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The Sanskrit word ‘tanmatra’ literally means subtle elements. It reflects the knowledge of atoms in ancient classics. Ayurveda being the life science has focused on the genesis of life along with the fulfillment of long healthy life. This concept of genesis of life in Ayurveda find its roots in Sankhya philosophy and Vedant Philosophy. This concept of tanmatras is reflected as the influence of Sankhya and Vedant philosophy on Ayurved.

The Sanskrit word ‘tanmatra’ literally means subtle elements. It reflects the knowledge of atoms in ancient classics. [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] being the [[Ayu|life]] science has focused on the genesis of [[Ayu|life]] along with the fulfillment of long healthy [[Ayu|life]]. This concept of genesis of [[Ayu|life]] in [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] find its roots in [[Sharira Sankhya Sharira|Sankhya]] philosophy and Vedant Philosophy. This concept of tanmatras is reflected as the influence of [[Sharira Sankhya Sharira|Sankhya]] and Vedant philosophy on [[Ayurveda|Ayurved]].

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=== Definition ===

=== Definition ===

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Tanmatras are trifled, rudimentary or subtle elements from which the grosser elements (mahabhoota) are produced.<ref>Sir Monnier Williams, Sanskrit English Dictionary, Southern Publication, Madras, 1987, P. 434.</ref> The shabdadi (subject of senses/ quality of Mahabhootas) which are anudbhuta (In evolutionary stage) and can not be sensed by external sense organs are ‘tanmatras’. Only a person with highly developed senses like yogi can experience it.<ref>Dalhan, NibandhSangraha commentary on SushrutSamhita,SharirSthana Chapter1,Verse 4,Chaukhamba Orientallia, Varanasi 1997,p. 339.</ref></div>

Tanmatras are trifled, rudimentary or subtle elements from which the grosser elements ([[Pancha mahabhuta|mahabhoota]]) are produced.<ref>Sir Monnier Williams, Sanskrit English Dictionary, Southern Publication, Madras, 1987, P. 434.</ref> The shabdadi (subject of senses/ quality of [[Pancha mahabhuta|Mahabhootas]]) which are anudbhuta (In evolutionary stage) and can not be sensed by external sense organs are ‘tanmatras’. Only a person with highly developed senses like yogi can experience it.<ref>Dalhan, NibandhSangraha commentary on SushrutSamhita,SharirSthana Chapter1,Verse 4,Chaukhamba Orientallia, Varanasi 1997,p. 339.</ref></div>

== Types of tanmatras ==

== Types of tanmatras ==

There are five sense perceptions -hearing, touch, sight, taste and smell and there are five tanmatras corresponding to the five-sense perception <ref>Gaudpadabhashya on ShriIshvarkrishnavirachitaSankhyakarika,Verse22 Chaukhamba Sanskrit SerieseOffice,Varanasi, 1953. P.4,5.</ref>

There are five sense perceptions -hearing, touch, sight, taste and smell and there are five tanmatras corresponding to the five-sense perception <ref>Gaudpadabhashya on ShriIshvarkrishnavirachitaSankhyakarika,Verse22 Chaukhamba Sanskrit SerieseOffice,Varanasi, 1953. P.4,5.</ref>

<br/>These are five in number

<br/>These are five in number

# Shabdatanmatra or sukshma akasha mahabhuta

# Shabdatanmatra or sukshma [[Akasha mahabhuta|akasha mahabhuta]]

# Sparshatanmatra or sukshmavayumahabhuta

# Sparshatanmatra or sukshma [[Vayu mahabhuta|vayumahabhuta]]

# Rupa tanmatra or sukshmateja/agnimahabhuta

# Rupa tanmatra or sukshma [[Agni mahabhuta|teja/agnimahabhuta]]

# Rasa tanmatra or sukshmajala/aapmahabhuta

# Rasa tanmatra or sukshma [[Jala mahabhuta|jala/aapmahabhuta]]

# Gandhatanmatra or sukshmaprithvimahabhuta</div>

# Gandhatanmatra or sukshma [[Prithvi mahabhuta|prithvimahabhuta]]</div>

=== Synonyms ===

=== Synonyms ===

| style="text-align:center;" | 1

| style="text-align:center;" | 1

| Mulaprakriti (origin/ creator)

| Mulaprakriti (origin/ creator)

| prakriti

| [[Prakriti|prakriti]]

| style="text-align:center;" | 01

| style="text-align:center;" | 01

|-

|-

| style="text-align:center;" | 3

| style="text-align:center;" | 3

| Vikar (creation)

| Vikar (creation)

| Panchamahabhoota (Five fundamental elements)<br/>Panchajnanendrya (Five sense organs)<br/>Panchakarmendriya (five motor organs)<br/>Mind (mana)

| [[Pancha mahabhuta|Panchamahabhoota]] (Five fundamental elements)<br/>Panchajnanendrya (Five sense organs)<br/>Panchakarmendriya (five motor organs)<br/>[[Manas|Mind (mana)]]

| style="text-align:center;" | 16

| style="text-align:center;" | 16

|-

|-

| style="text-align:center;" | 4

| style="text-align:center;" | 4

| Na prakriti navikar (neither creator nor creation)

| Na [[Prakriti|prakriti]] navikar (neither creator nor creation)

| Purusha

| [[Purusha|Purusha]]

| style="text-align:center;" | 01

| style="text-align:center;" | 01

|-

|-

|}

|}

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According to Sankhyas at the initial stage the two original eternal principles are mulaprakruti or avyakta (principal origin) and purusha.<br/>Prakriti is the original state with balanced state of triguna, everything is in a mass and one thing cannot be distinguished from one another. Prakriti with the help of purusha causes the creation. <ref>Dr.D.L. Chary, A Textbook of PadarthaVijnanaEvumAyurvedItihasa,Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan,Delhi,2017, P.74.</ref><br/>

According to Sankhyas at the initial stage the two original eternal principles are mulaprakruti or [[Avyakta|avyakta]] (principal origin) and [[Purusha|purusha]].<br/>[[Prakriti|Prakriti]] is the original state with balanced state of [[Triguna|triguna]], everything is in a mass and one thing cannot be distinguished from one another. [[Prakriti|Prakriti]] with the help of [[Purusha|purusha]] causes the creation. <ref>Dr.D.L. Chary, A Textbook of PadarthaVijnanaEvumAyurvedItihasa,Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan,Delhi,2017, P.74.</ref><br/>

The next principle mahat (cosmic intellect) gets originated from avyakta, and this further originates ahankara (ego/ self sense of cosmos). The ahankara is of three types.

The next principle mahat (cosmic intellect) gets originated from [[Avyakta|avyakta]], and this further originates ahankara (ego/ self sense of cosmos). The ahankara is of three types.

# Sattvika: Ahankara with dominance of sattva, also known as vaikarika.

# Sattvika: Ahankara with dominance of [[Sattva|sattva]], also known as vaikarika.

# Rajasika: Ahankara with dominance of rajas, also known as tejas.

# Rajasika: Ahankara with dominance of [[Rajas|rajas]], also known as tejas.

# Tamasika: Ahankara with dominance of tamas, also known as bhutadi.

# Tamasika: Ahankara with dominance of [[Tamas|tamas]], also known as bhutadi.

The tanmatras originate from tamas ahankara with the help of rajas ahankara. These tanmatras are subtle structures considered as ‘avishesha’ and are the sources of panchamahabhuta (five basic elements). The panchamahabhuta are macroscopic structures and categorized as vikara (creations). Eleven indriyas originate from satvika ahankara with help of rajasika ahankara. Tanmatras are principles/ elements with dual nature (i.e. creator and creations) originated from tamas and rajas ahankara. These tanmatras create gross elements.</div>

The tanmatras originate from tamas ahankara with the help of [[Rajas|rajas]] ahankara. These tanmatras are subtle structures considered as ‘avishesha’ and are the sources of panchamahabhuta (five basic elements). The [[Pancha mahabhuta|panchamahabhuta]] are macroscopic structures and categorized as vikara (creations). Eleven [[Indriya|indriyas]] originate from satvika ahankara with help of rajasika ahankara. Tanmatras are principles/ elements with dual nature (i.e. creator and creations) originated from [[Tamas|tamas]] and [[Rajas|rajas]] ahankara. These tanmatras create gross elements.</div>

== Vedant philosophy ==

== Vedant philosophy ==

<div style='text-align:justify;'>In the text ‘Vedant Sara’, in context of explaining the surge of universe, it is mentioned that Chaitanya (consciousness), when covered by tamas dominance, creates akasha. Thereafter, vayu is originates from akasha; teja originates from vayu and further jala  originates from teja. Lastly prithvi originates from jala. At this time, these subtle elements (sukshmabhuta) or tanmatras are apanchikruta<ref>ShrimatsadanandYogeendra, Vedantsar, Verse 18, Chaukhambha Publishers, Varanasi,1998, P28</ref>  (singular and not quintupled)..

<div style='text-align:justify;'>In the text ‘Vedant Sara’, in context of explaining the surge of universe, it is mentioned that Chaitanya (consciousness), when covered by [[Tamas|tamas]] dominance, creates [[Akasha mahabhuta|akasha]]. Thereafter, [[Vayu mahabhuta|vayu]] is originates from [[Akasha mahabhuta|akasha]]; [[Agni mahabhuta|teja]] originates from [[Vayu mahabhuta|vayu]] and further [[Jala mahabhuta|jala]] originates from [[Agni mahabhuta|teja]]. Lastly [[Prithvi mahabhuta|prithvi]] originates from [[Jala mahabhuta|jala]]. At this time, these subtle elements (sukshmabhuta) or tanmatras are apanchikruta<ref>ShrimatsadanandYogeendra, Vedantsar, Verse 18, Chaukhambha Publishers, Varanasi,1998, P28</ref>  (singular and not quintupled)..

<br/>Panchikarana (quintiplication) is the process explained by Vedanta for the formation of gross elements from tanmatras.</div>

<br/>Panchikarana (quintiplication) is the process explained by Vedanta for the formation of gross elements from tanmatras.</div>