Changes

Rajanighantu mentioned several varieties of ''Tumbi'' like ''Kumbha tumbi, Ksheeratumbi, Bhutumbi'' etc. whereas Bhavamishra identified two varieties of ''Tumbi'', namely ''Madhura'' and ''Latatumbi''.

Rajanighantu mentioned several varieties of ''Tumbi'' like ''Kumbha tumbi, Ksheeratumbi, Bhutumbi'' etc. whereas Bhavamishra identified two varieties of ''Tumbi'', namely ''Madhura'' and ''Latatumbi''.

[[File:Ikshvaku-Intro.jpg]]

[[File:Ikshvaku-Intro.jpg|thumb]]

   

   

'''Latin name''': Lagenaria vulgaris

'''Latin name''': Lagenaria vulgaris

'''Preparations & Dosage''' – Juice 10-20 ml.

'''Preparations & Dosage''' – Juice 10-20 ml.

==== Botanical  description ====

=== Botanical  description ===

Tendrillar climber, upto 10m long; stem soft, hairy, angular. Leaves alternate, petiolate, broadly ovate – suborbicular, 3-5 angled or shortly lobed and dentate with cordate base, 15-20 cm across; petiole with two glands at the part of joining lamina. Flowers monoecious, solitary, axillary; calyx tube of male green, narrowly campanulate with linear, small lobes; corolla of 5 oblong – obovate, white petals about 4-5 cm long and 2.5 cm broad; stamens 3, anthers slightly fused, one of them 1- celled and the others 2- locular; female flowers with densely softly hairy ovary. Fruit of various shapes on different plants, very long and club- shaped, sometimes reaching upto 75 cm long and 15-20 cm diameter at broader end, or bottle- shaped/ dumbbell -  shaped and broadly obovoid shape, the broader end measuring upto 25 cm across or more. Seeds numerous, oblong in outline, about 1.3* 0.7 cm, broader and somewhat obcordate at apex[4].

Tendrillar climber, upto 10m long; stem soft, hairy, angular. Leaves alternate, petiolate, broadly ovate – suborbicular, 3-5 angled or shortly lobed and dentate with cordate base, 15-20 cm across; petiole with two glands at the part of joining lamina. Flowers monoecious, solitary, axillary; calyx tube of male green, narrowly campanulate with linear, small lobes; corolla of 5 oblong – obovate, white petals about 4-5 cm long and 2.5 cm broad; stamens 3, anthers slightly fused, one of them 1- celled and the others 2- locular; female flowers with densely softly hairy ovary. Fruit of various shapes on different plants, very long and club- shaped, sometimes reaching upto 75 cm long and 15-20 cm diameter at broader end, or bottle- shaped/ dumbbell -  shaped and broadly obovoid shape, the broader end measuring upto 25 cm across or more. Seeds numerous, oblong in outline, about 1.3* 0.7 cm, broader and somewhat obcordate at apex[4].

The seeds are purgative, diuretic, cooling and useful in cough, fever, burning micturition, otalgia, inflammations, dropsy and haemorrhoids.[7]

The seeds are purgative, diuretic, cooling and useful in cough, fever, burning micturition, otalgia, inflammations, dropsy and haemorrhoids.[7]

=== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ===

== Sanskrit Text, Transliteration with English Translation ==

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We shall now expound the chapter entitled ‘The Pharmaceutical preparations of the bottle gourd.’

Now we shall expound the chapter "Jeemutaka kalpa"(Pharmaceutical preparations of Jeemutaka). Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

Thus said Lord Atreya. [1-2]

Note: Jeemutaka is bottle gourd.

==== Synonyms and qualities ====

=== Synonyms and qualities ===

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I shall now describe the proven preparation of the bottle gourd and the type of the patient for whom it is recommended. The bottle gourd is also known by the names of ''lamba ,katukalabu, thumbi, pindaphala, ikshvaku'' and ''phalini''. [3-4]

I shall now describe the proven preparation of the bottle gourd and the type of the patient for whom it is recommended. The bottle gourd is also known by the names of ''lamba ,katukalabu, thumbi, pindaphala, ikshvaku'' and ''phalini''. [3-4]

==== Indications ====

=== Indications ===

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It is recommended for purpose of emesis in patients suffering from cough, dyspnea, poisoning, vomiting and fever as well as in patients reduced due to diseases of ''kapha'' or fainting. [4]

It is recommended for purpose of emesis in patients suffering from cough, dyspnea, poisoning, vomiting and fever as well as in patients reduced due to diseases of ''kapha'' or fainting. [4]

==== Various preparations ====

=== Various preparations ===

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A portion of the paste of the bottle gourd seeds mixed with meat soup should be taken in ''gulma, meha'' and ''praseka''. By this, person vomits well without getting exhausted. [20]

A portion of the paste of the bottle gourd seeds mixed with meat soup should be taken in ''gulma, meha'' and ''praseka''. By this, person vomits well without getting exhausted. [20]

==== Summary ====

=== Summary ===

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Thus, in the section on ''ikshvaku kalpa'' pharmaceutics, in the treatise compiled by Agnivesha and redacted by Charaka, the third chapter entitled 'The Pharmaceutics of the bottle gourd' not being available, the same as restored by Dridhabala is completed.[23]

Thus, in the section on ''ikshvaku kalpa'' pharmaceutics, in the treatise compiled by Agnivesha and redacted by Charaka, the third chapter entitled 'The Pharmaceutics of the bottle gourd' not being available, the same as restored by Dridhabala is completed.[23]

=== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles)===

== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles)==

*''Ikshvaku'' (Lagenaria siceraria) is used as emetic in various diseases originated from vitiation of ''kapha'' and ''pitta''.

*''Ikshvaku'' (Lagenaria siceraria) is used as emetic in various diseases originated from vitiation of ''kapha'' and ''pitta''.

===''Vidhi Vimarsha'' (Applied Inferences)===

==''Vidhi Vimarsha'' (Applied Inferences)==

==== Pharmacological activities [8] ====

=== Pharmacological activities [8] ===

Anti-hyperglycemic activity, anti-oxidant activity, anti-hyperlipidemic, cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, hyperthyroidism, hyperglycemia, lipid peroxidation, anti-cancer, CNS depressant activity, hypertensive activity.

Anti-hyperglycemic activity, anti-oxidant activity, anti-hyperlipidemic, cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, hyperthyroidism, hyperglycemia, lipid peroxidation, anti-cancer, CNS depressant activity, hypertensive activity.

==== Research works ====

=== Research works ===

*Anthelmintic activity: Ethanolic extract of seeds exhibited potent anthelmintic activity against tapeworm  (hymenolepis nana).[9]

*Anthelmintic activity: Ethanolic extract of seeds exhibited potent anthelmintic activity against tapeworm  (hymenolepis nana).[9]

Future research:  Clinical trial should be conducted especially as emetic in diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia and liver disorders.

Future research:  Clinical trial should be conducted especially as emetic in diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia and liver disorders.

=== Reference ===

== Reference ==

#Prof. K.C. Chunekar, Commentator, Late Dr. G.S. Pandey, editor, Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Revised and enlarged edition 2010, Shakavarga, Chaukhamba Bharati Acadamy, Varanasi, pp 682

#Prof. K.C. Chunekar, Commentator, Late Dr. G.S. Pandey, editor, Bhavamishra, Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Revised and enlarged edition 2010, Shakavarga, Chaukhamba Bharati Acadamy, Varanasi, pp 682

#Rakesh P Prajapati, Manisha Kalariya, Sachin K parmar, Navin R sheth Phytochemical and pharmacological review of legenaria siceraria , J [[Ayurveda]] Integr Med . 2010 volume1/issue 4/ page 266-272 http://www.iaim.in/text.asp?20101/4/266-272/74431

#Rakesh P Prajapati, Manisha Kalariya, Sachin K parmar, Navin R sheth Phytochemical and pharmacological review of legenaria siceraria , J [[Ayurveda]] Integr Med . 2010 volume1/issue 4/ page 266-272 http://www.iaim.in/text.asp?20101/4/266-272/74431

=== Glossary ===

== Glossary ==

#प्रतम (Pratama)- Fainting  

#प्रतम (Pratama)- Fainting