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Urine (mutra) is an essential metabolic waste product (mala). It excretes excess water (udaka), moisture (kleda) and other non-usable waste products from the body (SAT-B.460).
Urine (mutra) is an essential metabolic waste product (mala). It excretes excess water (udaka), moisture (kleda) and other non-usable waste products from the body (SAT-B.460).<ref>Available from http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/sat</ref>
== Etymology and derivation ==
== Etymology and derivation ==
Urine is known by the Sanskrit word ‘mutra’. It is derived from the word root “mutr-prasrave” that means to piss, to lose water etc. It is also known by the synonyms 'prasrava' and 'drava mala'.
Urine is known by the Sanskrit word ‘mutra’. It is derived from the word root “mutr-prasrave” that means to piss, to lose water etc.<ref>Jha Srujan. Amarkosha online application</ref> It is also known by the synonyms 'prasrava' and 'drava mala'.
==Formation of urine==
==Formation of urine==
The waste products of digestion of food get diluted in water in the intestine. After absorption, products are circulated for filtration and metabolic transformation to form urine which goes through ureter to urinary bladder and then excreted through urethra.[Sha.Sa.Purva khanda 4] The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
The waste products of digestion of food get diluted in water in the intestine. After absorption, products are circulated for filtration and metabolic transformation to form urine which goes through ureter to urinary bladder and then excreted through urethra.[Sha.Sa.Purva khanda 4] The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
==Normal composition of urine==
==Normal composition of urine==
The urine is composed of various nitrogen-based products formed during cellular metabolism and other electrolytes.
The urine is composed of various nitrogen-based products formed during cellular metabolism and other electrolytes.
The properties and composition of urine is as described below.
The properties and composition of urine is as described below.<ref>Sarigul, N., Korkmaz, F. & Kurultak, İ. A New Artificial Urine Protocol to Better Imitate Human Urine. Sci Rep 9, 20159 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56693-4</ref>
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