ध्वमनुव्याख्यास्यामः- ओषश्च, प्लोषश्च, दाहश्च, दवथुश्च, धूमकश्च, अम्लकश्च, विदाहश्च,अन्तर्दाहश्च, अंसदाहश्च , ऊष्माधिक्यं च, अतिस्वेदश्च (अङ्गस्वेदश्च), अङ्गगन्धश्च, अङ्गावदरणं च,शोणितक्लेदश्च, मांसक्लेदश्च, त्वग्दाहश्च, (मांसदाहश्च ), त्वगवदरणं च, चर्मदलनं च, रक्तकोठश्च, रक्तविस्फोटश्च,रक्तपित्तं च, रक्तमण्डलानि च, हरितत्वं च, हारिद्रत्वं च, नीलिका च, कक्षा(क्ष्या)च, कामला च, तिक्तास्यता च,लोहितगन्धास्यता च, पूतिमुखता च, तृष्णाधिक्यं च, अतृप्तिश्च, आस्यविपाकश्च, गलपाकश्च, अक्षिपाकश्च, गुदपाकश्च,मेढ्रपाकश्च, जीवादानं च , तमःप्रवेशश्च, हरितहारिद्रनेत्रमूत्रवर्चस्त्वं च; इति चत्वारिंशत्पित्तविकाराःपित्तविकाराणामपरिसङ्ख्येयानामाविष्कृततमा व्याख्याताः||१४||

pittavikārāṁścatvāriṁśatamata ūrdhvamanuvyākhyāsyāmaḥ- ōṣaśca, plōṣaśca, dāhaśca, davathuśca,dhūmakaśca, amlakaśca, vidāhaśca, antardāhaśca, aṁsadāhaśca , ūṣmādhikyaṁ ca, atisvēdaśca(aṅgasvēdaśca), aṅgagandhaśca, aṅgāvadaraṇaṁ ca, śōṇitaklēdaśca, māṁsaklēdaśca, tvagdāhaśca,(māṁsadāhaśca ), tvagavadaraṇaṁ ca, carmadalanaṁ ca, raktakōṭhaśca, raktavisphōṭaśca,raktapittaṁ ca, raktamaṇḍalāni ca, haritatvaṁ ca, hāridratvaṁ ca, nīlikā ca, kakṣā(kṣyā)ca, kāmalā ca,tiktāsyatā ca, lōhitagandhāsyatā ca, pūtimukhatā ca, tr̥ṣṇādhikyaṁ ca, atr̥ptiśca, āsyavipākaśca,galapākaśca, akṣipākaśca, gudapākaśca, mēḍhrapākaśca, jīvādānaṁ ca , tamaḥpravēśaśca,haritahāridranētramūtravarcastvaṁ ca; iti catvāriṁśatpittavikārāḥpittavikārāṇāmaparisaṅkhyēyānāmāviṣkr̥tatamā vyākhyātāḥ||14||

pittavikArAMshcatvAriMshatamata UrdhvamanuvyAkhyAsyAmaH- oShashca, ploShashca, dAhashca,davathushca, dhUmakashca, amlakashca, vidAhashca, antardAhashca, aMsadAhashca , UShmAdhikyaMca, atisvedashca (a~ggasvedashca), a~ggagandhashca, a~ggAvadaraNaM ca, shoNitakledashca,mAMsakledashca, tvagdAhashca, (mAMsadAhashca ), tvagavadaraNaM ca, carmadalanaM ca,raktakoThashca, raktavisphoTashca, raktapittaM ca, raktamaNDalAni ca, haritatvaM ca, hAridratvaM ca,nIlikA ca, kakShA(kShyA)ca, kAmalA ca, tiktAsyatA ca, lohitagandhAsyatA ca, pUtimukhatA ca,tRuShNAdhikyaM ca, atRuptishca, AsyavipAkashca, galapAkashca, akShipAkashca, gudapAkashca,meDhrapAkashca, jIvAdAnaM ca , tamaHpraveshashca, haritahAridranetramUtravarcastvaM ca; iticatvAriMshatpittavikArAH pittavikArANAmaparisa~gkhyeyAnAmAviShkRutatamA vyAkhyAtAH||14||

Quite like the vata family of diseases, there are innumerable pittaja nanatmaja vyadhis, but the 40 most prevalent ones are:

1. Osha (Heating)
2. Plosha (Scorching)
3. Daha (Burning)
4. Davathu (Intense heat)
5. Dhoomaka (Fuming)
6. Amlaka (Hyperacidity)
7. Vidaha (Burning sensation in Mahasrotas)
8. Antardaha (Internal burning)
9. Amsadaha (Burning sensation in arm)
10. Ushmadhikya (Hyperthermia)
11. Atisveda (Excessive sweating)
12. Angagandha (Foul smell from body)
13. Angavadarana (Tearing of body parts)
14. Shonita kleda (Retention of metabolites in blood)
15. Mamsa kleda (Retention of metabolites in muscles)
16. Tvagdaha (Burning sensation in skin)
17. Tvagavadarana (Cracking of skin)
18. Charmadalana (Thickness of skin)
19. Rakta kotha (Urticarial patches)
20. Rakta visphota (Pustules)
21. Raktapitta (Bleeding disorders)
22. Raktamandala (Haemorrhagic rounded patches/ echymosis)
23. Haritatva (Greenishness)
24. Haridratva (Yellowishness)
25. Neelika (Blue moles)
26. Kaksha (Furunculosis)
27. Kamala (Jaundice)
28. Tiktasyata (Bitter taste in mouth)
29. Lohita gandhasyata (Blood-like smell (lohita) from the oral cavity)
30. Pootimookhata (Foetid smell from oral cavity, or halitosis)
31. Trishnadhikya (Polydypsia)
32. Atripti (Loss of contentment)
33. Asyavipaka (Stomatitis)
34. Galapaka (Inflammation in throat)
35. Akshipaka (Inflammation in eyes)
36. Gudapaka (Inflammation in anus)
37. Medhrapaka (Inflammation in penis)
38. Jivadana (Discharge of pure blood)
39. Tamapravesha (Darkness in front of the eye)
40. Harita Haridra Netra Mootra Varcastva (Green-yellow discolouration of eyes, urine, stool)

Properties and pathogenic effects of pitta dosha

सर्वेष्वपि खल्वेतेषु पित्तविकारेषूक्तेष्वन्येषु चानुक्तेषु पित्तस्येदमात्मरूपमपरिणामि कर्मणश्च स्वलक्षणं, यदुपलभ्य तदवयवंवा विमुक्तसन्देहाः पित्तविकारमेवाध्यवस्यन्ति कुशलाः; तद्यथा- औष्ण्यं तैक्ष्ण्यं द्रवत्वमनतिस्नेहो वर्णश्च शुक्लारुणवर्जोगन्धश्च विस्रो रसौ च कटुकाम्लौ सरत्वं च पित्तस्यात्मरूपाणि; एवंविधत्वाच्च पित्तस्य कर्मणः स्वलक्षणमिदमस्य भवति तंतं शरीरावयवमाविशतः; तद्यथा- दाहौष्ण्यपाकस्वेदक्लेदकोथकण्डूस्रावरागा यथास्वं च गन्धवर्णरसाभिनिर्वर्तनं पित्तस्यकर्माणि; तैरन्वितं पित्तविकारमेवाध्यवस्येत्||१५||

sarvēṣvapi khalvētēṣu pittavikārēṣūktēṣvanyēṣu cānuktēṣu pittasyēdamātmarūpamapariṇāmi karmaṇaścasvalakṣaṇaṁ, yadupalabhya tadavayavaṁ vā vimuktasandēhāḥ pittavikāramēvādhyavasyanti kuśalāḥ;tadyathā- auṣṇyaṁ taikṣṇyaṁ dravatvamanatisnēhō varṇaśca śuklāruṇavarjō gandhaśca visrō rasau cakaṭukāmlau saratvaṁ ca pittasyātmarūpāṇi; ēvaṁvidhatvācca pittasya karmaṇaḥ svalakṣaṇamidamasyabhavati taṁ taṁ śarīrāvayavamāviśataḥ; tadyathā- dāhauṣṇyapākasvēdaklēdakōthakaṇḍūsrāvarāgāyathāsvaṁ ca gandhavarṇarasābhinirvartanaṁ pittasya karmāṇi; tairanvitaṁpittavikāramēvādhyavasyēt||15||

sarveShvapi khalveteShu pittavikAreShUkteShvanyeShu cAnukteShu pittasyedamAtmarUpamapariNAmikarmaNashca svalakShaNaM, yadupalabhya tadavayavaM vA vimuktasandehAHpittavikAramevAdhyavasyanti kushalAH; tadyathA- auShNyaM taikShNyaM dravatvamanatisnehovarNashca shuklAruNavarjo gandhashca visro rasau ca kaTukAmlau saratvaM ca pittasyAtmarUpANi;evaMvidhatvAcca pittasya karmaNaH svalakShaNamidamasya bhavati taM taMsharIrAvayavamAvishataH; tadyathA- dAhauShNyapAkasvedakledakothakaNDUsrAvarAgA yathAsvaM cagandhavarNarasAbhinirvartanaM pittasya karmANi; tairanvitaM pittavikAramevAdhyavasyet||15||

In all the pittaja variety of diseases enumerated, even a partial manifestation of the vitiated pitta would still warrant them to be diagnosed and treated as a disorder of the pitta. For example, heat, sharpness, liquidity, slight unctuousness, all colours except white and red, fishy smell, pungent and sour taste and fluidity are the specific characters of pitta, but the manifestations of pitta could be different depending upon the organs they afflict:

1. Daha-Burning sensation
2. Aushnya–Heat
3. Paka–Suppuration/Inflammation
4. Sweda–Perspiration
5. Kleda–Moisture
6. Kotha–Sloughing
7. Kandu–Itching
8. Srava–Discharge
9. Raga–Redness
10. Gandha (Visra ama gandha) - Foul smell
11. Rasa (katu, amla and tikta rasa) – Taste namely pungent, sour and bitter.
12. Varna (harita, haridra, peeta, neela, tamra) – Colours namely greenish, deep yellowish, yellowish, blue, coppery. [15]

Management principles of pitta disorders

तं मधुरतिक्तकषायशीतैरुपक्रमैरुपक्रमेत स्नेहविरेकप्रदेहपरिषेकाभ्यङ्गादिभिः पित्तहरैर्मात्रां कालं च प्रमाणीकृत्य; विरेचनं तुसर्वोपक्रमेभ्यः पित्ते प्रधानतमं मन्यन्ते भिषजः; तद्ध्यादित एवामाशयमनुप्रविश्य केवलं वैकारिकं पित्तमूलमपकर्षति,तत्रावजिते पित्तेऽपि शरीरान्तर्गताः पित्तविकाराः प्रशान्तिमापद्यन्ते, यथाऽग्नौ व्यपोढे केवलमग्निगृहं शीतीभवति तद्वत्||१६||

taṁ madhuratiktakaṣāyaśītairupakramairupakramēta snēhavirēkapradēhapariṣēkābhyaṅgādibhiḥpittaharairmātrāṁ kālaṁ ca pramāṇīkr̥tya; virēcanaṁ tu sarvōpakramēbhyaḥ pittē pradhānatamaṁmanyantē bhiṣajaḥ; taddhyādita ēvāmāśayamanupraviśya kēvalaṁ vaikārikaṁ pittamūlamapakarṣati,tatrāvajitē pittē'pi śarīrāntargatāḥ pittavikārāḥ praśāntimāpadyantē, yathā'gnau vyapōḍhēkēvalamagnigr̥haṁ śītībhavati tadvat||16||

taM madhuratiktakaShAyashItairupakramairupakrameta snehavirekapradehapariShekAbhya~ggAdibhiHpittaharairmAtrAM kAlaM ca pramANIkRutya; virecanaM tu sarvopakramebhyaH pitte pradhAnatamaMmanyante bhiShajaH; taddhyAdita evAmAshayamanupravishya kevalaM vaikArikaMpittamUlamapakarShati, tatrAvajite pitte~api sharIrAntargatAH pittavikArAH prashAntimApadyante,yathA~agnau vyapoDhe kevalamagnigRuhaM shItIbhavati tadvat||16||

Abnormal pitta disorders should be managed by drugs having sweet, bitter, astringent, and cooling qualities. Any therapeutic modalities administered, such as oleation, purgation, fasting, affusion, massage, etc. should have anti-pittaja properties and must be administered in appropriate dose and time. Of all the above mentioned procedures, purgation is regarded as the most effective mode of treatment for the management of pittaja vyadhi. When pitta is overcome in the amashaya through administration of purgative substances, the disorders of pitta in other parts of the body are automatically pacified just like a fire chamber cools down when the fire is doused. [16]

Disorders of kapha dosha

श्लेष्मविकारांश्च विंशतिमत ऊर्ध्वं व्याख्यास्यामः; तद्यथा- तृप्तिश्च, तन्द्रा च, निद्राधिक्यं च, स्तैमित्यं च, गुरुगात्रता च,आलस्यं च, मुखमाधुर्यं च, मुखस्रावश्च, श्लेष्मोद्गिरणं च, मलस्याधिक्यं च, बलासकश्च , अपक्तिश्च, हृदयोपलेपश्च,कण्ठोपलेपश्च, धमनीप्रति(वि)चयश्च, गलगण्डश्च, अतिस्थौल्यं च, शीताग्निता च, उदर्दश्च, श्वेतावभासता च,श्वेतमूत्रनेत्रवर्चस्त्वं च; इति विंशतिः श्लेष्मविकाराः श्लेष्मविकाराणामपरिसङ्ख्येयानामाविष्कृततमा व्याख्याता भवन्ति||१७||

ślēṣmavikārāṁśca viṁśatimata ūrdhvaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ; tadyathā- tr̥ptiśca, tandrā ca, nidrādhikyaṁ ca,staimityaṁ ca, gurugātratā ca, ālasyaṁ ca, mukhamādhuryaṁ ca, mukhasrāvaśca, ślēṣmōdgiraṇaṁ ca,malasyādhikyaṁ ca, balāsakaśca , apaktiśca, hr̥dayōpalēpaśca, kaṇṭhōpalēpaśca,dhamanīprati(vi)cayaśca, galagaṇḍaśca, atisthaulyaṁ ca, śītāgnitā ca, udardaśca, śvētāvabhāsatā ca,śvētamūtranētravarcastvaṁ ca; iti viṁśatiḥ ślēṣmavikārāḥślēṣmavikārāṇāmaparisaṅkhyēyānāmāviṣkr̥tatamā vyākhyātā bhavanti||17||

shleShmavikArAMshca viMshatimata UrdhvaM vyAkhyAsyAmaH; tadyathA- tRuptishca, tandrA ca,nidrAdhikyaM ca, staimityaM ca, gurugAtratA ca, AlasyaM ca, mukhamAdhuryaM ca, mukhasrAvashca,shleShmodgiraNaM ca, malasyAdhikyaM ca, balAsakashca, apaktishca, hRudayopalepashca,kaNThopalepashca, dhamanIprati(vi)cayashca, galagaNDashca, atisthaulyaM ca, shItAgnitA ca,udardashca, shvetAvabhAsatA ca, shvetamUtranetravarcastvaM ca; iti viMshatiH shleShmavikArAHshleShmavikArANAmaparisa~gkhyeyAnAmAviShkRutatamA vyAkhyAtA bhavanti||17||

The 20 prevalent kapha disorders or Shleshma nanatmaja vyadhi are:

1. Trupti (Contentment)
2. Tandra (Drowsiness)
3. Nidradhikya (Excess sleep)
4. Staimitya (Rigidity/Immobility)
5. Gurugatrata (Heaviness in body)
6. Alasya (Lassitude)
7. Mukha madhurya (Sweet taste in mouth)
8. Mukha strava (Salivation)
9. Shlesmodgirana (Expectoration of mucous)
10. Maladhikya (Excess accumulation of waste products)
11. Balasaka (Loss of strength)
12. Apakti (Indigestion)
13. Hridayopalepa (Adherence of waste surrounding heart)
14. Kanthopalepa (Adherence of waste surrounding throat)
15. Dhamanipratichaya (Adherence of waste in blood vessels/ atherosclerosis)
16. Galaganda (Goiter)
17. Atisthaulya (Morbid obesity)
18. Shitagnita (decreased agni)
19. Udarda (Urticarial rashes)
20. Shvetavabhashata (Pale look)

(Shveta Mootranetravarchastva (White discolouration of urine, eyes, stool)) [17]

Properties and pathogenic effects of kapha dosha

सर्वेष्वपि खल्वेतेषु श्लेष्मविकारेषूक्तेष्वन्येषु चानुक्तेषु श्लेष्मण इदमात्मरूपमपरिणामि कर्मणश्च स्वलक्षणं यदुपलभ्यतदवयवं वा विमुक्तसन्देहाः श्लेष्मविकारमेवाध्यवस्यन्ति कुशलाः; तद्यथा-स्नेहशैत्यशौक्ल्यगौरवमाधुर्यस्थैर्यपैच्छिल्यमार्त्स्न्यानि श्लेष्मण आत्मरूपाणि; एवंविधत्वाच्च श्लेष्मणः कर्मणःस्वलक्षणमिदमस्य भवति तं तं शरीरावयवमाविशतः; तद्यथा-श्वैत्यशैत्यकण्डूस्थैर्यगौरवस्नेहसुप्तिक्लेदोपदेहबन्धमाधुर्यचिरकारित्वानि श्लेष्मणः कर्माणि; तैरन्वितंश्लेष्मविकारमेवाध्यवस्येत्||१८||

sarvēṣvapi khalvētēṣu ślēṣmavikārēṣūktēṣvanyēṣu cānuktēṣu ślēṣmaṇa idamātmarūpamapariṇāmikarmaṇaśca svalakṣaṇaṁ yadupalabhya tadavayavaṁ vā vimuktasandēhāḥślēṣmavikāramēvādhyavasyanti kuśalāḥ; tadyathā-snēhaśaityaśauklyagauravamādhuryasthairyapaicchilyamārtsnyāni ślēṣmaṇa ātmarūpāṇi;ēvaṁvidhatvācca ślēṣmaṇaḥ karmaṇaḥ svalakṣaṇamidamasya bhavati taṁ taṁ śarīrāvayavamāviśataḥ;tadyathā- śvaityaśaityakaṇḍūsthairyagauravasnēhasuptiklēdōpadēhabandhamādhuryacirakāritvāniślēṣmaṇaḥ karmāṇi; tairanvitaṁ ślēṣmavikāramēvādhyavasyēt||18||

sarveShvapi khalveteShu shleShmavikAreShUkteShvanyeShu cAnukteShu shleShmaNaidamAtmarUpamapariNAmi karmaNashca svalakShaNaM yadupalabhya tadavayavaM vAvimuktasandehAH shleShmavikAramevAdhyavasyanti kushalAH; tadyathA-snehashaityashauklyagauravamAdhuryasthairyapaicchilyamArtsnyAni shleShmaNa AtmarUpANi;evaMvidhatvAcca shleShmaNaH karmaNaH svalakShaNamidamasya bhavati taM taMsharIrAvayavamAvishataH; tadyathA-shvaityashaityakaNDUsthairyagauravasnehasuptikledopadehabandhamAdhuryacirakAritvAnishleShmaNaH karmANi; tairanvitaM shleShmavikAramevAdhyavasyet||18||

In all, like in the case of vata and pitta disorders, all the kaphajavariety of diseases mentioned above would be diagnosed and treated as disorders of kapha even when exhibiting partial manifestations of the dosha. For example, unctuousness, coldness, whiteness, heaviness, sweetness, steadiness, sliminess and viscosity are the specific characters of kapha. Kapha, having such characteristic properties, produces the following actions in the organs it afflicts:

1. Shvaitya – Whiteness
2. Shaitya – Coldness
3. Kandu – Itching
4. Sthairya – Stability
5. Gaurava – Heaviness
6. Sneha – Unctuousness
7. Supti – Numbness
8. Kleda – Moistening/stickiness
9. Upadeha – Coating over body parts
10. Bandha – Binding
11. Madhurya – Sweetness
12. Chirakaritva – Chronic nature of disease

All the above are the actions of kapha dosha and the same may be diagnosed as kaphaja variety of diseases. [18]

Management of kapha disorders

तं कटुकतिक्तकषायतीक्ष्णोष्णरूक्षैरुपक्रमैरुपक्रमेत स्वेदवमनशिरोविरेचनव्यायामादिभिः श्लेष्महरैर्मात्रां कालं चप्रमाणीकृत्य; वमनं तु सर्वोपक्रमेभ्यः श्लेष्मणि प्रधानतमं मन्यन्ते भिषजः, तद्ध्यादित एवामाशयमनुप्रविश्योरोगतं केवलंवैकारिकं श्लेष्ममूलमूर्ध्वमुत्क्षिपति, तत्रावजिते श्लेष्मण्यपि शरीरान्तर्गताः श्लेष्मविकाराः प्रशान्तिमापद्यन्ते, यथा भिन्नेकेदारसेतौ शालियवषष्टिकादीन्यनभिष्यन्द्यमानान्यम्भसा प्रशोषमापद्यन्ते तद्वदिति|१९||

taṁ kaṭukatiktakaṣāyatīkṣṇōṣṇarūkṣairupakramairupakramēta svēdavamanaśirōvirēcanavyāyāmādibhiḥślēṣmaharairmātrāṁ kālaṁ ca pramāṇīkr̥tya; vamanaṁ tu sarvōpakramēbhyaḥ ślēṣmaṇi pradhānatamaṁmanyantē bhiṣajaḥ, taddhyādita ēvāmāśayamanupraviśyōrōgataṁ kēvalaṁ vaikārikaṁślēṣmamūlamūrdhvamutkṣipati, tatrāvajitē ślēṣmaṇyapi śarīrāntargatāḥ ślēṣmavikārāḥpraśāntimāpadyantē, yathā bhinnē kēdārasētau śāliyavaṣaṣṭikādīnyanabhiṣyandyamānānyambhasāpraśōṣamāpadyantē tadvaditi||19||

taM kaTukatiktakaShAyatIkShNoShNarUkShairupakramairupakrametasvedavamanashirovirecanavyAyAmAdibhiH shleShmaharairmAtrAM kAlaM ca pramANIkRutya; vamanaM tusarvopakramebhyaH shleShmaNi pradhAnatamaM manyante bhiShajaH, taddhyAditaevAmAshayamanupravishyorogataM kevalaM vaikArikaM shleShmamUlamUrdhvamutkShipati, tatrAvajiteshleShmaNyapi sharIrAntargatAH shleShmavikArAH prashAntimApadyante, yathA bhinne kedArasetaushAliyavaShaShTikAdInyanabhiShyandyamAnAnyambhasA prashoShamApadyante tadvaditi||19||

Abnormal kapha should be managed using drugs having pungent, bitter, astringent, sharp, hot and dry qualities, and by means of other therapeutic modalities such as fomentation, emesis, evacuation of dosha from head, exercise etc. that have anti-kaphaja properties and these must be administered in appropriate dose and time. Amongst all the above mentioned procedures emesis is regarded the most effective form of treatment for the management of kaphaja diseases because immediately after entering the stomach, it strikes at the very root cause of the vitiation of kapha. Thus, when kapha is overcome in the stomach, any kapha-related affliction in any other part of the body gets pacified automatically quite like the drying up of crops of rice in the absence of moisture when the obstructing ridge of the field is broken.[19]

Importance of diagnosis before planning treatment

भवन्ति चात्र- रोगमादौ परीक्षेत ततोऽनन्तरमौषधम्| ततः कर्म भिषक् पश्चाज्ज्ञानपूर्वं समाचरेत्||२०||

यस्तु रोगमविज्ञाय कर्माण्यारभते भिषक्| अप्यौषधविधानज्ञस्तस्य सिद्धिर्यदृच्छया||२१||

यस्तु रोगविशेषज्ञः सर्वभैषज्यकोविदः| देशकालप्रमाणज्ञस्तस्य सिद्धिरसंशयम्||२२||

bhavanti cātra- rōgamādau parīkṣēta tatō'nantaramauṣadham| tataḥ karma bhiṣak paścājjñānapūrvaṁ samācarēt||20||

yastu rōgamavijñāya karmāṇyārabhatē bhiṣak| apyauṣadhavidhānajñastasya siddhiryadr̥cchayā||21||

yastu rōgaviśēṣajñaḥ sarvabhaiṣajyakōvidaḥ| dēśakālapramāṇajñastasya siddhirasaṁśayam||22||

bhavanti cAtra- rogamAdau parIkSheta tato~anantaramauShadham| tataH karma bhiShak pashcAjj~jAnapUrvaM samAcaret||20||

yastu rogamavij~jAya karmANyArabhate bhiShak| apyauShadhavidhAnaj~jastasya siddhiryadRucchayA||21||

yastu rogavisheShaj~jaH sarvabhaiShajyakovidaH| deshakAlapramANaj~jastasya siddhirasaMshayam||22||

A physician should first diagnose the disease and then select the proper medicine. Thereafter, he should administer the therapy applying the knowledge of the science of medicine (he had already gained). A physician who initiates treatment without proper diagnosis of the disease can accomplish the desired object only by chance (that is to say he cannot be sure of his success). The fact that he is well-acquainted with the knowledge of application of medicine does not necessarily guarantee his success. On the other hand, the physician who is well-versed in diagnosing disease, who is proficient in the administration of medicines and who knows about modalities to be used in a therapy (that varies from place to place and season to season) is sure to accomplish the desired outcome without any doubt.[20-22]

Summary

तत्र श्लोकाः- सङ्ग्रहः प्रकृतिर्देशो विकारमुखमीरणम् | असन्देहोऽनुबन्धश्च रोगाणां सम्प्रकाशितः||२३||

दोषस्थानानि रोगाणां गणा नानात्मजाश्च ये| रूपं पृथक् च दोषाणां कर्म चापरिणामि यत्||२४||

पृथक्त्वेन च दोषाणां निर्दिष्टाः समुपक्रमाः| सम्यङ्महति रोगाणामध्याये तत्त्वदर्शिना||२५||

tatra ślōkāḥ- saṅgrahaḥ prakr̥tirdēśō vikāramukhamīraṇam | asandēhō'nubandhaśca rōgāṇāṁ samprakāśitaḥ||23||

dōṣasthānāni rōgāṇāṁ gaṇā nānātmajāśca yē| rūpaṁ pr̥thak ca dōṣāṇāṁ karma cāpariṇāmi yat||24||

pr̥thaktvēna ca dōṣāṇāṁ nirdiṣṭāḥ samupakramāḥ| samyaṅmahati rōgāṇāmadhyāyē tattvadarśinā||25||

tatra shlokAH- sa~ggrahaH prakRutirdesho vikAramukhamIraNam | asandeho~anubandhashca rogANAM samprakAshitaH||23||

DoshasthAnAni rogANAM gaNA nAnAtmajAshca ye| rUpaM pRuthak ca doShANAM karma cApariNAmi yat||24||

pRuthaktvena ca doShANAM nirdiShTAH samupakramAH| samya~gmahati rogANAmadhyAye tattvadarshinA||25||

In this chapter on major diseases, the enlightened sage has fully dealt with the following: classification of diseases, their nature, sites of manifestation, primary and secondary causative factors, interchangeability and specific identity of disease, sites of dosha, enumeration of specific diseases due to dosha, invariable signs and non changeable actions of dosha and specific treatment of each dosha. [23-25]

Tattva Vimarsha(Fundamental Principles)

1. Mind and body are the sites of manifestation of diseases and get afflicted with exogenous and endogenous diseases.
2. Mental diseases (as diseases related to passion, worries etc. psychological factors) are exogenous diseases.
3. By permutation and combination, the three dosha and seven dhatu may form innumerable varieties of diseases, but only those diseases which most commonly manifest have been described in the texts.
4. Endogenous diseases of the general type (samanyaja) are caused by the combination of two or more dosha.
5. Endogenous diseases of the specific type (Nanatmaja=Na+Anatmaja=Atmaja) are on the other hand, caused by only one of the dosha
6. Even if some of the vataja types of diseases are caused by other dosha besides vata, it is the vata which is actually responsible for the transmission of the vitiated dosha to a specific organ of the body as it has been said ‘kapha, pitta and dhatu, left to themselves are immobile in nature. Wherever, they are carried by the vata, they cause disease just as the wind causes rain in a particular area.
7. Phases in the natural history and clinical course of a disease to successive stages of prevention are described under kriyakala.
8. Each dosha has its specific site of action. Various disorders are caused due to involvement of one or more qualities of dosha.

Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences)

Following tables compare dosha specific disorders enlisted in various texts.

Specific disorders of Vata dosha

S.N.	Charak[Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 20/11]	Chakrapani[Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 20/11]	A.S [A.S Sutra Sthana 20/15]	SH	SudantaSen	Vatavyadhi [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28]	Vata vyadhi[B.P Madhyama khanda 24/5-12]
1	Nakhabheda (Cracking of nails)	-	+	-		-
2	Vipadika (Cracking of soles)	Panipada sphutnam (Cracking of palm and soles)	+	-		-
3	Padashula (Pain in foot		+	-		-	Pada daha
4	Pada bhransa (Foot drop)	Padasyaropavishayadesha anyatra patanam	+	-		-	Pada harsha
5	Pada suptata (Numbness in feet)	Nishkriyatva and sparshagyatva	+	Prasupti		Gatra suptata (S/S)
6	Vata khudhata (Pain in ankle region)	Chaluka (Pain in joints of foot and lower limb)	+	-
7	Gulphagraha (Stiffness in ankle region)		+	-
8	Pindikodvesthana (cramps in calf muscle)		+	-
9	Gridhrasi (Sciatica)	Gridhrasi shulam	+	-		+ (disease)	+
10	Janubheda (Tearing pain in knee		+	-
11	Januvishlesha (Dislocation in knee joint)		+	-
12	Urustambha (Stiffness in thigh)	Urustambhanmatra vatajanya	+	+
13	Urusada (Loss of movement in thigh)		+	-
14	Pangulya (Paraplegia)		+	+		+ (as S/S)	+
15	Guda bhransha (Prolapsed of rectum)		+	-	Bhransa
16	Guda arti (Pain in anus)		+	-
17	Vrashanakshepa (Pain in scrotum)		+	-
18	Sephastambha (Stiffness in penis)		+	-
19	Vankshananaha (Sprain in groin)		+	-
20	Shronibheda (Pain in pelvic region)		+	-
21	Vid bheda (Diarrhoea)		+	-
22	Udavarta (Misperistalsis)		+	Udgara
23	Khanjatva (Limping)	+	+			+ (as S/S)	+
24	Vamantva (Dwarfism)		+	+		+
25	Trikgraha (Stiffness in sacral region)		+	Kati graha		Trik shula
26	Pristhagraha (Stiffness in back)		+	-		+ (S/S)
27	Parshvamarda (Compression in sides)		+	Parshva shulam			Parshva shulam
28	Udaravestha (Twisting pain in abdomen)		+	-
29	Hrinmoha (Cardiac disfunction)		+	-
30	Hrid drava (Tachycardia)		+	-
31	Vaksha udharsha (Rubbing pain in chest)		+	-
32	Vaksha uprodha (Constriction in chest)		+	-
33	Vaksha toda (Pain in chest)		+	-
34	Bahusosha (Wasting of arm)		+	-			+
35	Grivastambha (Stiffness in neck)		+	-
36	Manya stambha (Torticollis )		+	+	Stambha	+	+
37	Kanthoddhavansa (Hoarseness of voice)		+	-	Kanthadvamsa
38	Hanubheda (Pain in jaw)		Hanu stambha	Hanu stambha			Hanugraha
39	Osthabheda (Pain in lips)		+
40	Akshibheda (Tearing pain in eyes)		No	-
41	Dantabheda (Pain in teeth)		+	-
42	Danta saithilya (Loose teeth)		+	-
43	Mukatva (Aphasia)		+	+			+
44	Vaksanga (Stemmering speech)		+	Minminitvam /Gadagada			Minminitvam and Gadagada
45	Kasayasyata (Astringent taste in mouth)		+	Kasaya vaktrata	Rasa-Kasaya
46	Mukhasosha(Dryness in mouth)		+	-
47	Arasangyata (Loss of taste sensation)		RasaAgyatva	Rasagyata			Rasagyana
48	Grahananasha (Loss of smell sensation)		+	Gandhagyatva
49	Karnashula(Earache )	Shulamatram	+	-
50	Asabdashravana (Tinnitus)	Shabdabhave api shabda shravan	+	-	Karnanada		Karnanada
51	Ucchashruti (Hardness in hearing)	Tarswera matra shravan, alpa shabdasya tu sarvda ashravanam	+	-
52	Badhriya (Deafness )	Shabdamatrayesva ashravanam	+	Shabdagyata			+
53	Vartmastambha (Stiffness in eyelids)		+	-
54	Vartma sankocha (Entropion)		+	-
55	Timira (Loss of vision)	Vatajamev, doshantrasambandha tatra anubandha	+	Druk kshaya
56	Akshishula (Pain in eyes)	Shulamatram	+	-
57	Akshivyudasa (Squint eye)		+	-
58	Bhruvyudasa (Twisting in eye brows)		+	-
59	Shankhabheda (Pain in temporal region)		+	-
60	Lalatabheda (Pain in temporal region)		+	-
61	Shiroruk (Pain in head)	Jvaradishu ushnatvasheetatvadinam	+	-		+
62	Sarvanga roga (Paraplegia)		+	-		+ (Disease)	Sarvanga vata
63	Pakshavadha (Hemiplegia)		+	Pakshaghata		+ (Disease)	Pakshaghata
64	Akshepak (Clonic convulsion)		+	+	Akshepa	+ (Disease)
65	Dandaka (Tonic convulsion)		+	Dandaptanaka		+ (Disease)	Dandakashepa
66	Tama (Feeling of darkness infront of eyes)		-	-
67	Bhrama (Giddiness)	Vatika smritimoharupa	+	-	+		Paribhrama
68	Vepathu (Tremor)		+	Kampa	Kampa		Kampa
69	Jrumbha (Yawing)		+	+	+	+	+
70	Hikka (Hicough)		-	-
71	Vishada (Asthenia)		+	-	+ and Avasada
72	Atipralapa (Excessive delirium)		+	+	+ and Avasada
73	Atipralapa (Excessive delirium)		+	+		+(as S/S)	Pralapa
74	Rukshaya (Roughness)		+	+	+		+
75	Parushaya (Coarsness)		+	-
76	Shayavarunabhasata (Blackreddish appearance)		+( talu bheda, shrama, glani)	Shayavavta	+		Karshanaya
77	Asvapna (Insomia)		+	Nidranasha	Mashayanam	+ (as S/S)	Nidranasha
79	Anavasthita		+	+			Chala
80	cittatva (Unstable mind)						chittata

Sharangdhara – Bahirayama (vata vyadhi in Charak), Antrayama(vata vyadhi in Charak), Jivhastambha, Krostukashirsha, Khalli, Kalayakhanja, Tuni, Pratituni, Padaharsha, Vishvachi, Apabahuka, Aptano, Vranayamo, Vatakantaka, Aptantraka, Angabheda, Angasosha, Pratiyasthila, Asthila, Angapida, Angavibhransho, Vidahraha, Baddhavitakta, Antrakujanam, Vatapravritti, Sphurana, Shiranam purnam, Karshya, Kshipramutrata, Swedanasho, Durbalatavam, Balakshaya, Atipravritti shukrasya, Karsya shukrasya, Nasho retasa, Kathinya, Virasasyata, Adhamanam, Pratyadhmanam, Sheetata, Romharsha, Bhirutvam, Toda, Kandu are different from Charak. Sudanta Sen- Romaharsha, Sransha, Shramaka, Glapana, Tadanam, Pidanam, Nama, Unnama, Paripatana, Vikshopa, Sosha, Grahanam, Sushirata,Chedanam, Vesthanam, Adhamana, Vimathana, Kshoba, Pratoda, Vilapanam, Shula, Vishma parinati, Dristhi pramoha, Vispanda, Uddhathana (Opening up as a lid), Mahati svapa (excessive sleep), Vislesha, obstruction, and Trit. vata Vyadhi in Charak- Antrayam, Bahirayama or Dhanustambha, Hanustambha, Khalli. vata Vyadhi (Bhava Prakasha)- Shirograha, Alpakrashata, Jivhastambha, Vachalta, Sparsha-agyatva, Apbahuka, Visvachi, Urdhavavata, Adhamana, Pratyadhmana, Tuni, Pratituni, Adhamana, Pratyadhmana, vata asthila, Pratya- asthila, Vahanivaishayama, Atopa, Muhumutratam, Mutranigraha, Malagarhata, Purishaprivritti, Kalaya khanja, Kroshtuka sirsha, Vatakantaka, Khalli, Vatapitta krita akshepa, Apatanaka, Dandapatanaka, Aptantraka, Abhighatakshepa, Dhanustambha, Antrayam, Bahirayama, Stambha, Vyatha, Toda, Bheda, Sphurana, Karshaya, Shaitaya, Lomaharsha, Angamarda, Angavibhransha, Shirasankocha, Angasosha, Bheerutva, Moha, Swedanasha, Bala hani, Shukraksheya, Rajonasha, and Garbhanasha are different from Charak. Susruta (vata Vyadhi)- Kroshtuka sirsha, Vatakantaka, Pada daha, Apbahuka, Adhamana, Kalaya khanja, Manyastambha, Akshepaka, Apatanaka, Dandapatanaka, Aptantraka, Visvachi, Pada harsha, Hanugraha, Dhanustambha, Antrayam, Bhirayama, Pakshaghata, Ardita, Gradhrasi, Khanja-pangu, Badhirya, Karnashula, Mukminmin, Gadgad (Symptoms of jihvagata vata), Tuni, Pratuni, Adhamana, Pratyadhmana, vata asthila, Vatarakta. A.H. – Akshepaka, Apatanaka, Aptantraka, Visvachi , Antrayam, Bhirayama , Ardita, Siragraha, Pakshavadha, Sarvangaroga, Dandaka, Apbahuka, Jihvastambha, Khanja-Pangu, Vranayama, Hanusransha, Kalaya khanja, Urustambha, Kroshtuka sirsha, Vatakantaka, Gradhrasi, Khalli, Pada daha, Pada harsha.

Specific disorders of Pitta dosha

S.N.	Charak [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 20/14]	Chakrapani [Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 20/14]	A.S [A.S Sutra Sthana 20/16]	Sh	Pittaja Vyadhi [B.P Madhyama Khanda 27/2-9]	SudantaSen
1	Osha (Heating)	Parshve sthithaneva vahina pida (Pain like burn with fire in underarm)	+	-		-
2	Plosha (Scorching)	Kinchi dahanmiv (less feeling of burning)	+	-		-
3	Daha (Burning)	Sarvanga dahanmiv (feeling of burning in whole body)	Davo	-	Daho	Dahanam
4	Davathu (Intense heat)	Davathu (Intense heat)	+	-		-
5	Dhumaka (Fuming)	Dhumod vamanamiva(vomiting of fumes)	+	Dhumodgara	Dhumodgara	+
6	Amlaka (Hyperacidity)		+	Amlavaktra	Vadana amalta	+
7	Vidaha (Burning in mahasrotasa)		+	+		-
8	Vidaha (Burning in mahasrotasa)	+	-		-
9	Anshadaha (buning sensation in arm)		+	-		-
10	Ushmadhikiya (increase body temp.)		+	Ushna angatavam		Ushma
11	Atisveda (Excessive sweating)		+	Swedasrava		Sveda
12	Angagandha (Foul smell in body )		+		Dourgandhaya	Daurgandham
13	Anga avadarana (Tearing of body parts)		Avayava sadan	+		Daranam
14	Sonata kleda (Increased moisture in blood)		+	-		-
15	Mansa kleda(Increased moisture in muscles)		+	-		-
16	Tvagadaha (Burning sensation in skin)		+	-		-
17	Tvaga avdarana (Cracking of skin)	Bahya tvega matra avdarana	+	-		-
18	Charmadalana (Thickness in skin)	Sahasanam api tvacha daranam	+	-		-
19	Rakta kotha (Urticarial patches)		+	-		-
20	Rakta visphota (Postules)		+	-		Visphotaka
21	Rakta pitta (Bleeding disorders)	Doshantra samprektam rakta pittampaittikam gayem.	+	Raktasrava		-
22	Raktamandala (Haemorrhagic rounded patches)		+	Pita mandala		-
23	Haritva (Greenishness)		+	Harita varna		-
24	Haridratva (Yellowishness)		+	Pita gatrata		-
25	Nilika (Blue moles)		+	-		-
26	Kaksha (Herpes infections)	Kaksha desha gata mansavdarana	+	-		-
27	Kamala (Jaundice)		+	-		-
28	Tiktasyata (Bitter taste in mouth)		+	+	Mukhasya tiktata	Rasa katu, amla,and tikta rasa
29	Lohita gandhasyata (blood smell from oral cavity)		+	+	Mukha gandhe lohavat	-
30	Putimukhata (Foetid smell from oral cavity)		+	-		-
31	Trishnadhikya (Increased thirst)	Trishna matram	+	Kanthsosha	Sosha	Trit
32	Atrapti (Loss of contentment)		+	+	+	+
33	Asyapaka (Stomatitis)		+	-		-
34	Galapaka (Inflammation of throat)		+	-		-
35	Gudapaka (Inflammation of anus)		Puyapaka	-		-
36	Akshipaka (Inflammation of eyes)		+	-		-
37	Medhrapaka (Inflammation of penis)		+	-		-
38	Jivadanam (Discharge of pure blood		+	-		-
39	Tamapravesha (Darkness infront eyes)		+	Tamso darshan	Tamso darshanam, Pitadarshan	+
40	Harita haridra netra mutra varcha (Green-yellow discolouration of eyes, urine and stool)		+	Pita netrata, pita vitakta,pita mutrata,pita nakha, pita danta	Pita netrata, pita vitakta,pita mutrata,pita nakha, pita danta	Varna –pandu vivarjita

Sharangdhara- Matibhrama, Kantihani, Mukhasosh, Alpashukrata, Angapaka, Klama, Arati, Pita avalokana, Sheetaksha, Tejodwesha, Alpa nidra, Kopa, Gatrasada, Bhinnavitak, Andhata, Ushneksha, Ucchvasa usnam, Ushna mutra, Ushna mala and Nishatavam are different from Charak. Sudanta sen- Bhrama, Arati, Paka, Visaranama, Mado, Murchanam,Pralapan and Sruti. Bhava prakasha (Pittaja Vyadhi)- Akalapalitam, Netra raktata, Mutra raktata, Nidra alpatata, Ucchvasa ushnata, Bhrama, Klama, Krodho, Bheda, Tejodvesha, Sheetaksha and Arati are different from Charak.

Specific disorders of Kapha dosha

S.N.	Charak [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 20/17]	Chakrapani[Chakrapani on Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 20/17]	A.S [A.S Sutra Sthana 20/15]	Sharangdhara3	[B.P Madhyama khanda 28/2-5]	SudantaSen
1	Trapti (Anorexia nervosa)	Traptmivatmana sarvda manyete	+	+	+	+
2	Tandra (Drowsiness)		+	+	Achetanam	+
3	Nidradhikya (Excess sleep)		+	+	+	+
4	Staimitya (Rigidity/immobility)		+	-	+ and Sheetayam	+
5	Gurugatrata (Heaviness in body)		+	Gauravam	Gauravam	Guruta
6	Alasya (Lassitude)		+	+	+	+
7	Mukhamadhurya (Sweet taste in mouth)		+	+	+	Rasa- Lavana and svadu
8	Mukhasrava (Salivation)		Praseka	Prasekata	Mukha praseka	Praseka
9	Sleshma udgirana (Expectoration of mucous)		+	-		-
10	Maladhikya (Excess waste product)		+	+	Maladhikiyam, mutradhikiyam, shukradhikayam	+
11	Balasaka (Loss of strength)	Balakshaya,	+	-
12	Apakti (Indigestion)		-	-		+
13	Hrdayopalepa (Adherence of waste product surrounding heart)		+	-		-
14	?Kanthopalepa (Adherence of waste product surrounding throat)		+	Mukhalepa	Mukha liptata	-
15	Dhamani pratichaya (Adherence of waste in dhamani)	Dhamanya uplepa	+	-		-
16	Galaganda (Goiter)		+	-		-
17	Atisthaulya (Obesity)		+	-		-
18	Sheetagni (Mildness in digestive power)	Mandagnita	+	-	Agnimandhyata	-
19	Udarda (Urticarial rashes )		+	-		-
20	Shwetavabhbhasta (Pale look)		+	Shweta angavarnta		Varna Sveta
21	Shweta mutra netra varcha ( white discolouration of eyes, urine ,stool)		+	Shweta vitakta, Shweta mutrata,	Mala mutra shokalayam	-

Sharangdhara- Mukhalepa, Shwetavalokana, Ushneksha,Tikta kamita, Shukrasya bahulayam, Bahumutrata, Mandabuddhi, Gharghar vakyata and Achetanya are different from Charak. Sudanta Sen- Kathinta, Sneha, Uplepa, Shaityam, Kandu, Sotha, cirakaritvam Bhava prakasha (Kaphaja Vyadhi)- Kanthe ghurghurta, Katu ushana kamita, Buddhimandhyata are different from Charak

S.N.	Sharangdhara
1	Rakta gaurava (Heavyness in body)
2	Rakta mandala ( Red rashes on the skin)
3	Rakta netra (Reddish eyes)
4	Rakta mutrata (Haematuria)
5	Rakta nisthivan (Haemoptysis)
6	Rakta pitikanam (Reddish eruptions)
7	Ushnam (Increased body temperature)
8	Putigandhitavam (Bad smell in body)
9	Pida (Pain in body)
10	Paka (Ulceration)

Further reading for information on diseases

• AFMC Primer on Health (http://phprimer.afmc.ca/Part1TheoryThinkingAboutHealth/Chapter1ConceptsOfHealthAndIllness/IllnessSicknessandDisease)
• International Classification of Diseases (ICD): http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/)

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