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→Sanskrit Text with Translations and Transliterations in English
garbhaM hareyuryadi te na mAturlabdhAvakAshA na hareyurojaH||10||
garbhaM hareyuryadi te na mAturlabdhAvakAshA na hareyurojaH||10||
Evil spirits who move at night and eat away the ojas do not desire the body (of the fetus) as food. If these evil spirits take away the life of the fetus they can easily enter in to the mother’s body and eat away the ojas, leading to her death also.
Evil spirits who move at night and eat away the ojas do not desire the body (of the fetus) as food. If these evil spirits take away the life of the fetus they can easily enter in to the mother’s body and eat away the ojas, leading to her death also.[10]
कन्यां सुतं वा सहितौ पृथग्वा सुतौ सुते वा तनयान् बहून् वा|
कन्यां सुतं वा सहितौ पृथग्वा सुतौ सुते वा तनयान् बहून् वा|
Why does one get a female or a male child?. Why does one get twins, male or female, separate or conjoined, or multiple births? Why does one deliver a child with delay? Why does one twin, in many cases, develop more than the other? ||11||
Why does one get a female or a male child?. Why does one get twins, male or female, separate or conjoined, or multiple births? Why does one deliver a child with delay? Why does one twin, in many cases, develop more than the other? [11]
रक्तेन कन्यामधिकेन पुत्रं शुक्रेण तेन द्विविधीकृतेन|
रक्तेन कन्यामधिकेन पुत्रं शुक्रेण तेन द्विविधीकृतेन|
raktena kanyAmadhikena putraM shukreNa tena dvividhIkRutena|
raktena kanyAmadhikena putraM shukreNa tena dvividhIkRutena|
bIjena kanyAM ca sutaM ca sUte yathAsvabIjAnyatarAdhikena||12||
bIjena kanyAM ca sutaM ca sUte yathAsvabIjAnyatarAdhikena||12||
One gets female or male child due to dominance of ovum or sperm respectively. When zygote is split into two, twins are formed and the gender of each of the twins is determined by the relative predominance of ovum or sperm.||12||
One gets female or male child due to dominance of ovum or sperm respectively. When zygote is split into two, twins are formed and the gender of each of the twins is determined by the relative predominance of ovum or sperm.||12||
शुक्राधिकं द्वैधमुपैति बीजं यस्याः सुतौ सा सहितौ प्रसूते|
शुक्राधिकं द्वैधमुपैति बीजं यस्याः सुतौ सा सहितौ प्रसूते|
रक्ताधिकं वा यदि भेदमेति द्विधा सुते सा सहिते प्रसूते||१३||
रक्ताधिकं वा यदि भेदमेति द्विधा सुते सा सहिते प्रसूते||१३||
śukrādhikaṁ dvaidhamupaiti bījaṁ yasyāḥ sutau sā sahitau prasūtē|
śukrādhikaṁ dvaidhamupaiti bījaṁ yasyāḥ sutau sā sahitau prasūtē|
raktAdhikaM vA yadi bhedameti dvidhA sute sA sahite prasUte||13||
raktAdhikaM vA yadi bhedameti dvidhA sute sA sahite prasUte||13||
When the zygote is bifurcated with dominance of sperm, the woman delivers male twins and when with dominance of ovum, female twins.||13||
When the zygote is bifurcated with dominance of sperm, the woman delivers male twins and when with dominance of ovum, female twins.[13]
भिनत्ति यावद्बहुधा प्रपन्नः शुक्रार्तवं वायुरतिप्रवृद्धः|
भिनत्ति यावद्बहुधा प्रपन्नः शुक्रार्तवं वायुरतिप्रवृद्धः|
tAvantyapatyAni yathAvibhAgaM karmAtmakAnyasvavashAt prasUte||14||
tAvantyapatyAni yathAvibhAgaM karmAtmakAnyasvavashAt prasUte||14||
A woman delivers multiples due to past deeds and God’s pleasure in which the excessively aggravated vāyu afflicting the union of sperm and ovum splits the zygote in various ways.||14||
A woman delivers multiples due to past deeds and God’s pleasure in which the excessively aggravated vāyu afflicting the union of sperm and ovum splits the zygote in various ways.[14]
आहारमाप्नोति यदा न गर्भः शोषं समाप्नोति परिस्रुतिं वा|
आहारमाप्नोति यदा न गर्भः शोषं समाप्नोति परिस्रुतिं वा|
taM strI prasUte sucireNa garbhaM puShTo yadA varShagaNairapi syAt||15||
taM strI prasUte sucireNa garbhaM puShTo yadA varShagaNairapi syAt||15||
If the foetus does not get adequate nourishment and consequently gets dried up or is discharged, the woman delivers the child after a long time which may even take years for delivery after proper nourishment.||15||
If the foetus does not get adequate nourishment and consequently gets dried up or is discharged, the woman delivers the child after a long time which may even take years for delivery after proper nourishment.[15]
कर्मात्मकत्वाद्विषमांशभेदाच्छुक्रासृजोर्वृद्धिमुपैति कुक्षौ|
कर्मात्मकत्वाद्विषमांशभेदाच्छुक्रासृजोर्वृद्धिमुपैति कुक्षौ|
eko~adhiko nyUnataro dvitIya evaM [9] yame~apyabhyadhiko visheShaH||16||
eko~adhiko nyUnataro dvitIya evaM [9] yame~apyabhyadhiko visheShaH||16||
Due to past deeds and uneven division of the union of sperm and ovum, one in the twin develops more in the womb while the other one is less. Thus, there is also difference in the twins. ||16||
Due to past deeds and uneven division of the union of sperm and ovum, one in the twin develops more in the womb while the other one is less. Thus, there is also difference in the twins. [16]
कस्माद्द्विरेताः पवनेन्द्रियो वा संस्कारवाही नरनारिषण्डौ|
कस्माद्द्विरेताः पवनेन्द्रियो वा संस्कारवाही नरनारिषण्डौ|
vakrI tatherShyAbhiratiH kathaM vA sa~jjAyate vAtikaShaNDako vA||17||
vakrI tatherShyAbhiratiH kathaM vA sa~jjAyate vAtikaShaNDako vA||17||
Why does the progeny become dwireta (hermaphrodite), pavanendriya (devoid of semen), saṁskāravāhī (one whose semen pathway is obstructed by vata), naraṣaṇḍa (male sterility), nārīṣaṇḍa (female sterility), vakrī (curved), īrṣyābhirati (one with mixoscopia) and vātikaṣaṇḍaka (one whose testicles are destroyed due to vayu and agni (pitta)) ||17||
Why does the progeny become dwireta (hermaphrodite), pavanendriya (devoid of semen), saṁskāravāhī (one whose semen pathway is obstructed by vata), naraṣaṇḍa (male sterility), nārīṣaṇḍa (female sterility), vakrī (curved), īrṣyābhirati (one with mixoscopia) and vātikaṣaṇḍaka (one whose testicles are destroyed due to vayu and agni (pitta)) [17]
बीजात् समांशादुपतप्तबीजात् स्त्रीपुंसलिङ्गी भवति द्विरेताः|
बीजात् समांशादुपतप्तबीजात् स्त्रीपुंसलिङ्गी भवति द्विरेताः|
śukrashayaM garbhagatasya hatvA [10] karoti vAyuH pavanendriyatvam||18||
śukrashayaM garbhagatasya hatvA [10] karoti vAyuH pavanendriyatvam||18||
In case the zygote is formed by sperm and ovum equally or is damaged, the progeny has characters of both female and male, resulting in dwiretā (hermaphrodite). Vayu by afflicting the śukrāśaya (site of semen) of the foetus causes pavanendriya (devoid of semen).||18||
In case the zygote is formed by sperm and ovum equally or is damaged, the progeny has characters of both female and male, resulting in dwiretā (hermaphrodite). Vayu by afflicting the śukrāśaya (site of semen) of the foetus causes pavanendriya (devoid of semen).[18]
शुक्राशयद्वारविघट्टनेन संस्कारवाहं [११] कुरुतेऽनिलश्च|
शुक्राशयद्वारविघट्टनेन संस्कारवाहं [११] कुरुतेऽनिलश्च|
mandAlpabIjAvabalAvaharShau klIbau ca heturvikRutidvayasya||19||
mandAlpabIjAvabalAvaharShau klIbau ca heturvikRutidvayasya||19||
When vāyu obstructs the passage of the site of semen, it causes saṁskāravāhī. When the parents have sluggish and diminished reproductive factors, are weak, or are not excited or happy during coitus, they cause the two disorders—naraṣaṇḍa and nārīṣaṇḍa (male and female sterility).||19||
When vāyu obstructs the passage of the site of semen, it causes saṁskāravāhī. When the parents have sluggish and diminished reproductive factors, are weak, or are not excited or happy during coitus, they cause the two disorders—naraṣaṇḍa and nārīṣaṇḍa (male and female sterility).[19]
मातुर्व्यवायप्रतिघेन वक्री स्याद्बीजदौर्बल्यतया पितुश्च|
मातुर्व्यवायप्रतिघेन वक्री स्याद्बीजदौर्बल्यतया पितुश्च|
IrShyAbhibhUtAvapi mandaharShAvIrShyAratereva [12] vadanti hetum||20||
IrShyAbhibhUtAvapi mandaharShAvIrShyAratereva [12] vadanti hetum||20||
Due to the mother’s lack of desire (for coitus) or complicated posture (during coitus) and also due to śhukra deficiency of the father, (the progeny) is born with vakrī (with curved organ). Īrṣyābhirat i(one with mixoscopia) is caused if the parents are subdued by jealousy and have mild passion.||20||
Due to the mother’s lack of desire (for coitus) or complicated posture (during coitus) and also due to śhukra deficiency of the father, (the progeny) is born with vakrī (with curved organ). Īrṣyābhirat i(one with mixoscopia) is caused if the parents are subdued by jealousy and have mild passion.[20]
वाय्वग्निदोषाद्वृषणौ तु यस्य नाशं गतौ वातिकषण्डकः सः|
वाय्वग्निदोषाद्वृषणौ तु यस्य नाशं गतौ वातिकषण्डकः सः|
इत्येवमष्टौ विकृतिप्रकाराः कर्मात्मकानामुपलक्षणीयाः||२१||
इत्येवमष्टौ विकृतिप्रकाराः कर्मात्मकानामुपलक्षणीयाः||२१||
vāyvagnidōṣādvr̥ṣaṇau tu yasya nāśaṁ gatau vātikaṣaṇḍakaḥ saḥ|
vāyvagnidōṣādvr̥ṣaṇau tu yasya nāśaṁ gatau vātikaṣaṇḍakaḥ saḥ|
ityevamaShTau vikRutiprakArAH karmAtmakAnAmupalakShaNIyAH||21||
ityevamaShTau vikRutiprakArAH karmAtmakAnAmupalakShaNIyAH||21||
When the testicles get destroyed by aggravation of vāyu and agni, vātika ṣaṇḍaka is caused. These eight types of genetic sexual disorders described above (dwireta, pawanendriya, etc)could be the consequences of past deeds.[21]
When the testicles get destroyed by aggravation of vāyu and agni, vātika ṣaṇḍaka is caused. These eight types of genetic sexual disorders described above (dwireta, pawanendriya, etc)could be the consequences of past deeds.||21||
गर्भस्य सद्योऽनुगतस्य कुक्षौ स्त्रीपुन्नपुंसामुदरस्थितानाम्|
गर्भस्य सद्योऽनुगतस्य कुक्षौ स्त्रीपुन्नपुंसामुदरस्थितानाम्|
kiM lakShaNaM? kAraNamiShyate kiM sarUpatAM yena ca yAtyapatyam||22||
kiM lakShaNaM? kAraNamiShyate kiM sarUpatAM yena ca yAtyapatyam||22||
What are the earliest signs of conception? What signs and symptoms indicate a female, male or hermaphrodite foetus developing in the womb? What is the reason of resemblance of the child to a particular person? ||22||
What are the earliest signs of conception? What signs and symptoms indicate a female, male or hermaphrodite foetus developing in the womb? What is the reason of resemblance of the child to a particular person? [22]
निष्ठीविका गौरवमङ्गसादस्तन्द्राप्रहर्षौ हृदये व्यथा च|
निष्ठीविका गौरवमङ्गसादस्तन्द्राप्रहर्षौ हृदये व्यथा च|
and redacted by Caraka.
and redacted by Caraka.
Tattva Vimarsha:
=== Tattva Vimarsha ===
• The prerequisites of a healthy conception includethe clan (gotra) of male, ovulatory period (rajah-kṣayānte), psychic component (rahovisr̥ṣṭa), posture during coitus (mithuna) and shukra. The expectant couples have to be very conscious of these facts to achieve a healthy embryo.
• The prerequisites of a healthy conception includethe clan (gotra) of male, ovulatory period (rajah-kṣayānte), psychic component (rahovisr̥ṣṭa), posture during coitus (mithuna) and shukra. The expectant couples have to be very conscious of these facts to achieve a healthy embryo.
• Three causes of diseases: Intellectual errors, unbalanced use of sense organs and temporal effects
• Three causes of diseases: Intellectual errors, unbalanced use of sense organs and temporal effects
=== Vidhi Vimarsha ===
Vidhi Vimarsha:
This chapter is quite comprehensive and considers various principles of embryology. The important ones are related to twin formation & development and congenital/chromosomal diseases all of which are said to be caused by vitiated vayu. These principles are backed up by cross references in the same samhita or other samhitas. These cross references are well illustrated below. It can be inferred that if vayu is kept under control, many of the complications in pregnancy can be avoided.
This chapter is quite comprehensive and considers various principles of embryology. The important ones are related to twin formation & development and congenital/chromosomal diseases all of which are said to be caused by vitiated vayu. These principles are backed up by cross references in the same samhita or other samhitas. These cross references are well illustrated below. It can be inferred that if vayu is kept under control, many of the complications in pregnancy can be avoided.