Changes

Obesity research is focused on preventive measures and management of complications like prediabetes, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, stroke, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmia/sudden death.<ref>Singh Jaspreet & Pandey A.K. (2012): Clinical Evaluation of Pushkarmula churna in the patients of metabolic syndrome w.s.r, to Ojas and Agni MD (Ay) Department of Kayachikitsa, IMS, BHU, Varanasi. </ref>. In the modern world, obesity has emerged as a serious health issue in both developed and developing nations and is recognized as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. In 2008 the WHO estimated that globally, at least 500 million adults (or approximately 1 in 10 adults) are obese, with higher rates among women than men. Obesity is the reason for about 80% of type 2 diabetes, about 70% of cardiovascular diseases, and 42% of breast and colon cancers today. In the past two decades, the number of overweight children and adolescents has doubled.<ref>Lau D.C. et al (April 2007). "2006 Canadian clinical practice guidelines on the management and prevention of obesity in adults and children [summary]", CMAJ , 176 (8): S1–13. </ref>. The rate of obesity also increases with age at least up to 50 or 60 years old. Once considered a problem specific to only high-income countries, obesity has acquired pandemic proportions and is affecting people globally.<ref>World Health Organization (WHO) (2000). Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report on a WHO Consultation. Geneva. (WHO technical report series 894). </ref> <ref>P.J.English, M.A.Ghatei, I.A.Malik, S. R. Bloom and J. P. H. Wilding ( June-1, 2002): Food fails to suppress ghrelin levels in obese humans, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 87(6):2984–2987.</ref>

Obesity research is focused on preventive measures and management of complications like prediabetes, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, stroke, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmia/sudden death.<ref>Singh Jaspreet & Pandey A.K. (2012): Clinical Evaluation of Pushkarmula churna in the patients of metabolic syndrome w.s.r, to Ojas and Agni MD (Ay) Department of Kayachikitsa, IMS, BHU, Varanasi. </ref>. In the modern world, obesity has emerged as a serious health issue in both developed and developing nations and is recognized as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. In 2008 the WHO estimated that globally, at least 500 million adults (or approximately 1 in 10 adults) are obese, with higher rates among women than men. Obesity is the reason for about 80% of type 2 diabetes, about 70% of cardiovascular diseases, and 42% of breast and colon cancers today. In the past two decades, the number of overweight children and adolescents has doubled.<ref>Lau D.C. et al (April 2007). "2006 Canadian clinical practice guidelines on the management and prevention of obesity in adults and children [summary]", CMAJ , 176 (8): S1–13. </ref>. The rate of obesity also increases with age at least up to 50 or 60 years old. Once considered a problem specific to only high-income countries, obesity has acquired pandemic proportions and is affecting people globally.<ref>World Health Organization (WHO) (2000). Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report on a WHO Consultation. Geneva. (WHO technical report series 894). </ref> <ref>P.J.English, M.A.Ghatei, I.A.Malik, S. R. Bloom and J. P. H. Wilding ( June-1, 2002): Food fails to suppress ghrelin levels in obese humans, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 87(6):2984–2987.</ref>

Any course of treatment for obesity suggested by modern medical practitioners primarily includes dietary changes and physical exercise followed by anti-obesity drugs that help reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption. In severe cases, various invasive and non-invasive surgical procedures could be prescribed - such as partial gastrectomy, gastric bypass, banding, gastric balloons, etc.<ref>Puhl R, Brownell KD (December 2001): "Bias, discrimination, and obesity". Obes. Res.9 (12): 788–805. doi:10.1038/oby.2001.108. PMID 11743063. </ref>. However, [[Ayurveda]]’s approach to weight management is very different. Instead, [[Ayurveda]] advocates dietary restrictions according to the [[prakriti]] (basic constitution), moderate exercise, practice of yoga postures (yogasanas) and breathing exercises( pranayama), besides certain ayurvedic medications and bio-purificatory measures for its management.<ref>Pandey A.K. (2013-2014): Conceptual background on obesity (sthaulya/medoroga) & an approach for its management through ayurveda, chapter published in a book ‘Integrative approach to metabolic syndrome’ published by Mahima research foundation and social welfare, Varanasi, UP, India, 2013-2014, p.no.-47-59.</ref>

Any course of treatment for obesity suggested by modern medical practitioners primarily includes dietary changes and physical exercise followed by anti-obesity drugs that help reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption. In severe cases, various invasive and non-invasive surgical procedures could be prescribed - such as partial gastrectomy, gastric bypass, banding, gastric balloons, etc.<ref>Puhl R, Brownell KD (December 2001): "Bias, discrimination, and obesity". Obes. Res.9 (12): 788–805. doi:10.1038/oby.2001.108. PMID 11743063. </ref> However, [[Ayurveda]]’s approach to weight management is very different. Instead, [[Ayurveda]] advocates dietary restrictions according to the [[prakriti]] (basic constitution), moderate exercise, practice of yoga postures (yogasanas) and breathing exercises( pranayama), besides certain ayurvedic medications and bio-purificatory measures for its management.<ref>Pandey A.K. (2013-2014): Conceptual background on obesity (sthaulya/medoroga) & an approach for its management through ayurveda, chapter published in a book ‘Integrative approach to metabolic syndrome’ published by Mahima research foundation and social welfare, Varanasi, UP, India, 2013-2014, p.no.-47-59.</ref>

The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and consequences of extreme leanness ([[atikrisha]]), as an outcome of decrease of [[rasa dhatu]]), [[meda dhatu]], and [[mamsa dhatu]] have also been described in this chapter. The two basic approaches for management of [[atikrisha]] and [[atisthula]] are augmentation ([[brimhana]]) and depletion ([[karshana]]) of body tissues respectively. Various drug and non-drug modalities have been suggested for the replenishment of [[dhatu]] and their nourishment to attain good health. In this regard, [[Rasayana]] drugs help balance hormones, promote essential nutrition and enhance immunity to [[atisthula]] and [[atikrisha]] respectively. As mentioned earlier, this chapter also emphasizes the role of good [[nidra]] (sleep) in maintaining a healthy life. In fact, as per [[Ayurveda]], after [[ahara]] (diet), [[nidra]] is one of the three sub-pillars of life (''trayopastambha'') and has a significant place in preventive medicine because normal sleep helps prevent diseases and unwholesome sleep may lead to fatal diseases. In [[Ayurveda]], [[nidra]] is considered a [[brimhana]] (nourishing) agent that promotes physical and mental health and enhances immunity. [[Tistraishaniya_Adhyaya|[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana<nowiki>]]</nowiki> 11/35]]].

The etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and consequences of extreme leanness ([[atikrisha]]), as an outcome of decrease of [[rasa dhatu]]), [[meda dhatu]], and [[mamsa dhatu]] have also been described in this chapter. The two basic approaches for management of [[atikrisha]] and [[atisthula]] are augmentation ([[brimhana]]) and depletion ([[karshana]]) of body tissues respectively. Various drug and non-drug modalities have been suggested for the replenishment of [[dhatu]] and their nourishment to attain good health. In this regard, [[Rasayana]] drugs help balance hormones, promote essential nutrition and enhance immunity to [[atisthula]] and [[atikrisha]] respectively. As mentioned earlier, this chapter also emphasizes the role of good [[nidra]] (sleep) in maintaining a healthy life. In fact, as per [[Ayurveda]], after [[ahara]] (diet), [[nidra]] is one of the three sub-pillars of life (''trayopastambha'') and has a significant place in preventive medicine because normal sleep helps prevent diseases and unwholesome sleep may lead to fatal diseases. In [[Ayurveda]], [[nidra]] is considered a [[brimhana]] (nourishing) agent that promotes physical and mental health and enhances immunity. [[Tistraishaniya_Adhyaya|[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana<nowiki>]]</nowiki> 11/35]]]

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