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===Pathological importance===
===Pathological importance===
The dosha are the factors which get vitiated themselves in the initial stage of disease. Further they vitiate other body constituents (dhatu and mala). Therefore, disequilibrium of dosha is primary and fundamental cause of any disease. [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/3]
The dosha are the factors that get vitiated themselves in the initial stage of the disease. Further, they vitiate other body constituents (dhatu and mala). Therefore, disequilibrium of dosha is the primary and fundamental cause of any disease. [Su.Sa.Sutra Sthana 21/3]
==Factors influencing dosha in body==
===Diet and lifestyle===
The diet dominant in similar properties of dosha increases the proportion of dosha in body. The diet which is opposite to the properties of dosha decreases the proportion of dosha. Therefore, diet which maintains equilibrium state of dosha in the body is advised for preservation of health. The following table shows specific tastes and potencies that influences the dosha.
'''Table 3: Influence of taste and potency on dosha '''
{| class="wikitable"
! Sr.No''' !! ''Dosha''!! ''Aggravating taste (rasa) and veerya (potency)''!! ''Pacifying taste (rasa) and veerya (potency)''!!
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | 1
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Vata Dosha
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Pungent (katu), bitter (tikta), astringent(kashaya), cold potency
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Sweet(madhura), sour(amla), salty(lavana), hot potency
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | 2
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Pitta Dosha
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Sour(amla), salty(lavana), pungent (katu), hot potency
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Sweet(madhura), bitter (tikta), astringent(kashaya), cold potency
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | 3
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Kapha Dosha
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Sweet(madhura), sour(amla), salty(lavana), cold potency
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Pungent (katu), bitter (tikta), astringent(kashaya), hot potency
|-
|}
The lifestyle activities that produce similar effects as of dosha lead to vitiation of dosha and vice versa. For example, excess movement increases vata dosha, and rest pacifies vata dosha. The same principles are applied in treatment of diseases due to vitiation of dosha.
===Season, age, time and circadian rhythm===
The time factor in terms of season, age, day-night rhythm naturally influences levels of dosha in body. The changes in the microcosm are observed due to changes in macrocosm.
'''Table 3: Influence of taste and potency on dosha '''
{| class="wikitable"
! Sr.No''' !! ''Dosha''!! ''Age''!! ''Peak time in day-night cycle''!! ''Peak Season''!! ''Peak time after meals''!!
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | 1
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Vata Dosha
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Old age
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Time of end of day and night
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Rainy season
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Post digestion
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | 2
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Pitta Dosha
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Middle age
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Midday and midnight
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Autumn
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Mid digestion
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | 3
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Kapha Dosha
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Childhood
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Start of day and night
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Spring
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Immediately after meals, starting of digestion
|-
|}
==Natural cycle of dosha as per seasonal variation (ritu kriyakala)==
The body is continuously exposed to the external environment and climatic changes as per season. The dosha tend to deviate from normal state and show variations in their levels according to the seasons. These physiological disequilibrium states are maintained by adopting seasonal dietary and lifestyle regimen (ritucharya) to preserve health. As these states are more prone for opportunistic diseases, these are also called as ‘ritu kriyakala’ (seasonal opportunities). The table shows seasonal variations in dosha.
'''Table 4: Influence of taste and potency on dosha '''
{| class="wikitable"
! Sr.No''' !! ''Dosha''!! ''State of accumulation (chaya)''!! ''State of aggravation (prakopa)''!! ''State of alleviation (prashama)''!!
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | 1
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Vata Dosha
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Summer (grishma)
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Rainy season(varsha)
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Autumn (sharada)
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | 2
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Pitta Dosha
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Rainy season (varsha)
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Autumn (sharada)
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Pre-winter (hemanta)
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | 3
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Kapha Dosha
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Winter (shishira)
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Spring (vasanta)
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Summer (grishma)
|-
|}
==Clinical aspect of dosha==
===Diagnosis of the abnormal state===
The increased (vriddhi) or decreased (kshaya) state of dosha in body is diagnosed by assessment of physiological functions of respective dosha. [Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 18/52-53]
===Diseases due to dosha===
The endogenous diseases (nija vyadhi) are caused by the vitiation of dosha (vata, pitta, and kapha). The diseases caused due to combination of two or three dosha are called as general (samanya) diseases. The diseases caused due to vitiation of one dosha only are called as nanatmaja (dosha specific) diseases. [Cha.Sa.Sutra Sthana 20/10]
===Treatment===
The abnormal states of dosha are treated with rational therapeutic use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures. [ Cha.Sa. Sutra Sthana 1/58] The treatment principles of various states of dosha are as follows:
# Decreased state: Increase dosha by diet and lifestyle
# Vitiated state: Pacification therapy
# Aggravated state: Removing the excess to restore equilibrium
# Normal state: maintain the equilibrium [Su.Sa. Chikitsa Sthana 33/3]
Some primary selective treatments in the increased state of dosha are stated in following table.