Changes

Bathing of the baby is advised to be performed using, the decoction of the bark of the five milky trees (Kshiri Vriksha), [namely Ficus bengalensis (Vata), Ficus glomerata (Udumbara), Ficus religiosa (Ashvattha), Thespesia populina (Parisha), and Ficus lacor (Plaksha)], and other fragrant drugs.  The decoction of Limonia acidissima (Kapittha), mildly heated by dipping heated gold and silver. [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 10/13], [ A. Hr. Uttara Sthana 1/6]

Bathing of the baby is advised to be performed using, the decoction of the bark of the five milky trees (Kshiri Vriksha), [namely Ficus bengalensis (Vata), Ficus glomerata (Udumbara), Ficus religiosa (Ashvattha), Thespesia populina (Parisha), and Ficus lacor (Plaksha)], and other fragrant drugs.  The decoction of Limonia acidissima (Kapittha), mildly heated by dipping heated gold and silver. [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 10/13], [ A. Hr. Uttara Sthana 1/6]

Recent studies regarding bathing the newborns opine that delaying the bath by 48 hours (from birth) was effective in preserving the body temperature of the infant.  The apt technique to bath neonates is swaddled bath, which has been found better in maintaining body temperature.  The temperature of water in which the baby is to be bathed is recommended to be kept just above the body temperature, around 37 to 38 degree Celsius.

Recent studies regarding bathing the newborns opine that delaying the bath by 48 hours (from birth) was effective in preserving the body temperature of the infant.<ref>Gözen, D., Çaka, S. Y., Beşirik, S. A., & Perk, Y. (2019). First bathing time of newborn infants after birth: A comparative analysis. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, e12239. doi:10.1111/jspn.12239 </ref> The apt technique to bath neonates is swaddled bath, which has been found better in maintaining body temperature.<ref>Fernández, D., & Antolín-Rodríguez, R. (2018). Bathing a Premature Infant in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2018.05.002 </ref> The temperature of water in which the baby is to be bathed is recommended to be kept just above the body temperature, around 37 to 38 degree Celsius.<ref>https://www.healthline.com/health/baby/baby-bath-temperature </ref>

   

   

The cleansing agents used in infants while bathing influence the skin mostly by altering the pH level. The pH of a term neonate ranges from 6.3 to 7.5, falling to 5 by 2 weeks and is maintained below 5 throughout adolescence and adulthood. The acidic pH of skin is crucial in its barrier mechanism, repair processes, etc. Hence it is recommended that the pH of the soaps should be around 5.5.  

The cleansing agents used in infants while bathing influence the skin mostly by altering the pH level. The pH of a term neonate ranges from 6.3 to 7.5, falling to 5 by 2 weeks and is maintained below 5 throughout adolescence and adulthood. The acidic pH of skin is crucial in its barrier mechanism, repair processes, etc. Hence it is recommended that the pH of the soaps should be around 5.5.  

In a study, bar soaps were found to have higher pH levels than liquids and synthetic detergents (syndets), which showed the ideal pH level (acidic and close to neutral).  

In a study, bar soaps were found to have higher pH levels than liquids and synthetic detergents (syndets), which showed the ideal pH level (acidic and close to neutral).<ref>Mendes BR, Shimabukuro DM, Uber M, Abagge KT. Critical assessment of the pH of children’s soap. J Pediatr(Rio J). 2016;92:290---5.</ref>

pH of baby shampoos is seen to be around 6.0 to 7.0. This is because there is a need to reduce ocular irritation and excessive lacrimation in infants resulting from the acidic pH of shampoo. This is called the “no tear concept”.  Despite these observations, there are no international standards set in these respects.

pH of baby shampoos is seen to be around 6.0 to 7.0. This is because there is a need to reduce ocular irritation and excessive lacrimation in infants resulting from the acidic pH of shampoo. This is called the “no tear concept”.<ref>Gavazzoni Dias, M. F., Pichler, J., Adriano, A., Cecato, P., & de Almeida, A. (2014). The shampoo pH can affect the hair: Myth or Reality? International Journal of Trichology, 6(3), 95. doi:10.4103/0974-7753.139078</ref> Despite these observations, there are no international standards set in these respects.

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===Breast feeding (Stanapana)===

===Breast feeding (Stanapana)===

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