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→Physical Factors
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A history of either several spontaneous abortions or offspring with multiple anomalies is an indication for chromosome analyses on both parents. Among known gene disorders, the severity of X-linked disorders differs in males and females. Gene mutations originate more frequently among males, and the frequency increases with advancing paternal age, particularly implicated are the Marfan syndrome, achondroplasia, hemophilia A, and the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.
A history of either several spontaneous abortions or offspring with multiple anomalies is an indication for chromosome analyses on both parents. Among known gene disorders, the severity of X-linked disorders differs in males and females. Gene mutations originate more frequently among males, and the frequency increases with advancing paternal age, particularly implicated are the Marfan syndrome, achondroplasia, hemophilia A, and the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.<ref>Congenital deformities and chromosomal disorders: maternal versus paternal age. Fertil Steril. 1977;28(8):888. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)42748-2</ref>
Some genetic conditions are caused by mutations in only a single gene. These conditions are usually inherited in different patterns, depending on the type of gene.
Some genetic conditions are caused by mutations in only a single gene. These conditions are usually inherited in different patterns, depending on the type of gene.
Many health conditions are caused by the combined effects of multiple genes which are known as polygenic. It may be by the interactions between genes and the environment also.
Many health conditions are caused by the combined effects of multiple genes which are known as polygenic. It may be by the interactions between genes and the environment also.
Example- heart disease, type 2 diabetes, schizophrenia, certain types of cancer etc.
Example- heart disease, type 2 diabetes, schizophrenia, certain types of cancer etc.<ref>https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/inheritance/inheritancepatterns</ref>
==Defective genital organs and supportive structures in mother ==
==Defective genital organs and supportive structures in mother ==