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Line 30: − + − + − + − + + + + − <div style='text-align:justify;'> − The word ‘vireka’ or ‘virechana’ means purging or evacuation.<ref>Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, Vireka, Page 983</ref> It is one of the five purification procedures ([[panchakarma]]). Virechana is the best treatment to expel the vitiated [[pitta dosha]].[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40] This procedure is indicated for therapeutic purpose. The purges are induced after administration of medicine and stopped after effect is over. This procedure is different from pathological diarrhea caused due to disease pathogens. The elimination of waste materials can be done through the upper and lower routes. The word ‘shirovirechana’ is used to denote evacuation of morbid [[dosha]] from supraclavicular region by intra nasal administration of medicine. However, in a broader sense the term ‘virechana’ is used to denote the elimination of [[dosha]] from large bowels i.e. therapeutic purgation. [Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/4] This article focuses on therapeutic purgation. The word ‘purge’ is used to indicate a bout of defecation caused by purgative medicine. − + Line 109:
Line 112: − [Dalhana on Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 33/20] − *Dosage as per Sharangadhara if the medicine used is in the form of paste or tablet or powder form.[Sha.Sa.Uttara Khanda 4]<ref name=Shargadara>Sharangadhara. Sharangadhara Samhita. Translated from Sanskrit by K.R. Srikantha Murthy. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha orientalia;2016.</ref>+ Line 296:
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{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Virechana
|title=Virechana
|titlemode=append
|titlemode=append
|keywords=Virechana,Virechana in ayurveda,Virechana meaning,Virechana Definition,Charak samhita,carakasamhitaonline, Indian System of Medicine
|keywords=Virechana, Virechana in ayurveda, Virechana meaning, purging therapy, Charak samhita, carakasamhitaonline, Indian System of Medicine, therapeutic purgation, purgation therapy in ayurveda, detoxification therapy, bio purification, panchakarma, treatment of excess heat, skin diseases, constipation, bowel cleansing therapy
|description=Therapeutic purgation is one of the five Panchakarma procedures mainly indicated in disorders due to excess vitiation of Pitta dosha and rakta
|description=Therapeutic purgation is one of the five Panchakarma procedures mainly indicated in disorders due to excess vitiation of Pitta dosha and rakta
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg
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<p style="text-align:justify;">The word ‘vireka’ or ‘virechana’ means purging or evacuation.<ref>Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, Vireka, Page 983</ref> It is one of the five purification procedures ([[panchakarma]]). Virechana is the best treatment to expel the vitiated [[pitta dosha]].[Cha.Sa.[[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40] This procedure is indicated for therapeutic purpose. The purges are induced after administration of medicine and stopped after effect is over. This procedure is different from pathological diarrhea caused due to disease pathogens. The elimination of waste materials can be done through the upper and lower routes. The word ‘shirovirechana’ is used to denote evacuation of morbid [[dosha]] from supraclavicular region by intra nasal administration of medicine. However, in a broader sense the term ‘virechana’ is used to denote the elimination of [[dosha]] from large bowels i.e. therapeutic purgation. [Cha.Sa.[[Kalpa Sthana]] 1/4] This article focuses on therapeutic purgation. The word ‘purge’ is used to indicate a bout of defecation caused by purgative medicine.
</p>
{{Infobox
{{Infobox
|label2 = Authors
|label2 = Authors
|data2 = Aneesh E.G., Deole Y.S.
|data2 = Aneesh E.G., [[Yogesh Deole|Deole Y.S.]]
|label3 = Reviewed by
|label3 = Reviewed by
|data3 = Basisht G.
|data3 = [[Gopal Basisht|Basisht G.]]
|label4 = Affiliations
|label4 = Affiliations
|data5 = carakasamhita@gmail.com
|data5 = carakasamhita@gmail.com
|label6 = Date of first publication:
|label6 = Publisher
|data6 = December 01, 2020
|data6 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.T.R.A., Jamnagar, India
|label7 = DOI
|label7 = Date of first publication:
|data7 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s09.033 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s09.033]
|data7 = December 01, 2020
|label8 = DOI
|data8 = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s09.033 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s09.033]
}}
}}
==Etymology and derivation==
==Etymology and derivation==
<div style='text-align:justify;'>
The word virechana is derived by adding ‘vi’ prefix and ‘lyut’ suffix to the Sanskrit root ‘rich’ [vacaspatyam]. It means evacuation of waste materials (mala nissaranam).<ref name=VCP>Patil V C. Chap.12 Virechanakarma (Purgation therapy), In: Principles and practice of Pancakarma. Reprint ed. New Delhi: Chaukamba publications;2016</ref>
The word virechana is derived by adding ‘vi’ prefix and ‘lyut’ suffix to the Sanskrit root ‘rich’ [vacaspatyam]. It means evacuation of waste materials (mala nissaranam).<ref name=VCP>Patil V C. Chap.12 Virechanakarma (Purgation therapy), In: Principles and practice of Pancakarma. Reprint ed. New Delhi: Chaukamba publications;2016</ref>
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[Dalhana on Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 33/20] *Dosage as per Sharangadhara if the medicine used is in the form of paste or tablet or powder form.[Sha.Sa.Uttara Khanda 4]<ref name=Shargadara>Sharangadhara. Sharangadhara Samhita. Translated from Sanskrit by K.R. Srikantha Murthy. Reprint ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha orientalia;2016.</ref>
===Therapeutic purgation (pradhanakarma)===
===Therapeutic purgation (pradhanakarma)===
In a case report on rheumatoid arthritis, virechana showed significant reduction in RA factor to 50 IU/ml from earlier level of 94 IU/ml. Virechana followed by avoidance of allergens reduced the CRP level from 22.7mg/l to 1.8 mh/l. After 3 months of follow up the IgE levels reduced from 680kU/l to 53.7 kU/l. The 40% relief in pain and stiffness of joints were reported soon after the virechana.<ref name=GuptaSK/>
In a case report on rheumatoid arthritis, virechana showed significant reduction in RA factor to 50 IU/ml from earlier level of 94 IU/ml. Virechana followed by avoidance of allergens reduced the CRP level from 22.7mg/l to 1.8 mh/l. After 3 months of follow up the IgE levels reduced from 680kU/l to 53.7 kU/l. The 40% relief in pain and stiffness of joints were reported soon after the virechana.<ref name=GuptaSK/>
A study conducted on 20 non-insulin dependent diabetes patients showed a better reduction in fasting blood sugar (FBS) and post prandial blood sugar (PPBS) levels through virechana, when compared with therapeutic emesis (vamana). The 51.5% reduction is observed in FBS levels after virechana, at the same time PPBS values shows 81.6% reduction. It is assumed that virechana acts on liver and pancreas as they are the sites of [[pitta dosha]]. It may reduce the hepatic glucose production or may increase the insulin secretion.<ref>Jindal N, Joshi NP. Comparative study of Vamana and Virechanakarma in controlling blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus. Ayu. 2013 Jul;34(3):263-9. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.123115. PMID: 24501520; PMCID: PMC3902591.</ref>
A study conducted on 20 non-insulin dependent diabetes patients showed a better reduction in fasting blood sugar (FBS) and post prandial blood sugar (PPBS) levels through virechana, when compared with therapeutic emesis (vamana). The 51.5% reduction is observed in FBS levels after virechana, at the same time PPBS values shows 81.6% reduction. It is assumed that virechana acts on liver and pancreas as they are the sites of [[pitta dosha]]. It may reduce the hepatic glucose production or may increase the insulin secretion.<ref>Jindal N, Joshi NP. Comparative study of Vamana and Virechana karma in controlling blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus. Ayu. 2013 Jul;34(3):263-9. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.123115. PMID: 24501520; PMCID: PMC3902591.</ref>
In another study conducted on 30 dyslipidemic persons, a significant reduction is reported in serum cholesterol, triglyceride and VLDL levels after virechana. LDL also shows reduction. Serum HDL increased significantly. Evacuation of [[pitta]] is the prime phenomenon achieved through virechana. Large amount of bile is excreted through virechana which results in reduction of cholesterol levels.<ref>Pooja BA, Bhatted SK. A standard controlled clinical study on Virechana Karma and Lekhana Basti in the management of dyslipidemia (Medoroga). AYU 2016;37:32-7.</ref>
In a study on 110 overweight and obese patients, average 4.61 KG weight loss was observed after purgation therapy (virechana). <ref>Deole Y.S. Clinical study on effect of Virechana Karma [Purgation therapy] in management of Overweight and Obesity.Rasamruta,7:4 March, 2015. Available from http://www.rasamruta.com/pdf/1431946056_Revised%20%20Overweight%20and%20Obesity...pdf</ref>
In another study conducted on 30 dyslipidemia persons, a significant reduction is reported in serum cholesterol, triglyceride and VLDL levels after virechana. LDL also shows reduction. Serum HDL increased significantly. Evacuation of [[pitta]] is the prime phenomenon achieved through virechana. Large amount of bile is excreted through virechana which results in reduction of cholesterol levels.<ref>Pooja BA, Bhatted SK. A standard controlled clinical study on Virechana Karma and Lekhana Basti in the management of dyslipidemia (Medoroga). AYU 2016;37:32-7.</ref>
In a study conducted on 30 patients,virechana is reported to be more effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of psoriasis than therapeutic emesis ([[vamana]]). <ref>A. N. Parida, N.N Bhatt et al. A comparative study of vamana and virechana karma in ekakushta w.s.r to psoriasis. Ayu. 2009 Jul-Sep; VOL. 30, NO. 3: 255 - 259</ref>
In a study conducted on 30 patients, virechana is reported to be more effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of psoriasis than therapeutic emesis ([[vamana]]). <ref>A. N. Parida, N.N Bhatt et al. A comparative study of vamana and virechana karma in ekakushta w.s.r to psoriasis. Ayu. 2009 Jul-Sep; VOL. 30, NO. 3: 255 - 259</ref>
==List of theses done==
==List of theses done==
#Shiho Oikawa (2018): Virechana karma along with vaitaranabasti followed by mahabhallataka avaleha in the management of amavata wsr to rheumatoid arthritis-A comparative randomized controlled study . Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar
#Shiho Oikawa (2018): Virechana karma along with vaitaranabasti followed by mahabhallataka avaleha in the management of amavata wsr to rheumatoid arthritis-A comparative randomized controlled study . Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA Jamnagar
==More information==
==Related chapters==
[[Upakalpaniya Adhyaya]], [[Chikitsaprabhritiya Adhyaya]], [[Kalpana Siddhi]], [[Shyamatrivrita Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Chaturangula Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Tilvaka Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Sudha Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Saptalashankhini Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Dantidravanti Kalpa Adhyaya]]
[[Upakalpaniya Adhyaya]], [[Chikitsaprabhritiya Adhyaya]], [[Kalpana Siddhi]], [[Shyamatrivrita Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Chaturangula Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Tilvaka Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Sudha Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Saptalashankhini Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Dantidravanti Kalpa Adhyaya]]
==List of References==
==List of References==
The list of references for Virechana in Charak Samhita can be seen[[Media:List_of_references_of_word_virechana_in_charaka-converted.pdf|here]]
The list of references for Virechana in Charak Samhita can be seen [[Media:List_of_references_of_word_virechana_in_charaka-converted.pdf|here]]
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==Reference==
==Reference==