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Dhumapana (view source)

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The word ‘dhuma’ (also spelled as dhooma) means smoke and ‘pana’ means to consume. Thus, the word ‘dhumapana’ means taking smoke inside. In ancient times, dhumapana was a part of daily regimen (dinacharya); wherein a specific procedure is adopted for the smoke inhalation through nose and exhaled through mouth, with help of a medicated wick (varti) containing herbs. However, currently this practice has been limited as an ayurveda treatment procedure in management of certain conditions. Ayurvedic dhumapana is generally misunderstood with the dhumrapana, the basic difference between both is that in Ayurvedic dhumapana, smoke inhalation of medicated herbs is done via nose and exhalation from mouth. While dhumrapana is mainly via mouth and exhalation through nosemouth or both as hukkah, bidi, cigarette, cigar etc.. This smoke inhalation is injurious to health and can lead to eye disorders, respiratory diseases and other complications. Dhumapana (medicated smoking) can be used for prevention and treatment of the diseases in upper clavicular region (urdhvajatrugataroga). This chapter deals with the description of dhumapana.

+

The word ‘dhuma’ (also spelled as dhooma) means smoke and ‘pana’ means to consume. Thus, the word ‘dhumapana’ means taking smoke inside. In ancient times, dhumapana was a part of [[Dinacharya|daily regimen (dinacharya)]]; wherein a specific procedure is adopted for the smoke inhalation through nose and exhaled through mouth, with help of a medicated wick (varti) containing herbs. However, currently this practice has been limited as an [[Ayurveda|ayurveda]] treatment procedure in management of certain conditions. Ayurvedic dhumapana is generally misunderstood with the dhumrapana, the basic difference between both is that in Ayurvedic dhumapana, smoke inhalation of medicated herbs is done via nose and exhalation from mouth. While dhumrapana is mainly via mouth and exhalation through nosemouth or both as hukkah, bidi, cigarette, cigar etc.. This smoke inhalation is injurious to health and can lead to eye disorders, respiratory [[Vyadhi|diseases]] and other complications. Dhumapana (medicated smoking) can be used for prevention and treatment of the [[Vyadhi|diseases]] in upper clavicular region (urdhvajatrugataroga). This chapter deals with the description of dhumapana.

{{Infobox

|title = Contributors

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== Etymology ==

−

Dhumpapana word is made up of two words- “dhuma” means smoke and “Pana” means to consume (drink or inhale). So, ~~dhumapanameans~~ inhalation of medicated ~~dhumafor~~ treatment as well as prevention of different diseases.

+

Dhumpapana word is made up of two words- “dhuma” means smoke and “Pana” means to consume (drink or inhale). So, dhumapana means inhalation of medicated dhuma for treatment as well as prevention of different [[Vyadhi|diseases]].

=== Synonyms ===

* Dhumra

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!'''Acharya Charak'''

−

'''[Ch.Sa.SutraSthana, 5/58]'''

+

'''[Ch.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana|SutraSthana]], 5/58]'''

!'''Acharya Sushrut'''

−

'''[Su.Sa.~~ChikitsaSthana40~~/4]'''

+

'''[Su.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana|ChikitsaSthana]]40/4]'''

!'''Acharya Vagbhat'''

−

'''[A.Hri. SutraSthana 21/2]'''

+

'''[A.Hri. [[Sutra Sthana|SutraSthana]] 21/2]'''

!'''Acharya Sharangdhara'''

−

'''[A.Sa. Sutra Sthana,30]'''

+

'''[A.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]],30]'''

|- style="vertical-align:top;"

|

−

# Prayogika or shamana (for preventing/pacifying diseases)

+

# Prayogika or [[Shamana|shamana]] (for preventing/pacifying [[Vyadhi|diseases]])

# Vairechanika (purgative/ cleansing)

# Snaihika (lubricating)

|

−

# Prayogika or Shamana (for preventing diseases)

+

# Prayogika or [[Shamana|Shamana]] (for preventing [[Vyadhi|diseases]])

# Vairechanika (purgative)

# Snaihika (lubricating)

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# Vamana dhuma (Vomit inducing)

|}

−

<ol><li style="font-weight:bold">Prayorika or ~~shamanadhumapana~~ (preventing or pacifying diseases) ~~Prayogikadhumapana~~ is advised for healthy individuals for preservation of health and prevention of vata-kapha dominant diseases in supraclavicular region.</li>

+

<ol><li style="font-weight:bold">Prayorika or [[Shamana|shamana]] dhumapana (preventing or pacifying [[Vyadhi|diseases]]) Prayogika dhumapana is advised for healthy individuals for preservation of health and prevention of [[Vata dosha|vata]]-[[Kapha dosha|kapha]] dominant [[Vyadhi|diseases]] in supraclavicular region.</li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Snaihikadhumapana (lubricating) Snaihikadhumapana is done with unctuous substance and intended for oleation purpose.</li>

−

<li style="font-weight:bold">Vairechanikadhumapana (cleansing) ~~Vairechanikadhumapanais~~ done with substance having cleansing properties with an intention to remove the aggravated dosha in supraclavicular region.</li>

+

<li style="font-weight:bold">Vairechanikadhumapana (cleansing) Vairechanikadhumapana is done with substance having cleansing properties with an intention to remove the aggravated [[Dosha|dosha]] in supraclavicular region.</li>

</ol>

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|Acc. to acharya Charak, there are eight specific times when it can be done

−

[Ch.Sa.~~SutraSthana5~~/58]

+

[Ch.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana|SutraSthana]]5/58]

# Snatva (After bathing)

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# Nidrante (After waking up)

−

Acc. To Acharya Sushrut four specific times to do[Su.Sa. ChikitsaSthana 40/13]

+

Acc. To Acharya Sushrut four specific times to do[Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|ChikitsaSthana]] 40/13]

# After brushing teeth

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|Acc. to acharya Sushrut

−

[Su.Sa.ChikitsaSthana, 40/13]

+

[Su.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana|ChikitsaSthana]], 40/13]

# After evacuation of urine and faeces

# After sneezing

−

# After laughing

+

# After laughing

# After coitus

# After anger

|Acc. to acharya Sushrut

−

[Su.Sa.ChikitsaSthana, 40/13]

+

[Su.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana|ChikitsaSthana]], 40/13]

# After bathing

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== Preparation of medicated wick for smoking (dhumavarti) ==

−

<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li style="font-weight:bold">Prayogika dhumapana [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 5/20-24] '''Materials:''' Harenuka (Aconitum novoluridum), Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla), Prithvika (Ammonum subulatum), Keshar (Crocus sativus), Nakha (Helix aspera), Hriver (Pavonia odorata), Chandan (Santalum album), Patra (Cinnamomum tamala), Twak Cinnamomum zeylanicum), Ela (Elettaria cardamomum), Usheera (Vetiveria zizaniodes), Padmaka (Prunus cerasoides), Dhyamaka (Cymbopogon martini), Madhuka (Madhuca longifolia), ~~Mansi~~ (Nardostachys jatamansi), Guggulu (Commiphora mukul), Agaru (Aquilaria agallocha), Sharkara, Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis), Udumbara (Ficus glomerata), Ashvattha (Ficus religiosa), Plaksha (Ficus virens), Lodhra (Symplocos racemose), Vanya (Dioscorea bulbifera), Sarjarasa (Vateria indica), Musta (Cyprus rotundus), Shaileya (Parmelia perlata), Utpala, Shreeveshtaka (Pinus roxburghii), Shallaki (Boswellia serrata), Sthauneyaka (Taxus baccata). '''Method'''

+

<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li style="font-weight:bold">Prayogika dhumapana [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 5/20-24] '''Materials:''' Harenuka (Aconitum novoluridum), Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla), Prithvika (Ammonum subulatum), Keshar (Crocus sativus), Nakha (Helix aspera), Hriver (Pavonia odorata), [[Chandana|Chandan (Santalum album)]], [[Patra|Patra (Cinnamomum tamala)]], [[Twak|Twak (Cinnamomum zeylanicum)]], [[Ela|Ela (Elettaria cardamomum)]], Usheera (Vetiveria zizaniodes), [[Padmaka|Padmaka (Prunus cerasoides)]], Dhyamaka (Cymbopogon martini), [[Madhuka|Madhuka (Madhuca longifolia)]], [[Jatamansi|Janmansi (Nardostachys jatamansi)]], [[Guggulu|Guggulu (Commiphora mukul)]], Agaru (Aquilaria agallocha), Sharkara, Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis), [[Udumbara|Udumbara (Ficus glomerata)]], [[Ashvattha|Ashvattha (Ficus religiosa)]], [[Plaksha|Plaksha (Ficus virens)]], [[Lodhra|Lodhra (Symplocos racemose)]], Vanya (Dioscorea bulbifera), Sarjarasa (Vateria indica), [[Musta|Musta (Cyprus rotundus)]], Shaileya (Parmelia perlata), Utpala, Shreeveshtaka (Pinus roxburghii), [[Shallaki|Shallaki (Boswellia serrata)]], Sthauneyaka (Taxus baccata). '''Method'''

* Make paste of above-mentioned drugs by grinding and adding water.

* Stick that paste on a shareshika (pipe like structure) such that it’s width should be more in centre and narrow at the ends.

−

* Pramana (measurements): angushtha pramana (thickness of thumb)

+

* [[Pramana|Pramana (measurements)]]: angushtha [[Pramana|pramana]] (thickness of thumb)

* Length: Twelve angula (measurement by fingers approx.21.12 cm). (Acc. to acharya Charak) and eight angula (measurement by fingers approx. 14.08 cm) (Acc. to acharya Sushrut)

* Dry that varti (wick) in shade and then remove it from shareshika (pipe like structure). </li>

−

<li style="font-weight:bold">Snaihika dhumapana [Cha. Sa. Sutra Sthana 5/25] '''Materials:''' Vasa (fat), ghrita (clarified butter), Madhuchhishta (beeswax), Jeevaniya gana drugs (Jeevaka- Malaxis acuminate, Rishabhaka- Manilkara hexandra, Meda- Polygonatum cirrhifolium, Mahameda- Polygonatum verticilatum, Kakoli- Fritillaria roylei, Ksheerkakoli- Roscoea purpurea, Mudgaparni- Phaseolus trilobus, Mashaparni- Teramnus labialis, Jeevanti- Leptadenia reticulata, Madhuka- Glycyrrhiza glabra) '''Method'''

+

<li style="font-weight:bold">Snaihika dhumapana [Cha. Sa. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 5/25] '''Materials:''' Vasa (fat), ghrita (clarified butter), Madhuchhishta (beeswax), Jeevaniya gana drugs (Jeevaka- Malaxis acuminate, Rishabhaka- Manilkara hexandra, Meda- Polygonatum cirrhifolium, Mahameda- Polygonatum verticilatum, Kakoli- Fritillaria roylei, Ksheerkakoli- Roscoea purpurea, Mudgaparni- Phaseolus trilobus, Mashaparni- Teramnus labialis, Jeevanti- Leptadenia reticulata, Madhuka- Glycyrrhiza glabra) '''Method'''

* Mix the jeevaniya gana dravya with vasa, ghrita and madhuchhishta (beeswax) </li>

−

<li style="font-weight:bold">Vairechanika dhumapana '''Materials:''' Aparajita (Clitoria ternatea), Jyotishmati (Celastrus paniculatus), Hartal, Manah-shila, Gandha agaru (Aquiularia agallocha), Patra(Cinnamomum tamala) etc. '''Method'''

+

<li style="font-weight:bold">Vairechanika dhumapana '''Materials:''' Aparajita (Clitoria ternatea), [[Jyotishmati|Jyotishmati (Celastrus paniculatus)]], Hartal, Manah-shila, Gandha agaru (Aquiularia agallocha), [[Patra|Patra(Cinnamomum tamala)]] etc. '''Method'''

* Prepare the dhumavarti as mentioned above in prayogika dhumapana </li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Dhumanetra (nozzle for the smoking) '''Material-''' Should be made of the same material as bastinetra (Suvarna- gold, silver, ranga-tin, lead, copper, bronze etc). '''Structure-'''

* It should have 3 kosha (curves).

−

* Base should have a hole of angushtha pramana (.).

+

* Base should have a hole of angushtha [[Pramana|pramana]] (.).

−

* Upper part should also have a hole of kolasthi pramana (..). </li></ol>

+

* Upper part should also have a hole of kolasthi [[Pramana|pramana]] (..). </li></ol>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:justify;"

|+Acc. to acharya Sushruta dimensions for dhumavarti is described:

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!Kasaghna and vamaniya

|-

−

|'''Pramana- kanishthika anguli (breadth with little finger) '''

+

|'''[[Pramana|Pramana]]- kanishthika anguli (breadth with little finger) '''

48 angula (84.48cm) length

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|-

| style="text-align:center;" |1.

−

|'''Snigdha or mridu (soft or lubricating)''' [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 21/13]

+

|'''Snigdha or mridu (soft or lubricating)''' [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 21/13]

−

|Agaru (Aquilaria agllocha), Guggulu (Commiphora mukul), Nagarmotha (Cyprus rotundus), Thuner (Taxus wallichiana), Shaileya (Parmelia perlata), Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi), Khas (Chrysopogon zizanioides), Netrabala (Pavonia odorata), Dalchini c, Renuka (Vitex negundo), Yastimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Bilwa (Aegle marmelos) majja, Elvaluka (Prunus cerasus), Shreeveshtaka (Pinus roxburghii), Sarjarasa (Vateria indica), Dhyamka (Cymbopogon schoenanthus), Shallaki (Boswellia serrata), Kumkum (Mallotus philippensis), Masha (Vigna mungo), Yava (Hordeum vulgare), Kunduru (Coccinia grandis), Tila (Sesamum indicum), Sneha (Oil), Meda (fat), Majja , Vasa (fat), Ghrita (Clarified butter)

+

|Agaru (Aquilaria agllocha), [[Guggulu|Guggulu (Commiphora mukul)]], Nagarmotha (Cyprus rotundus), Thuner (Taxus wallichiana), Shaileya (Parmelia perlata), [[Jatamansi|Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi)]], Khas (Chrysopogon zizanioides), Netrabala (Pavonia odorata), Dalchini c, Renuka (Vitex negundo), Yastimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Bilwa (Aegle marmelos) majja, Elvaluka (Prunus cerasus), Shreeveshtaka (Pinus roxburghii), Sarjarasa (Vateria indica), Dhyamka (Cymbopogon schoenanthus), [[Shallaki|Shallaki (Boswellia serrata)]], Kumkum (Mallotus philippensis), [[Masha|Masha (Vigna mungo)]], [[Yava|Yava (Hordeum vulgare)]], Kunduru (Coccinia grandis), [[Tila|Tila (Sesamum indicum)]], Sneha (Oil), [[Meda|Meda (fat)]], [[Majja|Majja]], Vasa (fat), Ghrita (Clarified butter)

|-

| style="text-align:center;" |2.

−

|'''Madhyama or Shamana (moderate or pacifying)''' [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 21/16]

+

|'''Madhyama or [[Shamana|Shamana]] (moderate or pacifying)''' [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 21/16]

−

|Shallaki (Boswellia serrata), Laksha (Laccifer lacca), Prithvika (Ammonum subutalum), Kamal (Nelumbo nucifera), Utpala (Nymphea alba),Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis), Udumbara (Ficus glomerata), Ashvatha (Ficus religiosa), Plaksha (Ficus virens), Lodhra (Symplocos racemose), Twaka (Boswellia serrata), Sita, Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Padmaka (Prunus cerasoides), Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia), Kushtha (Saussurea lappa), Tagara (Valeriana wallichii)

+

|[[Shallaki|Shallaki (Boswellia serrata)]], Laksha (Laccifer lacca), Prithvika (Ammonum subutalum), Kamal (Nelumbo nucifera), Utpala (Nymphea alba), Nyagrodha (Ficus bengalensis), [[Udumbara|Udumbara (Ficus glomerata)]], Ashvatha (Ficus religiosa), [[Plaksha|Plaksha (Ficus virens)]], [[Lodhra|Lodhra (Symplocos racemose)]], Twaka (Boswellia serrata), Sita, [[Yashtimadhu|Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra)]], [[Padmaka|Padmaka (Prunus cerasoides)]], Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia), [[Kushtha Chikitsa|Kushtha]] (Saussurea lappa), [[Tagara|Tagara (Valeriana wallichii)]]

|-

| style="text-align:center;" |3.

−

|'''Teekshna (strong or cleansing)''' [A.Hr. Sutra Sthana 21/17]

+

|'''Teekshna (strong or cleansing)''' [A.Hr. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 21/17]

−

|Jyotishmati (Celastrus paniculatus), Haridra Curcuma longa), Dashamool (Bilwa- Aegle marmelos, Agnimantha- Premna mucronate, Shyonaka- Oroxylum indicum, Patala- Stereospermum suaveolens, Gambhari- Gmelina arborea, Brihati- Solanum indicum, Kantakari- Solanum xanthocarpum, Gokshura- Tribulus terrestris, Shalaparrni- Desmodium gangeticum, Prishnaparni- Uraria pictta), Manah-shila, Hartal, Laksha (Laccifer lacca), Apamarga (Achyranthes aspera), Triphala (Amalaki- Phyllanthus emblilca, Vibhitaki- Terminalia bellerica, Haritaki- Terminalia cheebula), Gandha dravya (aromatics), Shirovirechana gana (nasal errhines)

+

|[[Jyotishmati|Jyotishmati (Celastrus paniculatus)]], [[Haridra|Haridra Curcuma longa)]], Dashamool (Bilwa- Aegle marmelos, Agnimantha- Premna mucronate, [[Shyonaka|Shyonaka- Oroxylum indicum]], [[Patala|Patala- Stereospermum suaveolens]], Gambhari- Gmelina arborea, Brihati- Solanum indicum, [[Kantakari|Kantakari- Solanum xanthocarpum]], [[Gokshura|Gokshura- Tribulus terrestris]], Shalaparrni- Desmodium gangeticum, Prishnaparni- Uraria pictta), Manah-shila, Hartal, Laksha (Laccifer lacca), [[Apamarga|Apamarga (Achyranthes aspera)]], Triphala ([[Amalaki|Amalaki]]- Phyllanthus emblilca, Vibhitaki- Terminalia bellerica, Haritaki- Terminalia cheebula), Gandha dravya (aromatics), Shirovirechana gana (nasal errhines)

|}

== Indications ==

−

Dhumapana is indicated in following diseases:

+

Dhumapana is indicated in following [[Vyadhi|diseases]]:

{| class="wikitable"

|

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* Karna shoola (earache)

* Akshi shola (ocular pain)

−

* Kasa (cough)

+

* [[Kasa Chikitsa|Kasa (cough)]]

−

* Hikka (hiccups)

+

* [[Hikka Shwasa Chikitsa|Hikka (hiccups)]]

−

* Shwasa (asthma)

+

* [[Shwasa|Shwasa (asthma)]]

* Galagraha (sour throat)

* Danta-daurbalya (weakness in gums)

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* Manyagraha (stiffness in Neck)

* Kandu (itching)

−

* Krimi (worm infestation)

+

* Krimi (worm infestation)

* Mukha-panduta (pale face)

* Shleshma-Praseka (secretion from mouth)

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== Unfit for dhumapana ==

−

<ol><li>Those are having following diseases should avoid taking dhumapana [Su.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 40/11]

+

<ol><li>Those are having following [[Vyadhi|diseases]] should avoid taking dhumapana [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 40/11]

{| class="wikitable"

|

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* Krodha (anger)

* Visha (toxins)

−

* Raktapitta (bleeding disorder)

+

* [[Raktapitta|Raktapitta (bleeding disorder)]]

* Mada (intoxication)

* Murchha (unconsciousness)

−

* Daha (burning sensation in body)

+

* Daha (burning sensation in [[Sharira|body]])

* Pipasa (thirst)

* Urdhva vata

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|

* Talushosha (dryness in palate)

−

* Chhardi (vomiting)

+

* [[Chhardi Chikitsa|Chhardi (vomiting)]]

* Shiro-abhighata (Traumatic head injury)

* Udgara (belching)

−

* Langhana

+

* [[Langhana|Langhana]]

* Timir (myopia)

−

* Prameha (diabetes)

+

* [[Prameha Nidana|Prameha (diabetes)]]

−

* Udar (ascites)

+

* [[Udara Chikitsa|Udar (ascites)]]

* Adhmana (constipation)

−

* Kshata-ksheena (wasting/ Emaciation)

+

* [[Kshatakshina Chikitsa|Kshata-ksheena (wasting/ Emaciation)]]

* Urah-kshata (tuberculosis)

|}</li>

−

<li>Unfit for dhumapana: vrudhha (old age), balaka (children), garbhini (pregnant women), durbala (weak), after virechana (after purgation) and niruha basti (enema with decoction), ratri-jagrana (waking during night time), people having alpa kapha in body. </li>

+

<li>Unfit for dhumapana: vrudhha (old age), balaka (children), garbhini (pregnant women), durbala (weak), after [[Virechana|virechana]] (after purgation) and [[Asthapana basti|niruha basti (enema with decoction)]], ratri-jagrana (waking during night time), people having alpa [[Kapha dosha|kapha]] in [[Sharira|body]]. </li>

<li>Unfit after consuming: madhu (honey), ghrita (clarified butter), dadhi (curd), dugdha (milk), matsya (fish), madya (fermented drink), yavagu (gruels) </li></ol>

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* Inhalation of smoke can be done by nostril or mouth but exhalation should only be done through mouth.

−

== Clinical features of proper dhumapana [ Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 5/37] ==

+

== Clinical features of proper dhumapana [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 5/37] ==

−

* Purity and lightness in chest region (hrudaya),throat (kantha) and all sense organs (indriya), lightness in head and supra clavicular region (urdhvajatru).

+

* Purity and lightness in chest region (hrudaya),throat (kantha) and all sense organs ([[Indriya|indriya]]), lightness in head and supra clavicular region (urdhvajatru).

−

* Elimination of kapha and vata dosha.

+

* Elimination of [[Kapha dosha|kapha]] and [[Vata dosha|vata dosha]].

−

== Clinical features of less dhumapana [Su.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 40/12] ==

+

== Clinical features of less dhumapana [Su.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 40/12] ==

* Unclear voice

−

* Kapha in kantha (throat)

+

* [[Kapha dosha|Kapha]] in kantha (throat)

* Heaviness and stiffness in head

* Unclear oral cavity

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!Acc. to acharya Sushrut

−

[Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 40/17]

+

[Su.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 40/17]

!Acc. to acharya Charak

−

[Ch.Sa.Sutra Sthana 5/38-39]

+

[Ch.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana|Sutra Sthana]] 5/38-39]

|-style="vertical-align:top;"

|

* Talushosha (dryness of palate)

* Galashosha (dryness of throat)

−

* Daha (burning sensation in body)

+

* Daha (burning sensation in [[Sharira|body]])

* Pipasa (thirst)

* Murchha (unconsciousness)

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* Badhirya (deafness)

* Aandhya (blindness)

−

* Mukatva (unable to talk)

+

* Mukatva (unable to talk)

−

* Raktapitta (bleeding disorder)

+

* [[Raktapitta|Raktapitta (bleeding disorder)]]

* Shiro-bhrama (delusion)

|}

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* Murchha (unconsciousness)

* Shiroruja (headache)

−

* Ghrana (nose), shrotra (ear), jihva (tongue) diseases.

+

* [[Ghrana|Ghrana (nose)]], [[Shrotra|shrotra (ear)]], jihva (tongue) [[Vyadhi|diseases]].

== Dhumapana indicated as treatment for various diseases ==

−

<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li style="font-weight:bold">Vairechanika dhumapana is prescribed in the treatment of krimi (worm infestation), kushtha (Skin diseases), kilasa (Vitiligo). [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 7/ 49] </li>

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<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li style="font-weight:bold">Vairechanika dhumapana is prescribed in the treatment of krimi (worm infestation), [[Kushtha Chikitsa|kushtha (Skin diseases)]], kilasa (Vitiligo). [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 7/ 49] </li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">In unmada chikitsa, if the patient is having peenasa (paranasal sinusitis) and mukhapraseka (excessive salivation), then the vairechanika dhumapana or dhumapana prepared with shweta (Clitoria ternatea) etc, drugs with hngu (Ferula aesfoetida) should be used. [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 9/73] </li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">In [[Unmada Chikitsa|unmada chikitsa]], if the patient is having peenasa (paranasal sinusitis) and mukhapraseka (excessive salivation), then the vairechanika dhumapana or dhumapana prepared with [[Shweta|shweta (Clitoria ternatea)]] etc, drugs with hngu (Ferula aesfoetida) should be used. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 9/73] </li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Vataja pratishyaya (allergic rhinitis): Saunf (Foeniculum vulgare), Twak (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), Bala (Sida cordifolia), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum), Erand (Ricinus communis) moola, Aragwadha (Cassia fistula), paste (kalka) of these drugs should be added with madhuchhishta (Beeswax), vasa (fat) and ghrita (clarified butter), and prepared dhumavarti should be used. [Cha. Sa. Chiikitsa Sthana 30/ 136] </li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Vataja pratishyaya (allergic rhinitis): Saunf (Foeniculum vulgare), [[Twak|Twak (Cinnamomum zeylanicum)]], Bala (Sida cordifolia), [[Shyonaka|Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum)]], [[Eranda|Erand (Ricinus communis)]] moola, Aragwadha (Cassia fistula), paste (kalka) of these drugs should be added with madhuchhishta (Beeswax), vasa (fat) and ghrita (clarified butter), and prepared dhumavarti should be used. [Cha. Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chiikitsa Sthana]] 30/ 136] </li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Naveen pratishyaya (rhinitis): Dhumavarti made of yava (Hordeum vulgare) saktu and ghrita (clarified butter) should be used for dhumapana. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/137]</li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Naveen pratishyaya (rhinitis): Dhumavarti made of [[Yava|yava (Hordeum vulgare)]] saktu and ghrita (clarified butter) should be used for dhumapana. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/137]</li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Kaphaja pratishyaya (rhinitis): Dhumavarti made up of pungent (katu) rasa dravya should be used. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/ 151] </li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Kaphaja pratishyaya (rhinitis): Dhumavarti made up of [[Katu|pungent (katu)]] rasa [[Dravya|dravya]] should be used. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/ 151] </li>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Shiriroga (diseases of head): Dhumavarti prepared from Erandamoola (Ricinus communis), Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi), Kshauma, Guggulu (Commiphora mukul), Agaru (Aquilaria agallocha), Chandana (Santalum album) should be used. [Cha.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 30/ 182] </li></ol>

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<li style="font-weight:bold">Shiriroga (diseases of head): Dhumavarti prepared from Erandamoola (Ricinus communis), [[Jatamansi|Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi)]], Kshauma, [[Guggulu|Guggulu (Commiphora mukul)]], Agaru (Aquilaria agallocha), [[Chandana|Chandana (Santalum album)]] should be used. [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana|Chikitsa Sthana]] 30/ 182] </li></ol>

== Contemporary approach ==

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=== Previous research works ===

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<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li style="font-weight:bold">Dhumapana: An effective Ayurvedic herbal smoking technique for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 like diseases: In this article, a description of ayurveda procedure dhumapana and its customized preparation method with basic ingredients are described for first-aid treatment of respiratory diseases like COVID-19 and for prevention as well.<ref name="ref2">Kumaravel, G. (2020) Dhumapana: An effective ayurvedic herbal smoking technique for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 like diseases. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343111210_Dhumapana_An_effective_Ayurvedic_herbal_smoking_technique_for_prevention_and_treatment_of_COVID-19_like_diseases (Accessed: April 14, 2023). </ref></li>

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<ol style="text-align:justify;"><li style="font-weight:bold">Dhumapana: An effective Ayurvedic herbal smoking technique for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 like [[Vyadhi|diseases]]: In this article, a description of [[Ayurveda|ayurveda]] procedure dhumapana and its customized preparation method with basic ingredients are described for first-aid treatment of respiratory [[Vyadhi|diseases]] like COVID-19 and for prevention as well.<ref name="ref2">Kumaravel, G. (2020) Dhumapana: An effective ayurvedic herbal smoking technique for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 like diseases. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343111210_Dhumapana_An_effective_Ayurvedic_herbal_smoking_technique_for_prevention_and_treatment_of_COVID-19_like_diseases (Accessed: April 14, 2023). </ref></li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">Effect of Haridra (turmeric) dhumapana and swasakuthara rasa in tamaka shvasa: A comparative trial<ref name="ref3">Patil, S. (2020) Sankramma Patil et al: Effect of Haridra Dhumapana and Svasakutara Ras in Tamaka svasa- A comparative study. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Manjunatha-Ns/publication/347541615_EFFECT_OF_HARIDRA_DHUMAPANA_AND_SVASAKUTARA_RAS_IN_TAMAKA_SVASA_-A_COMPARATIVE_STUDY/links/5fe1958aa6fdccdcb8ef9e50/EFFECT-OF-HARIDRA-DHUMAPANA-AND-SVASAKUTARA-RAS-IN-TAMAKA-SVASA-A-COMPARATIVE-STUDY.pdf (Accessed: April 15, 2023). </ref></li>

<li style="font-weight:bold">The effect of dhumapana therapy in comparative study of Haridra (turmeric) dhumapana and Behada dhumavarti in the preventive management of tamaka shwasa.<ref name="ref4">Tawar, V.L.S. et al. (no date) The effect of Dhumpana Therapy in comparative study of Haridra Dhumpana and Behada Dhumvarti in the preventive management of Tamak shwasa, Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences. Available at: https://jaims.in/jaims/article/view/806 (Accessed: April 15, 2023). </ref></li></ol>

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The above-mentioned works have described the concepts and benefits of dhumapana and its effects in treatment of infectious as well as non-infectious diseases. Mainly, it is found useful in the diseases pertaining to head and neck - urdhwajatrugata roga (diseases manifested above the clavicle).

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The above-mentioned works have described the concepts and benefits of dhumapana and its effects in treatment of infectious as well as non-infectious [[Vyadhi|diseases]]. Mainly, it is found useful in the [[Vyadhi|diseases]] pertaining to head and neck - urdhwajatrugata roga ([[Vyadhi|diseases]] manifested above the clavicle).

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