Changes

=== Consequences of obesity  ===

=== Consequences of obesity  ===

Serious diseases (''daruna vikara'') are the outcome of excessive obesity due obstruction of body channels by the ''medas''. This indicates ancient wisdom of [[Ayurveda]] ''acharyas'', which is comparable to the impact of obesity on health perspectives of biomedical science<ref>Mishra, L.C. (2003). Scientific Basis of Ayurvedic therapy, Chapter 9 Obesity (Medoroga) in [[Ayurveda]]; eBook, published by CRC press, Taylor & Francis Group.  </ref>. We have yet to understand what they had foreseen in reference to fat accumulation around the kidneys. Decreased life span (''ayukshaya'') is stated to be an important consequence of obesity in [[Ayurveda]]. According to contemporary science, metabolic and psychological pathologies are often present together and are associated with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis<ref>Boulpaep, Emile L.; Boron, Walter F. (2003). Medical physiologya: A cellular and molecular approach. Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 1227. ISBN 0-7216-3256-4 </ref>. Affect disorders are also reported among obese binge eaters. The National Institute of Health, USA has issued an alert labeling obesity a "Killer disease" due to its health-related consequences such as coronary disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, kidney disorders, gallbladder disorders, cancer of colon, pancreas, breast, uterus, kidney and gallbladder, osteoarthritis, menstrual irregularities in females, cryptogenic cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma, insulin resistance, and physiological hyperinsulinemia. Some of the social consequences of obesity could include divorces, due in part to reduce sexual activities between partners. Besides there, transitional physiological phases such as weight gain during adolescence in boys and girls, post-natal weight gain in women, and peri-post menopausal obesity are frequently noted in clinical settings that warrant special care and management<ref> Kuniko Takagi, Romain Legrand, Akihiro Asakawa, Haruka Amitani, Marie François, Naouel Tennoune, Moïse Coëffier, Sophie Claeyssens, Jean-Claude do Rego, Pierre Déchelotte, Akio Inui, Sergueï O. Fetissov. Anti-ghrelin immunoglobulins modulate ghrelin stability and its orexigenic effect in obese mice and humans. Nature Communications, 2013; 4 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3685, site on 08/02/2014. </ref>  <ref>Grundy SM (2004). "Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.89 (6): 2595–600. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0372. PMID 15181029. </ref> <ref>Foster, W.R. and Burton, B.T.(1985). Health implication of obesity, Ann. Intern.Med., 103, 1024.  </ref> <ref>Grunstein, R.R. and Widcox, I. (1994). Sleep-disordered breathing and obesity, Clin.Endocrinol.Metab. Baillier’s, 8, 601.  </ref> <ref>Daugero, K.D. (2001). A new perspective on glucorticoid feedback: relation to stress, carbohydrate feeding and feeding behavior, J. Neuroendocrinol., 13, 1088.  </ref> <ref>Larsson, B. et al (1984), Abdominal adipose distribution, obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease  and death: 13 year follow up of participants in the study of men born in 1913, Br. Med. J., 288, 1401. </ref> <ref>Esposito K. et al (2004). "Effect of lifestyle changes on erectile dysfunction in obese men: A randomized controlled trial". JAMA, 291 (24): 2978–84.  </ref>.(verse 5-8)

Serious diseases are the outcome of excessive obesity due obstruction of body channels by the [[meda dhatu]]. This indicates ancient wisdom of [[Ayurveda]] scientists, which is comparable to the impact of obesity on health perspectives of biomedical science<ref>Mishra, L.C. (2003). Scientific Basis of Ayurvedic therapy, Chapter 9 Obesity (Medoroga) in [[Ayurveda]]; eBook, published by CRC press, Taylor & Francis Group.  </ref>. We have yet to understand what they had foreseen in reference to fat accumulation around the kidneys. Decreased life span is stated to be an important consequence of obesity in [[Ayurveda]]. According to contemporary science, metabolic and psychological pathologies are often present together and are associated with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis<ref>Boulpaep, Emile L.; Boron, Walter F. (2003). Medical physiology: A cellular and molecular approach. Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 1227. ISBN 0-7216-3256-4 </ref>. Affect disorders are also reported among obese binge eaters. The National Institute of Health, USA has issued an alert labeling obesity a "Killer disease" due to its health-related consequences such as coronary disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, kidney disorders, gallbladder disorders, cancer of colon, pancreas, breast, uterus, kidney and gallbladder, osteoarthritis, menstrual irregularities in females, cryptogenic cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma, insulin resistance, and physiological hyperinsulinemia. Some of the social consequences of obesity could include divorces, due in part to reduce sexual activities between partners. Besides there, transitional physiological phases such as weight gain during adolescence in boys and girls, post-natal weight gain in women, and peri-post menopausal obesity are frequently noted in clinical settings that warrant special care and management<ref> Kuniko Takagi, Romain Legrand, Akihiro Asakawa, Haruka Amitani, Marie François, Naouel Tennoune, Moïse Coëffier, Sophie Claeyssens, Jean-Claude do Rego, Pierre Déchelotte, Akio Inui, Sergueï O. Fetissov. Anti-ghrelin immunoglobulins modulate ghrelin stability and its orexigenic effect in obese mice and humans. Nature Communications, 2013; 4 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3685, site on 08/02/2014. </ref>  <ref>Grundy SM (2004). "Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.89 (6): 2595–600. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0372. PMID 15181029. </ref> <ref>Foster, W.R. and Burton, B.T.(1985). Health implication of obesity, Ann. Intern.Med., 103, 1024.  </ref> <ref>Grunstein, R.R. and Widcox, I. (1994). Sleep-disordered breathing and obesity, Clin.Endocrinol.Metab. Baillier’s, 8, 601.  </ref> <ref>Daugero, K.D. (2001). A new perspective on glucorticoid feedback: relation to stress, carbohydrate feeding and feeding behavior, J. Neuroendocrinol., 13, 1088.  </ref> <ref>Larsson, B. et al (1984), Abdominal adipose distribution, obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease  and death: 13 year follow up of participants in the study of men born in 1913, Br. Med. J., 288, 1401. </ref> <ref>Esposito K. et al (2004). "Effect of lifestyle changes on erectile dysfunction in obese men: A randomized controlled trial". JAMA, 291 (24): 2978–84.  </ref>.[verse 5-8]

=== Etiology, features, and consequences of ''atikrisha'' (emaciation) ===

=== Etiology, features, and consequences of ''atikrisha'' (emaciation) ===