Changes

#''Vata'' – its merits and demerits; the above mentioned four chapters constitute the tetrad on the physician, medicine, etc.;

#''Vata'' – its merits and demerits; the above mentioned four chapters constitute the tetrad on the physician, medicine, etc.;

#Oleation;  

#Oleation;  

#Fomentation; 15. requirements of a physician; 16. duties of a physician; The above mentioned four chapters constitute the tetrad on therapeutic measures. 17. Enumeration of diseases relating to the head; 18. Three types of swelling; 19. Eight abdominal diseases; 20. The major chapter on the enumeration of diseases; The above mentioned four chapters constitute the tetrad on diseases. 21. Eight types of inappreciable persons; 22. Lightening and nourishing therapies; 23. Refreshing regimen; 24. Blood purification and the regimen, therefore; The above mentioned four chapters constitute the tetrad on therapeutics. 25. Origin of man and his diseases; 26. Discourse among Atreya, Bhadrakapya, etc. 27. Properties of diets and drinks; 28. Various types of diets and drinks; The above mentioned four chapters constitute the tetrad on dietetics. Finally, the last two chapters deal with ten seats of life forces and the ten vital roots in the heart respectively. Thus, the [[Sutra Sthana]] constitutes of seven tetrads (each containing four chapters) on drugs, maintenance of positive health, physicians including medicines, etc., therapeutics measures, diseases, some of the fundamental pillars of health management – medicines, physicians, therapeutics, and dietetics are described consecutively. The first section, as well as the entire treatise, is summarized in the last two chapters. Thus, the first section of thirty chapters is very important. The [[Sutra Sthana]], with its 30 chapters, can be regarded as the brain of the whole treatise and is also known as the shloka section.  

#Fomentation;  

The [[Nidana Sthana]], or the section on the diagnosis of diseases, includes a detailed study of jwara (fever), raktapitta (a condition characterized by bleeding from various parts of the body), gulma (abdominal tumour), meha (obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes mellitus), kushtha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy), shosha (consumption), unmada (insanity) and apasmara (epilepsy). The [[Nidana Sthana]] or the section on the diagnosis of diseases contains the above eight chapters providing for the diagnosis of the said ailments.  

#Requirements of a physician;  

This forms the basis for the subsequent section of the [[Vimana Sthana]] that addresses specific topics of rasa or taste, trividhakuksiya (three factions of the stomach capacity), janapadodhvasima (epidemic diseases), trividharogavisesavijnana (three factors for the specific determination of diseases), strotas (channels of circulation), roganika (classification of diseases), vyadhitarupiya (classification of patients), and rogabhishagjitiya (treatment of diseases).  

#Duties of a physician; The above mentioned four chapters constitute the tetrad on therapeutic measures.  

[[Vimana Sthana]] is followed by the [[Sharira Sthana]] (the section on anatomy including embryology) which includes katidhapurusiya (classification of constituents of the individuals), atulyagotriya (exogamy), khuddikagarbhavakranti (minor chapter on the formation of foetus), mahatigarbhavakranti (major chapter on the formation of foetus), purushavichaya (individual self as a replica of the universal self), shariravichaya (analysis of the body), sharirasamkhya (enumeration of the organs of the body), and jatisutriya (process of delivery).  

#Enumeration of diseases relating to the head;  

The [[Sharira Sthana]] is followed by [[Indriya Sthana]] (prognosis of diseases) which includes the following 12 chapters: Vanasvariya (prognosis indicated by complexion and voice); Puspitaka (infallibility of prognostic signs and symptoms); Parimarsana (prognosis indicated by palpation); Indriyanika (prognosis indicated by the function of sense organs); Purvarupiya (prognosis indicated by premonitory symptoms); Katamanishaririya (prognosis indicated by the nature of diseases); pannarupity (prognosis indicated by the distorted images in the pupil); Avaksirasiya (prognosis indicated by symptoms like the inverted reflection of images in the pupil); Yasyasyavanimittiya (prognosis indicated by such signs as dark-blue colour of the eye etc.); Sadyomaraniya (prognostic signs of imminent death); Anujyotiya (prognosis indicated by signs like loss of the complexion of the body); and Gomayachurniya (prognosis indicated by signs like the appearance of powder like thing in the head resembling that of cow dung cake). [[Indriya Sthana]] or the section on the prognosis of diseases has twelve chapters dealing with the above topics.

#Three types of swelling;  

#Eight abdominal diseases;  

#The major chapter on the enumeration of diseases; The above mentioned four chapters constitute the tetrad on diseases.  

#Eight types of inappreciable persons;  

#Lightening and nourishing therapies;  

#Refreshing regimen;  

#Blood purification and the regimen, therefore; The above mentioned four chapters constitute the tetrad on therapeutics.  

#Origin of man and his diseases;  

#Discourse among Atreya, Bhadrakapya, etc.  

#Properties of diets and drinks;  

#Various types of diets and drinks; The above mentioned four chapters constitute the tetrad on dietetics.  

 

Finally, the last two chapters deal with ten seats of life forces and the ten vital roots in the heart respectively. Thus, the [[Sutra Sthana]] constitutes of seven tetrads (each containing four chapters) on drugs, maintenance of positive health, physicians including medicines, etc., therapeutics measures, diseases, some of the fundamental pillars of health management – medicines, physicians, therapeutics, and dietetics are described consecutively. The first section, as well as the entire treatise, is summarized in the last two chapters. Thus, the first section of thirty chapters is very important. The [[Sutra Sthana]], with its 30 chapters, can be regarded as the brain of the whole treatise and is also known as the ''shloka'' section.  

 

The [[Nidana Sthana]], or the section on the diagnosis of diseases, includes a detailed study of ''jwara'' (fever), ''raktapitta'' (a condition characterized by bleeding from various parts of the body), ''gulma'' (abdominal tumour), ''meha'' (obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes mellitus), ''kushtha'' (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy), ''shosha'' (consumption), ''unmada'' (insanity) and ''apasmara'' (epilepsy). The [[Nidana Sthana]] or the section on the diagnosis of diseases contains the above eight chapters providing for the diagnosis of the said ailments.  

 

This forms the basis for the subsequent section of the [[Vimana Sthana]] that addresses specific topics of ''rasa'' or taste, ''trividhakuksiya'' (three factions of the stomach capacity), ''janapadodhvasma'' (epidemic diseases), ''trividharogavisesavijnana'' (three factors for the specific determination of diseases), strotas (channels of circulation), roganika (classification of diseases), ''vyadhitarupiya'' (classification of patients), and ''rogabhishagjitiya'' (treatment of diseases).  

 

[[Vimana Sthana]] is followed by the [[Sharira Sthana]] (the section on anatomy including embryology) which includes ''katidhapurusiya'' (classification of constituents of the individuals), ''atulyagotriya'' (exogamy), ''khuddikagarbhavakranti'' (minor chapter on the formation of foetus), ''mahatigarbhavakranti'' (major chapter on the formation of foetus), ''purushavichaya'' (individual self as a replica of the universal self), ''shariravichaya'' (analysis of the body), ''sharirasamkhya'' (enumeration of the organs of the body), and ''jatisutriya'' (process of delivery).  

 

The [[Sharira Sthana]] is followed by [[Indriya Sthana]] (prognosis of diseases) which includes the following 12 chapters: ''Vanasvariya'' (prognosis indicated by complexion and voice); ''Puspitaka'' (infallibility of prognostic signs and symptoms); ''Parimarsana'' (prognosis indicated by palpation); ''Indriyanika'' (prognosis indicated by the function of sense organs); ''Purvarupiya'' (prognosis indicated by premonitory symptoms); Katamanishaririya (prognosis indicated by the nature of diseases); pannarupity (prognosis indicated by the distorted images in the pupil); Avaksirasiya (prognosis indicated by symptoms like the inverted reflection of images in the pupil); Yasyasyavanimittiya (prognosis indicated by such signs as dark-blue colour of the eye etc.); Sadyomaraniya (prognostic signs of imminent death); Anujyotiya (prognosis indicated by signs like loss of the complexion of the body); and Gomayachurniya (prognosis indicated by signs like the appearance of powder like thing in the head resembling that of cow dung cake). [[Indriya Sthana]] or the section on the prognosis of diseases has twelve chapters dealing with the above topics.

The [[Chikitsa Sthana]] (section on therapeutics) follows [[Indriya Sthana]] with the following 30 chapters. The first two chapters deal with rejuvenation therapies and aphrodisiacs respectively and are the following:1a. Use of Abhaya (Terminalia cbebula Linn) and Amalaki (Emblica Officinalis Gaertn) for rejuvenation; 1b. The desire for longevity; 1c. Use of Amalaki (Emblica Officinalis Gaertn.) culled by hand; 1d. Propagation of the science of rejuvenation. 2a. Use of the preparation of the root of sara (Saccbarum munja Roxb.) 2b. Use of the rice soaked in milk and such other preparations; 2c. Use of milk collected from a cow fed with mashaparna (Teramnus labialis); 2d. Duties of a man who has gained strength, among others.The remaining 28 chapters of [[Chikitsa Sthana]] deal with therapeutics of the said conditions:  jwara (fever) raktapitta ( a condition characterized by bleeding from various parts of the body); gulma ( a type of abdominal tumour); meha (obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes mellitus); kushtha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy); shosha (consumption); unmada (insanity); apasmara (epilepsy); kshatha (phthisis); shotha (oedema) udara (obstinate abdominal diseases including ascitis); arshas (piles); grahani (sprue); pandu (anemia) shvasa (conditions causing dyspnoea including bronchial asthma); kasa (cough); atisara (diarrhoea); chhardi (vomiting); visarpa (acute spreading diseases of the skin including erysipelas); trishna (thirst); vishavikara (poisoning); madyavikara (alcoholism); dvivraniya (two types of ulcers); trimarmiya (diseases appearing in three vital organs of the body); urustambha (spastic paraplegia); vataroga (diseases specially caused by the vitiation of vata); vatarakta (gout); and yonivyapat (gynecological diseases) Chikitsasthan  or the section on therapeutics has thirty chapters. (The first chapter deals with Rasayana or rejuvenation therapy. In consists of four sub-chapters dealing with the above topics; The remaining twenty-eight chapters of this section deal with the treatment of the said conditions.  

The [[Chikitsa Sthana]] (section on therapeutics) follows [[Indriya Sthana]] with the following 30 chapters. The first two chapters deal with rejuvenation therapies and aphrodisiacs respectively and are the following:1a. Use of Abhaya (Terminalia cbebula Linn) and Amalaki (Emblica Officinalis Gaertn) for rejuvenation; 1b. The desire for longevity; 1c. Use of Amalaki (Emblica Officinalis Gaertn.) culled by hand; 1d. Propagation of the science of rejuvenation. 2a. Use of the preparation of the root of sara (Saccbarum munja Roxb.) 2b. Use of the rice soaked in milk and such other preparations; 2c. Use of milk collected from a cow fed with mashaparna (Teramnus labialis); 2d. Duties of a man who has gained strength, among others.The remaining 28 chapters of [[Chikitsa Sthana]] deal with therapeutics of the said conditions:  jwara (fever) raktapitta ( a condition characterized by bleeding from various parts of the body); gulma ( a type of abdominal tumour); meha (obstinate urinary disorders including diabetes mellitus); kushtha (obstinate skin diseases including leprosy); shosha (consumption); unmada (insanity); apasmara (epilepsy); kshatha (phthisis); shotha (oedema) udara (obstinate abdominal diseases including ascitis); arshas (piles); grahani (sprue); pandu (anemia) shvasa (conditions causing dyspnoea including bronchial asthma); kasa (cough); atisara (diarrhoea); chhardi (vomiting); visarpa (acute spreading diseases of the skin including erysipelas); trishna (thirst); vishavikara (poisoning); madyavikara (alcoholism); dvivraniya (two types of ulcers); trimarmiya (diseases appearing in three vital organs of the body); urustambha (spastic paraplegia); vataroga (diseases specially caused by the vitiation of vata); vatarakta (gout); and yonivyapat (gynecological diseases) Chikitsasthan  or the section on therapeutics has thirty chapters. (The first chapter deals with Rasayana or rejuvenation therapy. In consists of four sub-chapters dealing with the above topics; The remaining twenty-eight chapters of this section deal with the treatment of the said conditions.  

[[Kalpa Sthana]], the next section (on pharmaceuticals) has twelve chapters dealing with the preparations of the following drugs: Phala (Randia dumetorum Lam.); jimutaka (Luffa echinata Roxb); iksvaka (Ligenaria siceraria Standl.); dhamargava (Luffa cylindrical M. Roem);  vatsaka (Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall.); krtavedhana (Luffa acutanula Roxb.); syamatrivrt (Operculina turpetbum R. B.); chaturangula (Cassia fistula Linn); tilvaka (Symplocos racemosa Roxb); sudha (Euphorbia nerifolia Linn); saptala (Acacia concinna D.C.); and sankhini (Canscora decussate Roem et. Sch.); danti (Baliospermum montanum Muell-Arg.), and dravanti (Jatropha glandulifera Roxb.).  

[[Kalpa Sthana]], the next section (on pharmaceuticals) has twelve chapters dealing with the preparations of the following drugs: Phala (Randia dumetorum Lam.); jimutaka (Luffa echinata Roxb); iksvaka (Ligenaria siceraria Standl.); dhamargava (Luffa cylindrical M. Roem);  vatsaka (Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall.); krtavedhana (Luffa acutanula Roxb.); syamatrivrt (Operculina turpetbum R. B.); chaturangula (Cassia fistula Linn); tilvaka (Symplocos racemosa Roxb); sudha (Euphorbia nerifolia Linn); saptala (Acacia concinna D.C.); and sankhini (Canscora decussate Roem et. Sch.); danti (Baliospermum montanum Muell-Arg.), and dravanti (Jatropha glandulifera Roxb.).