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→Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences )
== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==
== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences ) ==
=== Origin of diseases ===
The origin of these disease is mentioned as that of site of Pitta dosha (Pitta sthana). It is referred as the sites of undigested food substances (amashaya) [Chakrapani Cha.Chi.17/8] The upper part of stomach is referred as site for kapha dosha, whereas the lower part is referred as site for pitta dosha.[Chakrapani Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 20/8]. Anatomical position of Amashaya is from umbilicus to breast. [Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 2/17-18] where food is digested and absorbed. Therefore the lower end of stomach and duodenum, which mainly takes part in digestion and metabolism can be considered as the site of origin of shwasa and hikka. Derangement of digestion and metabolism is an important basic pathological event leading to vitiation of kapha and its manifestation (Vyakti sthana) in chest.
=== Pathogenesis ===
Derangement of digestion and metabolism (agnimandya) causes malformation and nourishment of all body constituents ([[dhatu]]). This further leads to vitiation of kapha and pitta dosha resulting in increase in vata dosha. [Chakrapani Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 6/34]
===Causes of shwasa ===
The etiological factors of shwasa can be classified as:
Exogenous factors:
Pollents (raja), fumes (dhuma), exposure to wind (prag-vata sevan), injury to vital organs (marmaghata), injury to throat, chest (kantha uras pratighat), staying at cold place (sheeta sthana sevana)
Endogenous factors:
#Vata vitiating causes: food with dry properties (ruksha aahara), cold water and drinks (sheeta ambu sevan), exercise (vyayama), excess walking (adhva sevana)
#Kapha vitiating causes: Meats of marshy and aquatic animals (jalaja-anup mamsa), curd (dadhi), Nishpav, black gram (masha), sesame paste (pinyak), heacy to digest food (guru-bhojana), milk (ksheera).
#Metabolic toxins provoking factors (aam pradoshaja hetu): irregular diet (vishamashana), curd (dadhi), food causing obstruction in channels (abhishyandi), improperly boiled milk (aam ksheera), heavy to digest food (guru bhojana)
#Factors causing defective body systems (Khavaigunyakar):Pollen (raja), fumes (dhuma), excess walking (adhvasevana), wrestling (dvandva), chest injury (Kshatashaya), injury to vital organs (Marma ghata).
# Co-morbid conditions (nidanarthakara roga): Rhinitis (pratishyaya), cough(kasa) and disorders due to reverse functions of vata (udavarta).
# Diseases causing defects in site of origin (mula sthana dushtikar vyadhi):Diarrhoea (atisara), fever (jwara), vomitting (Chchardi), cholera (visuchika),and sluggish bowel (alasaka)
# Disease provoking factors (preraka hetu): Cloudy atmosphere(meghambu), cold exposure and consumption (sheet sevana),direct exposure to air(prak- vata ), exposure to pollen and pollutants (raja), fumes(dhuma) and physical exertion (vyayama).
=== ''Hikka'' ===
=== ''Hikka'' ===