Changes

<li style="font-weight:bold">Association of stress inducing factors (manoabhitapakara bhava) and free radical over [[Prameha Chikitsa|madhumeha]]<span style="font-weight:normal"><br/><b>Discussion over association of stress inducing factors (manoabhitapakara bhava) and free radicals with chronic metabolic [[Vyadhi|diseases]] such as diabetes mellitus type 2 ([[Prameha Chikitsa|madhumeha]]):</b><br/>This research explains about how adherence with stress (manobhitapakara bhava) lead to produce ama or free radical, and in turn produces chronic metabolic [[Vyadhi|diseases]]. The harmony of [[Manas|mind (manas)]] responsible for the perfect harmony of [[Sharira|body]]. Altered external living sources like demographic alteration, change in family system, urbanization, industrialization, westernisation have a potent role to induce the pathogenesis at psychic level as well as [[Sharira|body]] level by the faulty pattern of adaptataion. Repeated attachment with stress (kamadi bhavas) are the potent cause for morbidity and mortality rate of obstinate urinary [[Vyadhi|disease]]/diabetes melitus type 2([[Prameha Chikitsa|madhumeha]]). This is not only for the cause but it also responsible for the complication. Excessive generation of free radical sustained affection of stress (manobhitapakara bhavas) altered the [[Sharira|body]] defence mechanism, which in terms can be understand. Treatment like pacifying vitiated manasika dosha (manasa doshahara), counseling, antistress approach, [[Deepana|dipana (appetizers)]], [[Pachana|pachana]] (digestives), can check the vicious pathogenesis involved in [[Prameha Chikitsa|madhumeha]] (obstinate urinary [[Vyadhi|disease]]/ diabetes mellitus type 2). <br/><b>Outcome of  the study: </b>There is a direct relation of the mean score of manobhitapakara bhavas (stress), lipid peroxide and fasting blood sugar. By changing mode of [[Ayu|life]] style, optimistic attitude, keeping faith in good, decreasing the high blood pressure level stress hormones can be reduced. Which it reflects through the sufficient decrease in signs and symptoms of the [[Vyadhi|disease]].<ref name="ref9">Manoabhitapakara bhava, free radical, madhumeha by Bishnupriya, Dept. of Basic principles, IPGT& RA, Jamnagar,2001.</ref></span></li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Association of stress inducing factors (manoabhitapakara bhava) and free radical over [[Prameha Chikitsa|madhumeha]]<span style="font-weight:normal"><br/><b>Discussion over association of stress inducing factors (manoabhitapakara bhava) and free radicals with chronic metabolic [[Vyadhi|diseases]] such as diabetes mellitus type 2 ([[Prameha Chikitsa|madhumeha]]):</b><br/>This research explains about how adherence with stress (manobhitapakara bhava) lead to produce ama or free radical, and in turn produces chronic metabolic [[Vyadhi|diseases]]. The harmony of [[Manas|mind (manas)]] responsible for the perfect harmony of [[Sharira|body]]. Altered external living sources like demographic alteration, change in family system, urbanization, industrialization, westernisation have a potent role to induce the pathogenesis at psychic level as well as [[Sharira|body]] level by the faulty pattern of adaptataion. Repeated attachment with stress (kamadi bhavas) are the potent cause for morbidity and mortality rate of obstinate urinary [[Vyadhi|disease]]/diabetes melitus type 2([[Prameha Chikitsa|madhumeha]]). This is not only for the cause but it also responsible for the complication. Excessive generation of free radical sustained affection of stress (manobhitapakara bhavas) altered the [[Sharira|body]] defence mechanism, which in terms can be understand. Treatment like pacifying vitiated manasika dosha (manasa doshahara), counseling, antistress approach, [[Deepana|dipana (appetizers)]], [[Pachana|pachana]] (digestives), can check the vicious pathogenesis involved in [[Prameha Chikitsa|madhumeha]] (obstinate urinary [[Vyadhi|disease]]/ diabetes mellitus type 2). <br/><b>Outcome of  the study: </b>There is a direct relation of the mean score of manobhitapakara bhavas (stress), lipid peroxide and fasting blood sugar. By changing mode of [[Ayu|life]] style, optimistic attitude, keeping faith in good, decreasing the high blood pressure level stress hormones can be reduced. Which it reflects through the sufficient decrease in signs and symptoms of the [[Vyadhi|disease]].<ref name="ref9">Manoabhitapakara bhava, free radical, madhumeha by Bishnupriya, Dept. of Basic principles, IPGT& RA, Jamnagar,2001.</ref></span></li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">A critical and comparative study of Ama and Free radical theory with special reference to [[Amavata|Amavata]]<span style="font-weight:normal"><br/><b>Outcome of study: </b>Free radical is an atom/molecule that contains one or more unpaired electron, which requires neutralisation by free radical scavengers. Thus it exists in an incomplete metabolic state which is also the state of ama described as incompletely digested (avipakvam). Free radicals cause damage to cell membrane and thus the cell is destroyed. This destruction may lead to putrification and foul smell generations which is similar to one of the property of ama described as unpleasant smell (durgandham). Though ama remains in the [[Sharira|body]] as isolated or not mized (asamyuktam), but due to its properties like excessive sliminess (bahupicchilam) etc. it sticks to normal healthy [[Sharira|body]] tissues very quickly, similar is the case with free radicals. To seek stability in their structure they quickly attack the healthy molecules of the [[Sharira|body]] and thus setting a chain reaction. The cells throughout [[Sharira|body]] are continously exposed to these damaging molecules, same has been described for ama as causing sluggishness of whole [[Sharira|body]] (sadanam sarva gatranam). From above one can observe that properties of free radicals are similar to the properties of ama described in classics. Now the process of production of free radicals in [[Sharira|body]] and production of ama would be considered. So it may be concluded that the causative factors ([[Nidana|nidana]]) such as heavy to digest (guru), unctuousness (snigdha) etc. qualities of [[Ahara|diet (ahara)]] of [[Amavata|amavata]] (rheumatism) as mentioned in the classics have a specific role to play in production of ama and also in the generation of free radicals. Also the line of treatment of ama advocated in the classics is effective in reducing the level of ama as well as free radicals. So it can be inferred that a positive correlation exists between ama and free radicals.<ref name="ref10">A critical and comparative study of Ama and Free radical theory with special reference to Amavata by Gaurav sharma, Department of Basic principles, IPGT& RA, Jamnagar, 2001.</ref></span></li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">A critical and comparative study of Ama and Free radical theory with special reference to [[Amavata|Amavata]]<span style="font-weight:normal"><br/><b>Outcome of study: </b>Free radical is an atom/molecule that contains one or more unpaired electron, which requires neutralisation by free radical scavengers. Thus it exists in an incomplete metabolic state which is also the state of ama described as incompletely digested (avipakvam). Free radicals cause damage to cell membrane and thus the cell is destroyed. This destruction may lead to putrification and foul smell generations which is similar to one of the property of ama described as unpleasant smell (durgandham). Though ama remains in the [[Sharira|body]] as isolated or not mized (asamyuktam), but due to its properties like excessive sliminess (bahupicchilam) etc. it sticks to normal healthy [[Sharira|body]] tissues very quickly, similar is the case with free radicals. To seek stability in their structure they quickly attack the healthy molecules of the [[Sharira|body]] and thus setting a chain reaction. The cells throughout [[Sharira|body]] are continously exposed to these damaging molecules, same has been described for ama as causing sluggishness of whole [[Sharira|body]] (sadanam sarva gatranam). From above one can observe that properties of free radicals are similar to the properties of ama described in classics. Now the process of production of free radicals in [[Sharira|body]] and production of ama would be considered. So it may be concluded that the causative factors ([[Nidana|nidana]]) such as heavy to digest (guru), unctuousness (snigdha) etc. qualities of [[Ahara|diet (ahara)]] of [[Amavata|amavata]] (rheumatism) as mentioned in the classics have a specific role to play in production of ama and also in the generation of free radicals. Also the line of treatment of ama advocated in the classics is effective in reducing the level of ama as well as free radicals. So it can be inferred that a positive correlation exists between ama and free radicals.<ref name="ref10">A critical and comparative study of Ama and Free radical theory with special reference to Amavata by Gaurav sharma, Department of Basic principles, IPGT& RA, Jamnagar, 2001.</ref></span></li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">A critical study of Trividhakuksiyavimana w.s.r. to amotpatti and its management<span style="font-weight:normal"><br/><b>Outcome of study: </b>In this study, 2 groups are there, group I (treatment group) patients have been given chaturushna churna (powder) followed by wholesome diet (pathya) and light to digest food. Whereas, in group II (control group) patients received placebo treatment and wholesome diet (pathya) and light to digest food.. [[Dosha|Dosha]] (ama dosha and [[Tridosha|tridosha]] ([[Vata dosha|vata]], [[Pitta dosha|pitta]] and [[Kapha dosha|kapha]])) when adhere to [[Amashaya|amashaya (stomach)]], the desired response of the medicine may not be obtained which is observed in clinical study. Due to this the 21 days duration of therapy did not produce total cure response. So, we can say that if in [[Vyadhi|disease]], treatment regimens opposite to [[Vyadhi|disease]] (vyadhi viparita ausadha) doesn’t produce good response, then it is to be inferred that here amashaya (stomach) is adhered with ama dosha. In this stage, as advised in Trividhakuksiyavimana adhyaya (2nd chapter of [[Preface- Charak Samhita New Edition|Charak Samhita]] [[Vimana Sthana|Vimana Sthana]]), depleting therapy (apatarpna) should be administered. If presence of [[Vyadhi|disease]] stage (vyadhi anubandha) remains, then the treatment regimens opposite to [[Vyadhi|disease]] (vyadhi viparita aushadha)  is to be advised.<ref name="ref11">A critical study of Trividhakuksiyavimana w.s.r. to amotpatti and its management by Mihir vyas, Dept. of Basic principles, IPGT& RA, Jamnagar, 2005.</ref></span></li></ol>

<li style="font-weight:bold">A critical study of Trividhakuksiyavimana w.s.r. to amotpatti and its management<span style="font-weight:normal"><br/><b>Outcome of study: </b>In this study, 2 groups are there, group I (treatment group) patients have been given chaturushna churna (powder) followed by wholesome diet (pathya) and light to digest food. Whereas, in group II (control group) patients received placebo treatment and wholesome diet (pathya) and light to digest food.. [[Dosha|Dosha]] (ama dosha and [[Tridosha|tridosha]] ([[Vata dosha|vata]], [[Pitta dosha|pitta]] and [[Kapha dosha|kapha]])) when adhere to [[Amashaya|amashaya (stomach)]], the desired response of the medicine may not be obtained which is observed in clinical study. Due to this the 21 days duration of therapy did not produce total cure response. So, we can say that if in [[Vyadhi|disease]], treatment regimens opposite to [[Vyadhi|disease]] (vyadhi viparita ausadha) doesn’t produce good response, then it is to be inferred that here amashaya (stomach) is adhered with ama dosha. In this stage, as advised in Trividhakuksiyavimana adhyaya (2nd chapter of [[Preface- Charak Samhita New Edition|Charak Samhita]] [[Vimana Sthana|Vimana Sthana]]), depleting therapy (apatarpna) should be administered. If presence of [[Vyadhi|disease]] stage (vyadhi anubandha) remains, then the treatment regimens opposite to [[Vyadhi|disease]] (vyadhi viparita aushadha)  is to be advised.<ref name="ref11">A critical study of Trividhakuksiyavimana w.s.r. to amotpatti and its management by Mihir vaja, Dept. of Basic principles, IPGT& RA, Jamnagar, 2005.</ref></span></li></ol>

== Contemporary views and research updates on ama ==   

== Contemporary views and research updates on ama ==