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Marma are the vital areas of the body. Injury to these areas can cause death or serious damage to body or health. Marma is one of the unique and important topics discussed in Ayurveda. It plays an essential role in surgery. Hence it is called Shalya Vishayardha (half knowledge of surgery).  

Marma are the vital areas of the [[Sharira|body]]. Injury to these areas can cause death or serious damage to [[Sharira|body]] or health. Marma is one of the unique and important topics discussed in [[Ayurveda|Ayurveda]]. It plays an essential role in surgery. Hence it is called Shalya Vishayardha (half knowledge of surgery).  

Marmas are  the sites of prana (soul), agni (light or heat: a source of eternal energy), soma (water or an eternal source of calmness) and panchamahabhuta (five fundamental elements). Prognosis after injury, significantly depends on the composition of these vital energies.   

Marmas are  the sites of [[Prana|prana (soul)]], [[Agni|agni]] (light or heat: a source of eternal energy), soma (water or an eternal source of calmness) and [[Pancha mahabhuta|panchamahabhuta (five fundamental elements)]]. Prognosis after injury, significantly depends on the composition of these vital energies.   

The science of Marma was known to mankind from Vedic period, and it has especially been designed to determine the prognosis of injuries at the time of war. Simultaneously, marma knowledge was applied to cause fatal trauma to the enemy leading to victory on the battlefield. Acharya Charaka mentions the 107 Marmas in Charak Samhita (100BCE-200BC). However, being a physician, Charak has emphasized three major marmas, which are shira (head), hridaya (heart), and basti (urinary bladder). He gave a vivid description in Charak Samhita [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 26/01].  Acharya Sushruta also identified 107 Marmas in the human body. As a surgeon, he contributed detailed explanations on this topic. Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned 107 marmas in Sharira Sthana of Ashtanga Hridaya with slight variation.  The present article describes marma concept, surface anatomy, and practical application.   

The science of Marma was known to mankind from Vedic period, and it has especially been designed to determine the prognosis of injuries at the time of war. Simultaneously, marma knowledge was applied to cause fatal trauma to the enemy leading to victory on the battlefield. Acharya Charaka mentions the 107 Marmas in [[Charak Samhita New Edition|Charak Samhita]] (100BCE-200BC). However, being a physician, Charak has emphasized three major marmas, which are shira (head), [[Hridaya|hridaya (heart)]], and [[Basti|basti (urinary bladder)]]. He gave a vivid description in [[Charak Samhita New Edition|Charak Samhita]] [Cha. Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 26/01].  Acharya Sushruta also identified 107 Marmas in the human [[Sharira|body]]. As a surgeon, he contributed detailed explanations on this topic. Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned 107 marmas in [[Sharira Sthana|Sharira Sthana]] of Ashtanga [[Hridaya|Hridaya]] with slight variation.  The present article describes marma concept, surface anatomy, and practical application.   

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