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→Etiological factors
*Environmental factors: Dust, smoke and wind, residing in cold place, use of cold water.
*Environmental factors: Dust, smoke and wind, residing in cold place, use of cold water.
*Regimen: Lack of exercise, excessive sexual intercourse, excess walking,
*Regimen: Excessive exercise, excessive sexual intercourse, excess walking,
*Diet: Intake of dry food, ''vishamashana'' (food in excessive or less quantity at irregular time)
*Diet: Intake of dry food, ''vishamashana'' (food in excessive or less quantity at irregular time)
*Conditions: Accumulation of ''ama, anaha'' (constipation associated with flatulence), dryness in the body, excessive depletion (''apatarpana''), weakness, injury to ''marmas'' (vital points), rapid change in exposure to heat and cold, diarrhea, fever, vomiting, rhinitis, ''kshata'' (injury), ''kshaya'' (wasting), ''raktapitta'' (bleeding disorder), ''udavarta'' (upward movement of [[vata]]), ''visuchika'' (enteritis), ''alasaka'' (sluggish bowel), ''pandu'' (anemia) and intake of poisons can result in ''hikka'' and ''shwasa''.
*Conditions: Accumulation of ''ama, anaha'' (constipation associated with flatulence), dryness in the body, excessive depletion (''apatarpana''), weakness, injury to ''marmas'' (vital points), rapid change in exposure to heat and cold, diarrhea, fever, vomiting, rhinitis, ''kshata'' (injury), ''kshaya'' (wasting), ''raktapitta'' (bleeding disorder), ''udavarta'' (upward movement of [[vata]]), ''visuchika'' (enteritis), ''alasaka'' (sluggish bowel), ''pandu'' (anemia) and intake of poisons can result in ''hikka'' and ''shwasa''.
*''Anulomana'' (treating [[vata]] to move in normal direction) is the principle of management for obstructed [[vata]] in case of ''hikka'' and ''shwasa''.
*''Anulomana'' (treating [[vata]] to move in normal direction) is the principle of management for obstructed [[vata]] in case of ''hikka'' and ''shwasa''.
*''Shwasa'' associated with cough and hoarseness of voice should be treated with [[vamana]] (therapeutic emesis)
*''Shwasa'' associated with cough and hoarseness of voice should be treated with [[vamana]] (therapeutic emesis)
*In ''tamaka shwasa, [[virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) should be given with [[vata]]-[[kapha]]hara medicines.
*In ''tamaka shwasa, [[virechana]] (therapeutic purgation) should be given with [[vata]]-[[kapha]]hara medicines. ''
*It is always required to keep the path of [[vata]], clean (respiratory tract) by frequent purification therapies and removing obstruction.
*It is always required to keep the path of [[vata]], clean (respiratory tract) by frequent purification therapies and removing obstruction.
*Purification therapies like [[vamana]] and [[virechana]] shall be administered after assessing ''bala''(strength)of patient.
*Purification therapies like [[vamana]] and [[virechana]] shall be administered after assessing ''bala''(strength)of patient.