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=== Introduction ===

== Introduction ==

After explaining the [[Atisara Chikitsa]] (treatment of diarrhea), there is description of [[Chhardi Chikitsa]]. The word ''chhardi'' is derived from the root ''chhard vamane''. The word ''chhad'' means gripping (''avritta'' or ''achhadana'') and ''ard'' means pain (''peedha'')<ref>Shastri Suderashan, Madhava Nidana of Madhavakara, Chardi -15 Madhukosh Tika. 4th Edition, 1975, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi</ref>.  The other words like ''chhardah, chhardana, chhardi, chhardika,'' etc. are considered as the synonyms of ''chhardi''.<ref>Charaka chandrika Hindi Vyakhya- Visheshs Vaktavya by Bramhanand Tripathi on Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 20/1-1</ref>  The words ''chhardi'' and ''vamana'', both are used in the sense of vomiting but have basic difference. ''Chhardi'' is a pathological condition where the sufferer is exposed to particular predisposing factors for vomiting and as a result suffers from the particular condition called ''chhardi''. On the other hand ''vamana'' is one of the purification therapies of [[Panchakarma]] (five purification procedures in [[Ayurveda]]) where the physician intends to induce vomiting to expel out vitiated ''kapha'' and ''pitta''. In general, the vitiated ''doshas'' accumulate in stomach and are thrown out from the body through various channels. There are two major channels from which the body generally does such excretary mechanism.<ref>Shastri Ambika Dutt, Sushruta Samhita, Hindi commentary by Kaviraj 5th Edition, 1982, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi, Susruta Shareera 5/ 10</ref>  The one is adhomārga (excretion through downword channel) for which the description of ''atisara'' is given in previous chapter and the other one is ''urdhvabhaga'' (excretion through upward channel) where the description of ''chhardi'' is discussed here.  ''Chhardi'' comes under the category of ''koshtha rasayani shrita vyadhi'' (diseases of GI tract)  whose roots are in ''mahasrotas'' (GI tract) and ''manovaha'' (mind) ''srotasa''. The ''amashaya'' and ''rasayani'' are the involved ''avayavas'' (organs) in this disease.<ref>Charaka Samhita:  [[Ayurveda]] Dipika Commentry by Chakrapani Chaukhamba Sankshrit Series, Varanasi Vimanasthana 5/7-3.</ref>  The management of this disease is by the pharmacological treatment through various herbs/combinations, dietary modifications and psychological counseling. The preventive aspect includes avoidance of causative factors and enhancement in psychological strength to specific items/factors.<ref>Charaka Samhita:  [[Ayurveda]] Dipika Commentry by Chakrapani Chaukhamba Sankshrit Series, Varanasi, Vimana sthana 5/25.</ref>  The curative treatment focuses on pharmacotherapy depending upon ''dosha'' dominance and mild ''samshodhana'' (expelling out the vitiated ''dosha'').

After explaining the [[Atisara Chikitsa]] (treatment of diarrhea), there is description of [[Chhardi Chikitsa]]. The word ''chhardi'' is derived from the root ''chhard vamane''. The word ''chhad'' means gripping (''avritta'' or ''achhadana'') and ''ard'' means pain (''peedha'')<ref>Shastri Suderashan, Madhava Nidana of Madhavakara, Chardi -15 Madhukosh Tika. 4th Edition, 1975, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi</ref>.  The other words like ''chhardah, chhardana, chhardi, chhardika,'' etc. are considered as the synonyms of ''chhardi''.<ref>Charaka chandrika Hindi Vyakhya- Visheshs Vaktavya by Bramhanand Tripathi on Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 20/1-1</ref>  The words ''chhardi'' and ''vamana'', both are used in the sense of vomiting but have basic difference. ''Chhardi'' is a pathological condition where the sufferer is exposed to particular predisposing factors for vomiting and as a result suffers from the particular condition called ''chhardi''. On the other hand ''vamana'' is one of the purification therapies of [[Panchakarma]] (five purification procedures in [[Ayurveda]]) where the physician intends to induce vomiting to expel out vitiated ''kapha'' and ''pitta''. In general, the vitiated ''doshas'' accumulate in stomach and are thrown out from the body through various channels. There are two major channels from which the body generally does such excretary mechanism.<ref>Shastri Ambika Dutt, Sushruta Samhita, Hindi commentary by Kaviraj 5th Edition, 1982, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series, Varanasi, Susruta Shareera 5/ 10</ref>  The one is adhomārga (excretion through downword channel) for which the description of ''atisara'' is given in previous chapter and the other one is ''urdhvabhaga'' (excretion through upward channel) where the description of ''chhardi'' is discussed here.  ''Chhardi'' comes under the category of ''koshtha rasayani shrita vyadhi'' (diseases of GI tract)  whose roots are in ''mahasrotas'' (GI tract) and ''manovaha'' (mind) ''srotasa''. The ''amashaya'' and ''rasayani'' are the involved ''avayavas'' (organs) in this disease.<ref>Charaka Samhita:  [[Ayurveda]] Dipika Commentry by Chakrapani Chaukhamba Sankshrit Series, Varanasi Vimanasthana 5/7-3.</ref>  The management of this disease is by the pharmacological treatment through various herbs/combinations, dietary modifications and psychological counseling. The preventive aspect includes avoidance of causative factors and enhancement in psychological strength to specific items/factors.<ref>Charaka Samhita:  [[Ayurveda]] Dipika Commentry by Chakrapani Chaukhamba Sankshrit Series, Varanasi, Vimana sthana 5/25.</ref>  The curative treatment focuses on pharmacotherapy depending upon ''dosha'' dominance and mild ''samshodhana'' (expelling out the vitiated ''dosha'').