Dhumapana

The word ‘dhuma’ (also spelled as dhooma) means smoke and ‘pana’ means to consume. Thus, the word ‘dhumapana’ means taking smoke inside. In ancient times, dhumapana was a part of daily regimen (dinacharya); wherein a specific procedure is adopted for the smoke inhalation through nose and exhaled through mouth, with help of a medicated wick (varti) containing herbs. However, currently this practice has been limited as an ayurveda treatment procedure in management of certain conditions. Ayurvedic dhumapana is generally misunderstood with the dhumrapana, the basic difference between both is that in Ayurvedic dhumapana, smoke inhalation of medicated herbs is done via nose and exhalation from mouth. While dhumrapana is mainly via mouth and exhalation through nosemouth or both as hukkah, bidi, cigarette, cigar etc.. This smoke inhalation is injurious to health and can lead to eye disorders, respiratory diseases and other complications. Dhumapana (medicated smoking) can be used for prevention and treatment of the diseases in upper clavicular region (urdhvajatrugataroga). This chapter deals with the description of dhumapana.

Contributors

Section/Chapter/topic	Concepts& Practices /Dhumapana
Authors	Bhojani M. K. 1, Jain Rahul1, Deole Y.S.2
Reviewer & Editor	Basisht G.3
Affiliations	1 Department of Sharir Kriya, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, India 2 Department of Kayachikitsa, G.J.Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India 3 Rheumatologist, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A.
Correspondence emails	meera.samhita@aiia.gov.in, carakasamhita@gmail.com
Publisher	Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre, I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India
Date of publication:	June 16, 2023
DOI	10.47468/CSNE.2023.e01.s09.141

Etymology

Dhumpapana word is made up of two words- “dhuma” means smoke and “Pana” means to consume (drink or inhale). So, dhumapanameans inhalation of medicated dhumafor treatment as well as prevention of different diseases.

Synonyms

• Dhumra

Types of dhumapana

Acharya Charak [Ch.Sa.SutraSthana, 5/58]	Acharya Sushrut [Su.Sa.ChikitsaSthana40/4]	Acharya Vagbhat [A.Hri. SutraSthana 21/2]	Acharya Sharangdhara [A.Sa. Sutra Sthana,30]
Prayogika or shamana (for preventing/pacifying diseases) Vairechanika (purgative/ cleansing) Snaihika (lubricating)	Prayogika or Shamana (for preventing diseases) Vairechanika (purgative) Snaihika (lubricating) Kashaghna (antitussive) Vamaniya (vomit inducing)	Snigdhadhuma (lubricating passages) Madhyamadhuma (Medium) TikshnaDhuma (Strong or Purifying)	Shamanadhuma (balancing) Brimhanadhuma (nourishing) Rechanadhuma (Purgative) Kasahara dhuma (Antitussive) Vamana dhuma (Vomit inducing)

1. Prayorika or shamanadhumapana (preventing or pacifying diseases)
   Prayogikadhumapana is advised for healthy individuals for preservation of health and prevention of vata-kapha dominant diseases in supraclavicular region.
2. Snaihikadhumapana (lubricating)
   Snaihikadhumapana is done with unctuous substance and intended for oleation purpose.
3. Vairechanikadhumapana (cleansing)
   Vairechanikadhumapanais done with substance having cleansing properties with an intention to remove the aggravated dosha in supraclavicular region.

Time and frequency

Prayogika	Snaihika	Vairechaanika
Two times a day	Once a day till lacrimation in eyes starts	Three to four times per day
Acc. to acharya Charak, there are eight specific times when it can be done [Ch.Sa.SutraSthana5/58] Snatva (After bathing) Bhuktva (After eating) Samulikhya (After vomiting) Kshutva (After sneezing) Dantanighrishya (After brushing teeth) Navanante (After nasya) Anjanante (After applying anjana) Nidrante (After waking up) Acc. To Acharya Sushrut four specific times to do[Su.Sa. ChikitsaSthana 40/13] After brushing teeth After bathing After consuming food After any surgical procedure	Acc. to acharya Sushrut [Su.Sa.ChikitsaSthana, 40/13] After evacuation of urine and faeces After sneezing After laughing After coitus After anger	Acc. to acharya Sushrut [Su.Sa.ChikitsaSthana, 40/13] After bathing After day sleep (divashayan) After vomiting

Preparation of medicated wick for smoking (dhumavarti)

1. Prayogika dhumapana [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 5/20-24]
   Materials: Harenuka (Aconitum novoluridum), Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla), Prithvika (Ammonum subulatum), Keshar (Crocus sativus), Nakha (Helix aspera), Hriver (Pavonia odorata), Chandan (Santalum album), Patra (Cinnamomum tamala), Twak Cinnamomum zeylanicum), Ela (Elettaria cardamomum), Usheera (Vetiveria zizaniodes), Padmaka (Prunus cerasoides), Dhyamaka (Cymbopogon martini), Madhuka (Madhuca longifolia), Mansi (Nardostachys jatamansi), Guggulu (Commiphora mukul), Agaru (Aquilaria agallocha), Sharkara, Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis), Udumbara (Ficus glomerata), Ashvattha (Ficus religiosa), Plaksha (Ficus virens), Lodhra (Symplocos racemose), Vanya (Dioscorea bulbifera), Sarjarasa (Vateria indica), Musta (Cyprus rotundus), Shaileya (Parmelia perlata), Utpala, Shreeveshtaka (Pinus roxburghii), Shallaki (Boswellia serrata), Sthauneyaka (Taxus baccata).
   Method
   
   • Make paste of above-mentioned drugs by grinding and adding water.
   • Stick that paste on a shareshika (pipe like structure) such that it’s width should be more in centre and narrow at the ends.
   • Pramana (measurements): angushtha pramana (thickness of thumb)
   • Length: Twelve angula (measurement by fingers approx.21.12 cm). (Acc. to acharya Charak) and eight angula (measurement by fingers approx. 14.08 cm) (Acc. to acharya Sushrut)
   • Dry that varti (wick) in shade and then remove it from shareshika (pipe like structure).
2. Snaihika dhumapana [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 5/25]
   Materials: Vasa (fat), ghrita (clarified butter), Madhuchhishta (beeswax), Jeevaniya gana drugs (Jeevaka- Malaxis acuminate, Rishabhaka- Manilkara hexandra, Meda- Polygonatum cirrhifolium, Mahameda- Polygonatum verticilatum, Kakoli- Fritillaria roylei, Ksheerkakoli- Roscoea purpurea, Mudgaparni- Phaseolus trilobus, Mashaparni- Teramnus labialis, Jeevanti- Leptadenia reticulata, Madhuka- Glycyrrhiza glabra)
   Method
   
   • Mix the jeevaniya gana dravya with vasa, ghrita and madhuchhishta (beeswax)
3. Vairechanika dhumapana
   Materials: Aparajita (Clitoria ternatea), Jyotishmati (Celastrus paniculatus), Hartal, Manah-shila, Gandha agaru (Aquiularia agallocha), Patra(Cinnamomum tamala) etc.
   Method
   * Prepare the dhumavarti as mentioned above in prayogika dhumapana

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