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Line 124: − + − + − + + + + − Table: Sense organs and their physical centres in body − Sr. No Five senses (Indriya) − Five sense material (Indriya − dravya) − Five sense organs (Indriya adhishthana) − Five sense objects (Indriya artha) − ) Five sense perception (Indriya buddhi) − + − Auditory receptors Auditory area in brain+ − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + + + + + + + + + + − + − Motor organs (karmendriya) + − The motor organs are equally important to perform activities and communication. These organs play role in expressing inner feelings to outer world. The following table shows motor organs and its functions. + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − hold + − + − + − + − + − − − − −
→Functioning of indriya
===Functioning of indriya===
===Functioning of indriya===
Process of perception of knowledge
'''Process of perception of knowledge'''
As per ayurvedic perspectives, the process of cognition starts from within a person. The soul expresses will for perception of knowledge through mind. The mind then connects with the particular sense to fulfill the will. The sense searches and connects with the source to know about that particular object. The sense organ specific intellect plays important role of deciding good/bad, correct/incorrect things for the living being. Thus, the process of perception of knowledge is completed by coordination of sense organ, sense, intellect, mind and soul. The knowledge gained by the soul is ‘self-knowledge’. It is stored in the memory and reminded whenever required.
The contemporary medical system emphasizes on stimulus and receptor theory. The external stimulus is received by the particular sense organ and conveyed to brain. This is done through afferent neuronal pathways. The brain then reacts to that particular stimulus and express specific action through efferent neuronal pathways. However, this system seems to be partial in the absence of consciousness, that connects the sense to the sense object.
As per ayurvedic perspectives, the process of cognition starts from within a person. The soul expresses will for the perception of knowledge through the mind. The mind then connects with the particular sense to fulfill the will. The sense searches and connects with the source to know about that particular object. The sense organ-specific intellect plays an important role in deciding good/bad, correct/incorrect things for the living being. Thus, the process of perception of knowledge is completed by coordination of sense organ, sense, intellect, mind, and soul. The knowledge gained by the soul is ‘self-knowledge’. It is stored in the memory and reminded whenever required.
The contemporary medical system emphasizes on stimulus and receptor theory. The external stimulus is received by the particular sense organ and conveyed to the brain. This is done through afferent neuronal pathways. The brain then reacts to that particular stimulus and expresses specific action through efferent neuronal pathways. However, this system seems to be partial in the absence of consciousness, which connects the sense to the sense object.
The five senses and their subtlest physical presence in the body can be presented in view of contemporary medical knowledge as below:
The five senses and their subtlest physical presence in the body can be presented in view of contemporary medical knowledge as below:
1 Auditory sense (shrotrendriya)
'''Table: Sense organs and their physical centers in body'''
{| class= "wikitable"|}
(Area no. 21,22) Organ of Cortii Hearing
|-
2 Tactile sense (sparshanendriya ) Tactile receptors Somesthetic & Somesthetic Association area in brain
!Sr. No!!Five senses (Indriya)!!Five sense material (Indriya dravya)!!Five sense organs (Indriya adhishthana)!!Five sense objects (Indriya artha)!!Five sense perception (Indriya buddhi)
(Area no. 1,2,3, 5&7) Merkel’s disc, Meissner’s corpuscle, Free nerve endings Tactile Sensation, Localization, Discrimination
|-
3 Visual sense (chakshurendriya) Photo -sensitive receptors Primary Visual & Visual Association area in brain (Area no. 17,18,19) Rods & Cones Vision
|1||Auditory sense (shrotrendriya)||Auditory receptors|| Auditory area in brain(Area no. 21,22)||Organ of Cortii||Hearing
4 Gustatory sense (rasanendriya ) Gustatory receptors Gustatory area in brain
|-
(Area no. 43) Type III Gustatory cells with Papillae of Taste buds Gustation
|2||Tactile sense (sparshanendriya)||Tactile receptors|| Somesthetic & Somesthetic Association area in brain(Area no. 1,2,3, 5&7)||Merkel’s disc, Meissner’s corpuscle, Free nerve endings||Tactile Sensation, Localization, Discrimination
5 Olfactory sense (ghranendriya) Olfactory receptors Olfactory area in brain
|-
(Area no. 28) Type I Olfactory cells Olfaction
|3||Visual sense (chakshurendriya)||Photo -sensitive receptors|| Primary Visual & Visual Association area in the brain (Area no. 17,18,19)||Rods & Cones||Vision
|-
|4||Gustatory sense (rasanendriya)||Gustatory receptors||Gustatory area in brain(Area no. 43)||Type III Gustatory cells with Papillae of Taste buds||Gustation
|-
|5||Olfactory sense (ghranendriya)||Olfactory receptors||Olfactory area in brain(Area no. 28)||Type I Olfactory cells||Olfaction
|}
'''Motor organs (karmendriya)'''
The motor organs are equally important to perform activities and communication. These organs play role in expressing inner feelings to outer world. The following table shows motor organs and their functions.
'''Table: Motor organs (karmendriya) and their functions'''
{| class= "wikitable"|}
|-
Table: Motor organs (karmendriya) and their functions
!Sr.No!!Name of the motor organ!! Body part or organ !! Related controlling area in brain!! Activity
Sr.
|-
No Name of motor organ Body part or organ Related controlling area in brain Activity
|1||Speech (vagendriya) || Tongue, receptors at Peripheral Speech apparatus (Larynx with Vocal cords)|| Broca’s area
1 Speech (vagendriya) Tongue, receptors at Peripheral Speech apparatus (Larynx with Vocal cords) Broca’s area
(area no. 44, 45), central speech apparatus (sensory & motor areas for speech)||Phonation
(area no. 44, 45), central speech apparatus (sensory & motor areas for speech) Phonation
|-
2 Giving
|2|| Giving (pani/hasta) ||Hands, receptors at Upper extremity||Primary & premotor area(area no. 4, 4s, 6a, 6b), Areas of spino cerebellum & motor cerebral cortex ||Neuromuscular coordination to give, receive, grasp,hold
(pani/hast) Hands, receptors at Upper extremity Primary & premotor area
|-
(area no. 4, 4s, 6a, 6b), Areas of spino cerebellum
|3||Moving (pada)||Legs, receptors at Lower extremity||Primary & premotor area(area no. 4, 4s, 6a, 6b), Areas of spino cerebellum
& motor cerebral cortex Neuromuscular coordination to give, receive, grasp,
& motor cerebral cortex ||Neuromuscular coordination for locomotion
|-
3 Moving
|4||Excretion (payu)||Rectum & the anal canal, receptors|| Defecation reflex, Sacral nerves parasympathetic system||Excretion
(pada) Legs, receptors at Lower extremity Primary & premotor area
|-
(area no. 4, 4s, 6a, 6b), Areas of spino cerebellum
|5||Reproduction (upastha)||Sex organs and genitalia, receptors|| Association area, Hypothalamus, Limbic system, Centre of arousal in Hypothalamus,Limbic system ||Satisfaction, pleasure, reproduction
& motor cerebral cortex Neuromuscular coordination for locomotion
|}
4 Excretion (payu) Rectum &
anal canal, receptors Defecation reflex, Sacral nerves
parasympathetic system Excretion
5 Reproduction (upastha) Sex organs and genitalia, receptors Association area, Hypothalamus, Limbic system, Centre of arousal in Hypothalamus
Limbic system Satisfaction, pleasure, reproduction
== Similarity of receptor theory with indriya ==
== Similarity of receptor theory with indriya ==