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→Sanskrit text, Transliteration and English Translation
In the beginning of ''visarga kala'' and at the end of ''adana kala'', human beings on the Earth experience weakness. In the middle of these two ''kala'' or periods, humans possess medium strength. At the end of the ''visarga kala'' and at the beginning of ''adana kala'' the strength in human beings is maximum. [8]
In the beginning of ''visarga kala'' and at the end of ''adana kala'', human beings on the Earth experience weakness. In the middle of these two ''kala'' or periods, humans possess medium strength. At the end of the ''visarga kala'' and at the beginning of ''adana kala'' the strength in human beings is maximum. [8]
==== Diet & lifestyle in winter season ====
==== Diet & lifestyle in Winter Season ====
शीते शीतानिलस्पर्शसंरुद्धो बलिनां बली|
शीते शीतानिलस्पर्शसंरुद्धो बलिनां बली|
rasaM hinastyato vAyuH shItaH shIte prakupyati||10||
rasaM hinastyato vAyuH shItaH shIte prakupyati||10||
If adequate food is not made available to the body, then this strong ''agni'' consumes/absorbs the rasa-the intrinsic fluids of the body. ''vata'' having ''sheeta'' (cold) quality gets vitiated in this ''sheeta kala'' (cold season).[10]
If adequate food is not made available to the body, then this strong ''agni'' consumes/absorbs the ''rasa''-the intrinsic fluids of the body. ''vata'' having ''sheeta'' (cold) quality gets vitiated in this ''sheeta kala'' (cold season).[10]
तस्मात्तुषारसमये स्निग्धाम्ललवणान् रसान्|
तस्मात्तुषारसमये स्निग्धाम्ललवणान् रसान्|
gurvamlasnigdhamadhuraM divAsvapnaM ca varjayet||23||
gurvamlasnigdhamadhuraM divAsvapnaM ca varjayet||23||
Therefore in vasanta season the purification procedures like vamana (emesis) and others should be done. One should avoid heavy, sour, unctuous and sweet food items and should not sleep during the daytime. [23]
Therefore in ''vasanta'' season the purification procedures like ''vamana'' (emesis) and others should be done. One should avoid heavy, sour, unctuous and sweet food items and should not sleep during the daytime. [23]
व्यायामोद्वर्तनं धूमं कवलग्रहमञ्जनम्|
व्यायामोद्वर्तनं धूमं कवलग्रहमञ्जनम्|
sukhAmbunA shaucavidhiM shIlayet kusumAgame||24||
sukhAmbunA shaucavidhiM shIlayet kusumAgame||24||
In kusumagama kala (at the advent of spring) when flowers blossom (vasanta) one should regularly resort to physical exercise, dry massage, medicated smoking, gargling, and collyrium. Bathing and cleaning of excretory orifices should be done with lukewarm water. [24]
In ''kusumagama kala'' (at the advent of spring) when flowers blossom (''vasanta'') one should regularly resort to physical exercise, dry massage, medicated smoking, gargling, and collyrium. Bathing and cleaning of excretory orifices should be done with lukewarm water. [24]
चन्दनागुरुदिग्धाङ्गो यवगोधूमभोजनः|
चन्दनागुरुदिग्धाङ्गो यवगोधूमभोजनः|
shArabhaM shAshamaiNeyaM mAMsaM lAvakapi~jjalam||25||
shArabhaM shAshamaiNeyaM mAMsaM lAvakapi~jjalam||25||
A person should apply the paste of chandana (Santalum album Linn) and aguru on the body. One should take food made up of barley and wheat, meat of sarabha (wapiti), sasa (rabbit), ena (antelope), lava (common quail) and kapinjala (grey partridge). [25]
A person should apply the paste of ''chandana'' (Santalum album Linn) and ''aguru'' on the body. One should take food made up of barley and wheat, meat of ''sarabha'' (wapiti), ''sasa'' (rabbit), ''ena'' (antelope), ''lava'' (common quail) and ''kapinjala'' (grey partridge). [25]
भक्षयेन्निर्गदं सीधुं पिबेन्माध्वीकमेव वा|
भक्षयेन्निर्गदं सीधुं पिबेन्माध्वीकमेव वा|
vasante~anubhavet strINAM kAnanAnAM ca yauvanam||26||
vasante~anubhavet strINAM kAnanAnAM ca yauvanam||26||
One should drink clean alcoholic drinks like sidhu and madhvika (types wine preparations) in vasanta and enjoy the youthfulness of women and of gardens. [26]
One should drink clean alcoholic drinks like ''sidhu'' and ''madhvika'' (types wine preparations) in ''vasanta'' and enjoy the youthfulness of women and of gardens. [26]
==== Diet and lifestyle in grishma ritu (summer season) ====
==== Diet and lifestyle in ''grishma ritu'' (summer season) ====
मयूखैर्जगतः स्नेहं ग्रीष्मे पेपीयते रविः|
मयूखैर्जगतः स्नेहं ग्रीष्मे पेपीयते रविः|
svAdu shItaM dravaM snigdhamannapAnaM tadA hitam||27||
svAdu shItaM dravaM snigdhamannapAnaM tadA hitam||27||
In grishma ritu (summer season) the Sun , by its rays, excessively absorbs the moisture of the environment. So, in this season food and drinks having sweet, cold, liquid and unctuous qualities are considered wholesome. [27]
In ''grishma ritu'' (summer season), the Sun , by its rays, excessively dries up the environment. So, in this season food and drinks having sweet, cold, liquid and unctuous qualities are considered wholesome. [27]
शीतं सशर्करं मन्थं जाङ्गलान्मृगपक्षिणः|
शीतं सशर्करं मन्थं जाङ्गलान्मृगपक्षिणः|
ghRutaM payaH sashAlyannaM bhajan grIShme na sIdati||28||
ghRutaM payaH sashAlyannaM bhajan grIShme na sIdati||28||
In the summer season, any individual taking cold and sweet mantha (a type of groat), meat of wild animals and bird, ghee and milk with shali rice (Oryza sativa Linn), does not become weak (does not suffer from diseases). [28]
In the summer season, any individual taking cold and sweet ''mantha'' (a type of groat), meat of wild animals and bird, ''ghee'' and milk with ''shali'' rice (Oryza sativa Linn), does not become weak (does not suffer from diseases). [28]
मद्यमल्पं न वा पेयमथवा सुबहूदकम्|
मद्यमल्पं न वा पेयमथवा सुबहूदकम्|
bhajeccandanadigdhA~ggaH pravAte harmyamastake||30||
bhajeccandanadigdhA~ggaH pravAte harmyamastake||30||
During day time one should sleep in a cool shelter and during night after applying the paste of chandana (Santalum album Linn) on the body sleep in the airy roof/terrace of the house which is cooled by the Moon’s rays. [30]
During day time one should sleep in a cool shelter and during night after applying the paste of ''chandana'' (Santalum album Linn) on the body sleep in the airy roof/terrace of the house which is cooled by the Moon’s rays. [30]
व्यजनैः पाणिसंस्पर्शैश्चन्दनोदकशीतलैः|
व्यजनैः पाणिसंस्पर्शैश्चन्दनोदकशीतलैः|
In the summer season one should enjoy the coolness of gardens, cold water and flowers, and should abstain from sexual intercourse. [32]
In the summer season one should enjoy the coolness of gardens, cold water and flowers, and should abstain from sexual intercourse. [32]
==== Diet and lifestyle in varsha ritu (rainy season) ====
==== Diet and lifestyle in ''varsha ritu'' (rainy season) ====
आदानदुर्बले देहे पक्ता भवति दुर्बलः|
आदानदुर्बले देहे पक्ता भवति दुर्बलः|
sa varShAsvanilAdInAM dUShaNairbAdhyate punaH||33||
sa varShAsvanilAdInAM dUShaNairbAdhyate punaH||33||
In the weak body, during the period of dehydration,
In the weak body, during the period of dehydration, the ''agni'' is also weak, which is deranged further due to vitiated ''vata'' and other ''doshas'' during rainy season. [33]
the agni is also weak, which is deranged further due to vitiated vata and other doshas during rainy season. [33]
भूबाष्पान्मेघनिस्यन्दात् पाकादम्लाज्जलस्य च|
भूबाष्पान्मेघनिस्यन्दात् पाकादम्लाज्जलस्य च|
varShAsvagnibale kShINe kupyanti pavanAdayaH||34||
varShAsvagnibale kShINe kupyanti pavanAdayaH||34||
In this season, due to evaporating vapors from the Earth, rainfall and acidic transformation of water, the agni is weakened, thus leading to the further vitiation of vata and other doshas. [34]
In this season, due to evaporating vapors from the Earth, rainfall and acidic transformation of water, the ''agni'' is weakened, thus leading to the further vitiation of ''vata'' and other ''doshas''. [34]
तस्मात् साधारणः सर्वो विधिर्वर्षासु शस्यते|
तस्मात् साधारणः सर्वो विधिर्वर्षासु शस्यते|
pAnabhojanasaMskArAn prAyaH kShaudrAnvitAn bhajet||36||
pAnabhojanasaMskArAn prAyaH kShaudrAnvitAn bhajet||36||
Hence, in rainy season all basic rules regarding diet and behavior are advised to balance all three doshas. One should avoid diluted mantha (groat), sleeping during the day, dew, river water, physical exercise, exposure to sun rays and sexual intercourse in this season. One should use food and drinks mostly added with honey in small quantity to pacify the kleda (dampness) of rainy season. [35-36]
Hence, in rainy season all basic rules regarding diet and behavior are advised to balance all three ''doshas''. One should avoid diluted ''mantha'' (groat), sleeping during the day, dew, river water, physical exercise, exposure to sun rays and sexual intercourse in this season. One should use food and drinks mostly added with honey in small quantity to pacify the ''kleda'' (dampness) of rainy season. [35-36]
व्यक्ताम्ललवणस्नेहं वातवर्षाकुलेऽहनि|
व्यक्ताम्ललवणस्नेहं वातवर्षाकुलेऽहनि|
visheShashIte bhoktavyaM varShAsvanilashAntaye||37||
visheShashIte bhoktavyaM varShAsvanilashAntaye||37||
In rainy season when the days are cooler due to wind and rain, one should predominantly take sour, salty and unctuous food to alleviate vata. [37]
In rainy season when the days are cooler due to wind and rain, one should predominantly take sour, salty and unctuous food to alleviate ''vata''. [37]
अग्निसंरक्षणवता यवगोधूमशालयः|
अग्निसंरक्षणवता यवगोधूमशालयः|
purANA jA~ggalairmAMsairbhojyA yUShaishca saMskRutaiH||38||
purANA jA~ggalairmAMsairbhojyA yUShaishca saMskRutaiH||38||
A person taking care of his agni should consume old barley; wheat and shali rice (Oryza sativa Linn) along with meat of wild animals and processed soup. [38]
A person taking care of his ''agni'' should consume old barley; wheat and ''shali'' rice (Oryza sativa Linn) along with meat of wild animals and processed soup. [38]
पिबेत् क्षौद्रान्वितं चाल्पं माध्वीकारिष्टमम्बु वा|
पिबेत् क्षौद्रान्वितं चाल्पं माध्वीकारिष्टमम्बु वा|
mAhendraM taptashItaM vA kaupaM sArasameva vA||39||
mAhendraM taptashItaM vA kaupaM sArasameva vA||39||
Whenever madhvika or other fermented liquors and water are consumed, they should be mixed with a little amount of honey. Rain water or water from wells or ponds should be properly boiled and cooled. [39]
Whenever ''madhvika'' or other fermented liquors and water are consumed, they should be mixed with a little amount of honey. Rain water or water from wells or ponds should be properly boiled and cooled. [39]
प्रघर्षोद्वर्तनस्नानगन्धमाल्यपरो भवेत्|
प्रघर्षोद्वर्तनस्नानगन्धमाल्यपरो भवेत्|
In rainy season one should practice friction massage, dry massage, bathing, use of fragrance, garlands, wear light and clean clothes and should reside in the place which is free from humidity. [40]
In rainy season one should practice friction massage, dry massage, bathing, use of fragrance, garlands, wear light and clean clothes and should reside in the place which is free from humidity. [40]
==== Diet and lifestyle in sharada ritu [autumn season] ====
==== Diet and lifestyle in ''sharada ritu'' [autumn season] ====
वर्षाशीतोचिताङ्गानां सहसैवार्करश्मिभिः|
वर्षाशीतोचिताङ्गानां सहसैवार्करश्मिभिः|
taptAnAmAcitaM pittaM prAyaH sharadi kupyati||41||
taptAnAmAcitaM pittaM prAyaH sharadi kupyati||41||
When a body habituated to cold and rain is suddenly subjected to the heat of sunrays in the sharad season, the accumulated pitta in the body often gets aggravated. [41]
When a body habituated to cold and rain is suddenly subjected to the heat of sunrays in the ''sharada'' season, the accumulated ''pitta'' in the body often gets aggravated. [41]
तत्रान्नपानं मधुरं लघु शीतं सतिक्तकम्|
तत्रान्नपानं मधुरं लघु शीतं सतिक्तकम्|
shAlIn sayavagodhUmAn sevyAnAhurghanAtyaye||43||
shAlIn sayavagodhUmAn sevyAnAhurghanAtyaye||43||
In ghanatyaya (sharad ritu) the meat of lava (common quail), kapinjala (grey partridge), ena (antelope), urabhra (sheep), sarabha (wapiti) and shasha (rabbit), shali rice (Oryza sativa Linn), barley and wheat should be taken. [43]
In ''ghanatyaya'' (''sharada ritu'') the meat of ''lava'' (common quail), ''kapinjala'' (grey partridge), ''ena'' (antelope), ''urabhra'' (sheep), ''sarabha'' (wapiti) and ''shasha'' (rabbit), ''shali'' rice (Oryza sativa Linn), barley and wheat should be taken. [43]
तिक्तस्य सर्पिषः पानं विरेको रक्तमोक्षणम्|
तिक्तस्य सर्पिषः पानं विरेको रक्तमोक्षणम्|
dhArAdharAtyaye kAryamAtapasya ca varjanam||44||
dhArAdharAtyaye kAryamAtapasya ca varjanam||44||
In sharad, when the rain clouds disappear (dharadharatyaye), the intake of ghee medicated with bitter items, use of purgatives and blood-letting are indicated. [44]
In ''sharada'', whenever the rain clouds disappear (''dharadharatyaye''), the intake of ''ghee'' medicated with bitter items, use of purgatives, and blood-letting are indicated. [44]
वसां तैलमवश्यायमौदकानूपमामिषम्|
वसां तैलमवश्यायमौदकानूपमामिषम्|
kShAraM dadhi divAsvapnaM prAgvAtaM cAtra varjayet||45||
kShAraM dadhi divAsvapnaM prAgvAtaM cAtra varjayet||45||
In this season exposure to sun, intake of fats and oils, exposure to dew, meat of aquatic and marshy animals, alkaline preparations, and curd are contraindicated. One should not sleep during daytime and restrict exposure to easterly wind. [45]
In this season exposure to Sun, intake of fats and oils, exposure to dew, meat of aquatic and marshy animals, alkaline preparations, and curd are contraindicated. One should not sleep during daytime and restrict exposure to easterly wind. [45]
दिवा सूर्यांशुसन्तप्तं निशि चन्द्रांशुशीतलम्|
दिवा सूर्यांशुसन्तप्तं निशि चन्द्रांशुशीतलम्|
snAnapAnAvagAheShu hitamambu yathA~amRutam ||47||
snAnapAnAvagAheShu hitamambu yathA~amRutam ||47||
Water heated with sunrays during daytime and cooled with moon rays during night, well purified by the course of time and detoxified by the effects of Agastya (the star Canopus) is called “Hansodaka”, which is available during sharad and is clean and clear. This water is beneficial as nectar when used for the purpose of bathing, drinking and plunging. [46-47]
Water heated with sunrays during daytime and cooled with moon rays during night, well purified by the course of time and detoxified by the effects of ''Agastya'' (the star Canopus) is called ''Hansodaka'', which is available during ''sharada'' and is clean and clear. This water is beneficial as nectar when used for the purpose of bathing and drinking. [46-47]
शारदानि च माल्यानि वासांसि विमलानि च|
शारदानि च माल्यानि वासांसि विमलानि च|
sharatkAle prashasyante pradoShe cendurashmayaH||48||
sharatkAle prashasyante pradoShe cendurashmayaH||48||
In sharad ritu, garlands of seasonal flowers, clean clothes (apparels), and exposure to moon rays in early nights are very beneficial. [48]
In ''sharada ritu'', garlands of seasonal flowers, clean clothes (apparels), and exposure to moon rays in early nights are very beneficial. [48]
==== Okasatmya ====
==== ''Okasatmya'' ====
इत्युक्तमृतुसात्म्यं यच्चेष्टाहारव्यपाश्रयम्|
इत्युक्तमृतुसात्म्यं यच्चेष्टाहारव्यपाश्रयम्|
In this way, we discussed about seasonal adaptations with respect to activities and diet.
In this way, we discussed about seasonal adaptations with respect to activities and diet.
If any diet and behavior become suitable to the body by its regular/habitual use then it is called okasatmya (acquired adaptation). [49]
If any diet and behavior become suitable to the body by its regular/habitual use then it is called ''okasatmya'' (acquired adaptation or habituation). [49]
देशानामामयानां च विपरीतगुणं गुणैः|
देशानामामयानां च विपरीतगुणं गुणैः|
sAtmyamicchanti sAtmyaj~jAshceShTitaM cAdyameva ca||50||
sAtmyamicchanti sAtmyaj~jAshceShTitaM cAdyameva ca||50||
Experts of the principles of satmya (adaptation) consider that diet and behavior opposite to the qualities of the habitat of the individual and of the causative factors of the diseases prevalent in the location, can be adapted to. [50]
Experts of the principles of ''satmya'' (adaptation) consider that diet and behavior opposite to the qualities of the habitat of the individual and of the causative factors of the diseases prevalent in the location, can be adapted to. [50]
तत्र श्लोकः-
तत्र श्लोकः-
There is the verse:
There is the verse:
In this chapter of “One’s Diet etc”, general principles with respect to dietary habits and activities suitable to specific seasons, along with the principles of satmya (adaptation) have been described. [51]
In this chapter of “One’s Diet”, general principles with respect to dietary habits and activities suitable to specific seasons, along with the principles of ''satmya'' (adaptation) have been described. [51]
इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते श्लोकस्थाने तस्याशितीयो नाम षष्ठोऽध्यायः||६||
इत्यग्निवेशकृते तन्त्रे चरकप्रतिसंस्कृते श्लोकस्थाने तस्याशितीयो नाम षष्ठोऽध्यायः||६||
Ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē ślōkasthānē tasyāśitīyō nāma ṣaṣṭhō'dhyāyaḥ||6||
Ityagnivēśakr̥tē tantrē carakapratisaṁskr̥tē ślōkasthānē tasyāśitīyō nāma ṣaṣṭhō'dhyāyaḥ||6||
Thus the sixth chapter entitled Tasyashitiya (one’s diet and regimen for different seasons) of Sutra sthana is completed, in the treatise compiled by Agnivesha and revised by Caraka.
Thus the sixth chapter entitled [[Tasyashiteeya]] (one’s diet and regimen for different seasons) of [[Sutra Sthana]] is completed, in the treatise compiled by Agnivesha and revised by Charaka.
=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===
=== ''Tattva Vimarsha'' ===