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|title=Basti(therapeutic enema)

|title=Basti(therapeutic enema)

|titlemode=append

|titlemode=append

|keywords=Basti, Basti meaning, Basti definition, Basti in ayurveda, uttar basti, basti Indication, Niruaha, Anuvasana, Charak samhita, carakasamhitaonline, Indian System of Medicine, enema, therapeutic enema, benefits of basti, benefits of enema  

|keywords=Basti, Basti meaning, Basti definition, Basti in ayurveda, uttar basti, basti Indication, Niruaha, Anuvasana, Charak samhita, carakasamhitaonline, Indian System of Medicine, enema, therapeutic enema, benefits of basti, benefits of enema, decoction enema, unctuous enema, panchakarma

|description='basti' is applied to indicate therapeutic enema among panchakarma

|description='basti' is applied to indicate therapeutic enema among panchakarma

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|label4 = Affiliations

|label4 = Affiliations

|data4 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.T.& R.A., Jamnagar  

|data4 = [[Charak Samhita Research, Training and Development Centre]], I.T.R.A., Jamnagar  

|label5 = Correspondence email:

|label5 = Correspondence email:

The word ‘basti’ denotes therapeutic procedure of enema. It is one of the five purification procedures ([[panchakarma]]). Basti also spelled as vasti, literally means bladder or an injection-syringe made of bladder or injection itself.<ref>Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, Vasti, Page 933</ref> In anatomical perspective, the urinary bladder is called as basti. In ancient times, the bladder of animals (mainly goat or buffalo) was used to administer enema therapy, hence the therapy is knows as ‘basti’. [A.S.Sutra Sthana 28/2]<ref name= Sangraha> Vridha Vagbhata, Ashtanga Sangraha. Edited by Shivaprasad Sharma. 3rd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrit series office;2012.</ref> It is the best treatment for disorders of [[vata dosha]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40]. Due to the primary importance of [[vata dosha]] in causing diseases, basti is considered as the chief treatment among [[panchakarma]]. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 35/3]<ref name= Susruta> Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref>

The word ‘basti’ denotes therapeutic procedure of enema. It is one of the five purification procedures ([[panchakarma]]). Basti also spelled as vasti, literally means bladder or an injection-syringe made of bladder or injection itself.<ref>Monier-Williams, Monier-Williams Sanskrit- English Dictionary, 1st edition; Oxford University Press, Vasti, Page 933</ref> In anatomical perspective, the urinary bladder is called as basti. In ancient times, the bladder of animals (mainly goat or buffalo) was used to administer enema therapy, hence the therapy is knows as ‘basti’. [A.S.Sutra Sthana 28/2]<ref name= Sangraha> Vridha Vagbhata, Ashtanga Sangraha. Edited by Shivaprasad Sharma. 3rd ed. Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrit series office;2012.</ref> It is the best treatment for disorders of [[vata dosha]]. [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 25/40]. Due to the primary importance of [[vata dosha]] in causing diseases, basti is considered as the chief treatment among [[panchakarma]]. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 35/3]<ref name= Susruta> Sushruta. Sushruta Samhita. Edited by Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya. 8th ed. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Orientalia;2005.</ref>

In therapeutic management, it denotes medicated enema with decoction, oils or any other fluid either in rectum or urethra or vagina. The term ‘uttarabasti’ is used for enema given through anterior orifice like urethra or vagina. In unction therapy, local therapeutic procedures like keeping warm oils or medicated substance on affected body part are used. These procedures are termed after name of affected part as suffix to the word ‘basti’. E.g. ‘janu basti’ means keeping warm medicated substance on knee joint; ‘kati basti’ means keeping it on the lumbar region. Most commonly, the term ‘basti’ indicates per rectal enema. Hence this article focuses on therapeutic enema given per rectum.  

In therapeutic management, it denotes medicated enema with decoction, oils or any other fluid either in rectum or urethra or vagina. The term ‘uttara basti’ is used for enema given through anterior orifice like urethra or vagina. In unction therapy, local therapeutic procedures like keeping warm oils or medicated substance on affected body part are used. These procedures are termed after name of affected part as suffix to the word ‘basti’. E.g. ‘janu basti’ means keeping warm medicated substance on knee joint; ‘kati basti’ means keeping it on the lumbar region. Most commonly, the term ‘basti’ indicates per rectal enema. Hence this article focuses on therapeutic enema given per rectum.  

==Etymology and derivation==

==Etymology and derivation==

===On the basis of total quantity===

===On the basis of total quantity===

Some enemas are known by their total quantity of ingredients. The measurement ‘prasruta’ (one prasruta = 96 ml) is used to calculate proportion of ingredients and total quantity of enema.  The maximum allowable dosage of decoction enema is 1152ml (12 prasruta). The dosage 1 prasruta is considered as 96 ml as per Ayurvedic Formulary of India. Posology varies from person to person according to Ayurveda. Here ‘prasruta’ is defined as the dosage of liquid in the patient's hollowed palm. [Gayadasa on Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 35/7]<ref name=Susruta/> In a study conducted on 100 participants, one prasruta of Madhutailikabasti (a type of decoction enema) is standardized as 26.4ml.<ref>Singh Nita S. An open clinical trial to assess samyak nirooha lakshana of maadhutailika vasti administered with standardized aaturahastapramaana in kat’eegraha [MD Dissertation]. Kottakkkal: Kerala University of Health Sciences; 2015.</ref>

Some enemas are known by their total quantity of ingredients. The measurement ‘prasruta’ (one prasruta = 96 ml) is used to calculate proportion of ingredients and total quantity of enema.  The maximum allowable dosage of decoction enema is 1152ml (12 prasruta). The dosage 1 prasruta is considered as 96 ml as per Ayurvedic Formulary of India. Posology varies from person to person according to Ayurveda. Here ‘prasruta’ is defined as the dosage of liquid in the patient's hollowed palm. [Gayadasa on Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 35/7]<ref name=Susruta/> In a study conducted on 100 participants, one prasruta of Madhutailika basti (a type of decoction enema) is standardized as 26.4ml.<ref>Singh Nita S. An open clinical trial to assess samyak nirooha lakshana of maadhutailika vasti administered with standardized aaturahastapramaana in kat’eegraha [MD Dissertation]. Kottakkkal: Kerala University of Health Sciences; 2015.</ref>

A few examples are as follows:

A few examples are as follows:

*Twelve prasruta (1152 ml) termed as ‘Dwadasaprasrutika basti’

*Twelve prasruta (1152 ml) termed as ‘Dwadasaprasrutika basti’

*Nine prasruta (864ml )termed as ‘Navaprasrutabasti/padahina basti’

*Nine prasruta (864ml )termed as ‘Navaprasruta basti/padahina basti’

*Five prasruta (480 ml) termed as ‘Pachaprasrutika basti’

*Five prasruta (480 ml) termed as ‘Pachaprasrutika basti’

*Milk used as main ingredient in enema is termed as ‘Kshira basti’

*Milk used as main ingredient in enema is termed as ‘Kshira basti’

==Niruhabasti (enema with decoction)==

==Niruha basti (enema with decoction)==

The medicated enema with decoction of herbs as main ingredient is called ‘niruhabasti’. It is also known as ‘kashaya basti’. The word ‘niruha’ indicates its extensive therapeutic potency. As it stabilizes (sthapana) the [[dosha]], it is also known as ‘asthapana basti’. [A.S.Sutra Sthana 28/6]<ref name=Sangraha/>

The medicated enema with decoction of herbs as main ingredient is called ‘niruha basti’. It is also known as ‘kashaya basti’. The word ‘niruha’ indicates its extensive therapeutic potency. As it stabilizes (sthapana) the [[dosha]], it is also known as ‘asthapana basti’. [A.S.Sutra Sthana 28/6]<ref name=Sangraha/>

===Indications===

===Indications===

===Ingredients of niruha basti formulation===

===Ingredients of niruha basti formulation===

The predominant content of niruhabasti is a decoction of herbs. It also contains honey, rock salt, unctuous substance (usually oil or ghee) and medicinal paste (kalka). In some conditions, cow’s urine, fermented liquid preparation out of grains (dhanyamla), meat soup, milk etc. are used instead of decoction.

The predominant content of niruha basti is a decoction of herbs. It also contains honey, rock salt, unctuous substance (usually oil or ghee) and medicinal paste (kalka). In some conditions, cow’s urine, fermented liquid preparation out of grains (dhanyamla), meat soup, milk etc. are used instead of decoction.

===Quantity of ingredients===

===Quantity of ingredients===

===Therapeutic procedure of administration===

===Therapeutic procedure of administration===

    

    

The procedure of niruhabasti is done as a daily session of administration of enema. Procedure of a single session is described as below:  

The procedure of niruha basti is done as a daily session of administration of enema. Procedure of a single session is described as below:  

*Pre therapeutic procedure (purva karma)

*Pre therapeutic procedure (purva karma)

In the enema pot method, the filled enema pot is kept at a certain height to allow passage of enema medicine. The flow and pressure can be regulated with a knob on the tube.

In the enema pot method, the filled enema pot is kept at a certain height to allow passage of enema medicine. The flow and pressure can be regulated with a knob on the tube.

   

   

After all enema medicine is in the rectum, the patient is advised to lie in supine position till he feels the urge for defecation. When the patient feels the urge, it shall pass. The time duration the administration of medicine and its evacuation is called as retention enema. The decoction enema is expected to come out within 48 minutes after administration. In a study, the retention time of enema with alkali (ksharabasti) in maximum number of participants (60%) is reported to be 5 minutes.<ref name=Thanki>Thanki K, Bhatt N, Shukla VD. Effect of kshara basti and nirgundi ghana vati on amavata (rheumatoid arthritis). Ayu. 2012 Jan;33(1):50-3. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.100310. PMID: 23049184; PMCID: PMC3456864.</ref>  

After all enema medicine is in the rectum, the patient is advised to lie in supine position till he feels the urge for defecation. When the patient feels the urge, it shall pass. The time duration the administration of medicine and its evacuation is called as retention enema. The decoction enema is expected to come out within 48 minutes after administration. In a study, the retention time of enema with alkali (kshara basti) in maximum number of participants (60%) is reported to be 5 minutes.<ref name=Thanki>Thanki K, Bhatt N, Shukla VD. Effect of kshara basti and nirgundi ghana vati on amavata (rheumatoid arthritis). Ayu. 2012 Jan;33(1):50-3. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.100310. PMID: 23049184; PMCID: PMC3456864.</ref>  

====Post therapeutic procedure (pashchat karma)====

====Post therapeutic procedure (pashchat karma)====

==== Clinical features of optimal niruha basti====

==== Clinical features of optimal niruha basti====

Sequential elimination of stool, [[pitta]], [[kapha]] and [[vata]], increased appetite, lightness in body, increase of strength and attainment of normalcy, passage of frothy and whitish mucous in stool are considered as features of optimal administration of niruhabasti. [Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 1/41] [Ka.Sa.Khila Sthana 8/75-77]<ref name=Kashyapa>Vrddhajivaka, Kasyapa Samhita. Edited by Tewari P V, Reprint edition. Varanasi: Chaukhambha visvabharati; 2008</ref>

Sequential elimination of stool, [[pitta]], [[kapha]] and [[vata]], increased appetite, lightness in body, increase of strength and attainment of normalcy, passage of frothy and whitish mucous in stool are considered as features of optimal administration of niruha basti. [Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 1/41] [Ka.Sa.Khila Sthana 8/75-77]<ref name=Kashyapa>Vrddhajivaka, Kasyapa Samhita. Edited by Tewari P V, Reprint edition. Varanasi: Chaukhambha visvabharati; 2008</ref>

==== Clinical features of inadequately administered niruha basti====

==== Clinical features of inadequately administered niruha basti====

Headache, pain in cardiac region, anus, urinary bladder and genital organs; edema, coryza, griping pain and nausea; retention of flatus and urine and dyspnea are features of inadequate administration of niruhabasti. [Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 1/42-43]

Headache, pain in cardiac region, anus, urinary bladder and genital organs; edema, coryza, griping pain and nausea; retention of flatus and urine and dyspnea are features of inadequate administration of niruha basti. [Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 1/42-43]

====Clinical features of excessively administered niruha basti====

====Clinical features of excessively administered niruha basti====

Aggravation of [[vata dosha]] due to diminution of [[kapha]] and [[pitta]] [[dosha]], numbness, bodyache, mental fatigue, tremor, insomnia, debility, black outs, insanity and hiccups are features of excess administration of niruhabasti. [Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 1/19-20]

Aggravation of [[vata dosha]] due to diminution of [[kapha]] and [[pitta]] [[dosha]], numbness, bodyache, mental fatigue, tremor, insomnia, debility, black outs, insanity and hiccups are features of excess administration of niruha basti. [Cha.Sa.[[Siddhi Sthana]] 1/19-20]

The features of inadequate and excess administration of niruhabasti are treated with specific protocols.

The features of inadequate and excess administration of niruha basti are treated with specific protocols.

== Anuvasana basti (enema with unctuous substance) ==

== Anuvasana basti (enema with unctuous substance) ==

   

   

Anuvasana basti is a type of medicated enema with unctuous substances like oils, ghee etc. It is also called as ‘sneha basti’. The term ‘anuvasana’ means that can be followed daily. Hence the unctuous enema can be administered daily (anu divasa) without any complications. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 35/18]<ref name=Susruta/> Unlike niruhabasti, this enema formulation contains unctuous substances only. Medicated oils are widely used in this therapy to produce unctuousness in the body. [A.S. Sutra Sthana 28/7]<ref name=Sangraha/>

Anuvasana basti is a type of medicated enema with unctuous substances like oils, ghee etc. It is also called as ‘sneha basti’. The term ‘anuvasana’ means that can be followed daily. Hence the unctuous enema can be administered daily (anu divasa) without any complications. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 35/18]<ref name=Susruta/> Unlike niruha basti, this enema formulation contains unctuous substances only. Medicated oils are widely used in this therapy to produce unctuousness in the body. [A.S. Sutra Sthana 28/7]<ref name=Sangraha/>

===Types (based on the dose)===

===Types (based on the dose)===

#Sneha basti: Dose of oil is ¼th of the total dose of niruhabasti i.e. maximum upto 288ml.[Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 37/4]<ref name=Susruta/>

#Sneha basti: Dose of oil is ¼th of the total dose of niruha basti i.e. maximum upto 288ml.[Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 37/4]<ref name=Susruta/>

#Anuvasanabasti: Dose of oil is ½ of snehabasti i.e. 144ml. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 35/18]<ref name=Susruta/>

#Anuvasana basti: Dose of oil is ½ of snehabasti i.e. 144ml. [Su.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 35/18]<ref name=Susruta/>

#Matrabasti: Dose of oil is ¼th of snehabasti i.e. 72ml

#Matra basti: Dose of oil is ¼th of sneha basti i.e. 72ml

===Indications===

===Indications===

|+ Table 4: Number of anuvasana basti based on [[dosha]]  

|+ Table 4: Number of anuvasana basti based on [[dosha]]  

|-

|-

! [[Dosha]] involved  !! Number of anuvasanabasti sessions

! [[Dosha]] involved  !! Number of anuvasana basti sessions

|-

|-

| | [[Vata]] vitiation || 9 -11

| | [[Vata]] vitiation || 9 -11

==Current researches==

==Current researches==

The rectal route of drug administration is an alternate route of drug delivery. Certain studies suggest that rectal route is more efficient than the intravenous route as it partially bypasses the first pass metabolism of liver.<ref name=KadusPA>Kadus PA, Vedpathak SM. Anuvasan Basti in escalating dose is an alternative for Snehapana before Vamana and Virechana: Trends from a pilot study. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2014;5:246-50.</ref>

The rectal route of drug administration is an alternate route of drug delivery. Certain studies suggest that rectal route is more efficient than the intravenous route as it partially bypasses the first pass metabolism of liver.<ref name=KadusPA>Kadus PA, Vedpathak SM. Anuvasana Basti in escalating dose is an alternative for Snehapana before Vamana and Virechana: Trends from a pilot study. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2014;5:246-50.</ref>

A study showed that basti medicine reaches up to ileo-caecal junction<ref name=Juneja>Juneja Yashwant M, Thakar A. B. Standardization of procedure of administration of Basti w.s.r to Kshinashukra (oligozoospermia), MD Dissertation, IPGT& RA. Jamnagar: Gujarat Ayurved University; 2010</ref> however the active principles of formulation may extend their action to systemic levels. In an experimental study, the presence of active principle of a drug used in medicated enema is found in the systemic circulation. Gallic acid, a marker compound of Triphala (a compound containing Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis), is observed in serum after administration of basti with triphala. Moreover, the concentration of gallic acid in serum is more, when the basti is added with catalytic adjuvant (prakshepakadravya). The concentration and rate of absorption depends on property of constituents in basti. The adjuvants might have irritant property, which cause mild inflammation in the colon. This inflammation alters the capillary permeability, which may enhance drug absorption.<ref name=SwapnilSApharma>Swapnil SA, BK Ashok, Anup B Thakar et al. An experimental study to evaluate the pharmacokinetic aspect of Lekhana Basti (Emaciating/ Desiccating Medicated Enema).  Anc Sci Life. 2011 Oct;31(2):38-43.</ref>

A study showed that basti medicine reaches up to ileo-caecal junction<ref name=Juneja>Juneja Yashwant M, Thakar A. B. Standardization of procedure of administration of Basti w.s.r to Kshinashukra (oligozoospermia), MD Dissertation, IPGT& RA. Jamnagar: Gujarat Ayurved University; 2010</ref> however the active principles of formulation may extend their action to systemic levels. In an experimental study, the presence of active principle of a drug used in medicated enema is found in the systemic circulation. Gallic acid, a marker compound of Triphala (a compound containing Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis), is observed in serum after administration of basti with triphala. Moreover, the concentration of gallic acid in serum is more, when the basti is added with catalytic adjuvant (prakshepakadravya). The concentration and rate of absorption depends on property of constituents in basti. The adjuvants might have irritant property, which cause mild inflammation in the colon. This inflammation alters the capillary permeability, which may enhance drug absorption.<ref name=SwapnilSApharma>Swapnil SA, BK Ashok, Anup B Thakar et al. An experimental study to evaluate the pharmacokinetic aspect of Lekhana Basti (Emaciating/ Desiccating Medicated Enema).  Anc Sci Life. 2011 Oct;31(2):38-43.</ref>

Enema intended for removal of morbidity (lekhana basti) is found effective in hyperlipidemia by reducing the serum cholesterol, serum LDL, serum apolipoprotein B. Significant reduction in weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage and skin fold thickness were also reported.<ref name=Swapnilhyper>Swapnil SA, Anup B Thakar et al. Assessment of Lekhana Basti in the management of hyperlipidemia. Ayu. 2013 Oct;34(4):339-45. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.127683.</ref> The hypersensitivity or hyper responsiveness of hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is the main reason for endocrine malfunction in human obesity. Serum cortisol levels are found to be decreased in obese patients after basti treatment. This suggests normalizing of HPA axis through basti. Medicated enema shows immuno-modulatory effect by regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunoglobulins and functional properties of T-cells.<ref name=Urmila>Urmila T, Shubhada C et al. Immunological & metabolic responses to a therapeutic course of Basti in obesity. Indian J Med Res. 2015 Jul;142(1):53-62. doi: 10.4103/0971-5916.162099.</ref>

Enema intended for removal of morbidity (lekhana basti) is found effective in hyperlipidemia by reducing the serum cholesterol, serum LDL, serum apolipoprotein B. Significant reduction in weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage and skin fold thickness were also reported.<ref name=Swapnilhyper>Swapnil SA, Anup B Thakar et al. Assessment of Lekhana Basti in the management of hyperlipidemia. Ayu. 2013 Oct;34(4):339-45. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.127683.</ref> The hypersensitivity or hyper responsiveness of hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is the main reason for endocrine malfunction in human obesity. Serum cortisol levels are found to be decreased in obese patients after basti treatment. This suggests normalizing of HPA axis through basti. Medicated enema shows immuno-modulatory effect by regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunoglobulins and functional properties of T-cells.<ref name=Urmila>Urmila T, Shubhada C et al. Immunological & metabolic responses to a therapeutic course of Basti in obesity. Indian J Med Res. 2015 Jul;142(1):53-62. doi: 10.4103/0971-5916.162099.</ref>

A study reported that low dose medicated oil enema (matra basti) is effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis. There was significant reduction in pain and swelling in joints and reduction in pain during joint movements.<ref name=Mayuri>Mayuri RS, Charmi SM et al. A Clinical study of Matra Vasti and an ayurvedic indigenous compound drug in the management of Sandhigatavata (Osteoarthritis). Ayu. 2010 Apr;31(2):210-7. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.72399.</ref>  Erandamuladiyapanabasti is found effective in reducing the pain, stiffness and tenderness related with lumbar spondylosis and improving the quality of life.<ref name=Damayanthie>Damayanthie Fernando, Anup B Thakar, VD Shukla. Clinical efficacy of Eranda Muladi Yapana Basti in the management of Kati Graha (Lumbar spondylosis). Ayu. 2013 Jan;34(1):36-41. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.115444.</ref>   

A study reported that low dose medicated oil enema (matra basti) is effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis. There was significant reduction in pain and swelling in joints and reduction in pain during joint movements.<ref name=Mayuri>Mayuri RS, Charmi SM et al. A Clinical study of Matra Vasti and an ayurvedic indigenous compound drug in the management of Sandhigatavata (Osteoarthritis). Ayu. 2010 Apr;31(2):210-7. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.72399.</ref>  Erandamuladi yapana basti is found effective in reducing the pain, stiffness and tenderness related with lumbar spondylosis and improving the quality of life.<ref name=Damayanthie>Damayanthie Fernando, Anup B Thakar, VD Shukla. Clinical efficacy of Eranda Muladi Yapana Basti in the management of Kati Graha (Lumbar spondylosis). Ayu. 2013 Jan;34(1):36-41. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.115444.</ref>   

Panchamooladikaala basti is reported to be effective in reducing the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (amavata) especially  pain, stiffness, swelling and tenderness in the joints. It is also found effective in reducing the generalized symptoms like heaviness of body, fatigue, feverishness and anorexia. Basti acts over the prime seat of [[vata dosha]] i.e. large intestine (pakvashaya) and controls it. The alkali present in the kshara basti improves digestion and removes the accumulated toxins (ama).<ref name=BariaR>Baria R, Joshi N, Pandya D. Clinical efficacy of Panchamuladi Kaala Basti (enema) in the management of Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis). Ayu. 2011 Jan;32(1):90-4. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.85737. PMID: 22131764; PMCID: PMC3215425.</ref>  

Panchamooladikaala basti is reported to be effective in reducing the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (amavata) especially  pain, stiffness, swelling and tenderness in the joints. It is also found effective in reducing the generalized symptoms like heaviness of body, fatigue, feverishness and anorexia. Basti acts over the prime seat of [[vata dosha]] i.e. large intestine (pakvashaya) and controls it. The alkali present in the kshara basti improves digestion and removes the accumulated toxins (ama).<ref name=BariaR>Baria R, Joshi N, Pandya D. Clinical efficacy of Panchamuladi Kaala Basti (enema) in the management of Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis). Ayu. 2011 Jan;32(1):90-4. doi: 10.4103/0974-8520.85737. PMID: 22131764; PMCID: PMC3215425.</ref>  

#Savjani Rekha T (2001): A clinical study on the management of sthaulya by panchatikta and lekhana basti, Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Savjani Rekha T (2001): A clinical study on the management of sthaulya by panchatikta and lekhana basti, Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Bhatted Santosh (2002): A comparative study of the role of vajeekarana drugs administered orally and by basti in the management of klaibya with reference to erectile dysfunction. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Bhatted Santosh (2002): A comparative study of the role of vajeekarana drugs administered orally and by basti in the management of klaibya with reference to erectile dysfunction. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Mangalasseri Prakash (2002): A clinical study of shukragatavata w.s.r to premature ejaculation & its management with Akarakarbhati yoga yapanabasti, Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Mangalasseri Prakash (2002): A clinical study of shukragatavata w.s.r to premature ejaculation & its management with Akarakarbhati yoga yapana basti, Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Varma S P (2002): Study of Vaitarana-Basti in the management of Kati-shoola. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Varma S P (2002): Study of Vaitarana-Basti in the management of Kati-shoola. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Pawar Anand M (2003): A comparative study on the role of basti therapy and pramehaghna drugs in the management of madhumeha (Diabetes mellitus). Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Pawar Anand M (2003): A comparative study on the role of basti therapy and pramehaghna drugs in the management of madhumeha (Diabetes mellitus). Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Bhatkoti Mayank (2005): A comparative clinical study of vaitaranabasti and virechana karma in the management of amavata. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Bhatkoti Mayank (2005): A comparative clinical study of vaitaranabasti and virechana karma in the management of amavata. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Tejal Khunt (2005) :Comparitive study on the Virechana Karma and Lekhana Basti in the management of Sthaulya. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Tejal Khunt (2005) :Comparitive study on the Virechana Karma and Lekhana Basti in the management of Sthaulya. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Anamika Kumari (2006): A comparative study on the effect of some indigenous compound drug and matrabasti in the management of Gridhrasi (Sciatica). Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Anamika Kumari (2006): A comparative study on the effect of some indigenous compound drug and matra basti in the management of Gridhrasi (Sciatica). Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Mayuri Shah (2006): A comparative study of matrabasti and some indigenous compound drug in the management of sandhigatavata (osteoarthritis). Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Mayuri Shah (2006): A comparative study of matra basti and some indigenous compound drug in the management of sandhigatavata (osteoarthritis). Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Sanjay Gupta (2006): A clinical effect of Baladiyapanabasti and vajikarana yoga in the management of sukradushti w.s.r to oligoasthenozoospermia. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Sanjay Gupta (2006): A clinical effect of Baladiyapana basti and vajikarana yoga in the management of sukradushti w.s.r to oligoasthenozoospermia. Department of Kayachikitsa, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Gajanan Kulkarni (2007): A comparative study of role of yapanabasti and karma basti in the management of Pakshagata (CVA). Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Gajanan Kulkarni (2007): A comparative study of role of yapana basti and karma basti in the management of Pakshagata (CVA). Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Vinay Chaudary (2007): A clinical study of standardization of Yapanabasti in the management of Kampavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Vinay Chaudary (2007): A clinical study of standardization of Yapana basti in the management of Kampavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Jayadip Kumar P Shah (2008): Effect of Tiktakshirabasti and patrapind sweda in the management of cervical spondylosis (Asthigatavata). Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Jayadip Kumar P Shah (2008): Effect of Tiktakshira basti and patrapind sweda in the management of cervical spondylosis (Asthigatavata). Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Vimal M Vekaria (2008): Comparative study of Virechana karma and kala basti in the management of Pakshaghata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Vimal M Vekaria (2008): Comparative study of Virechana karma and kala basti in the management of Pakshaghata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Geeta Jatav (2008): A Comparative Study on the effect Of VidarikandadiVati and KshirabalaTaila Basti in the management of Karshya in Children. Department of Kaumarabrithya, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Geeta Jatav (2008): A Comparative Study on the effect Of VidarikandadiVati and KshirabalaTaila Basti in the management of Karshya in Children. Department of Kaumarabrithya, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Juneja Yaswant M (2009): Standardization of procedure of administration of basti w.s.r to Kshinashukra (oligozoospermia). Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Juneja Yaswant M (2009): Standardization of procedure of administration of basti w.s.r to Kshinashukra (oligozoospermia). Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Gohil Jalpa H (2009): A comparative clinical study of Virechana karma and kala basti in management of Amavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Gohil Jalpa H (2009): A comparative clinical study of Virechana karma and kala basti in management of Amavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Ajay K Gupta (2010): Effect of Majjabasti and AsthiShrinkhala in the management of osteoporosis w.s.r to Asti Majjakshaya A clinical study. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Ajay K Gupta (2010): Effect of Majja basti and AsthiShrinkhala in the management of osteoporosis w.s.r to Asti Majjakshaya A clinical study. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Gyanendra D Shukla (2010): A Comparative Study of efficacy of Virechana and Basti Karma with Shamana therapy in the management of Essential Hypertension. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Gyanendra D Shukla (2010): A Comparative Study of efficacy of Virechana and Basti Karma with Shamana therapy in the management of Essential Hypertension. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Damayanthie Fernando (2011): Assessment of Clinical Efficacy of ErandamuladiYapana Basti and ErandaBijaKshiraPaka in the management of Kati Graha w.s.r. to Lumbar Spondylosis. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Damayanthie Fernando (2011): Assessment of Clinical Efficacy of ErandamuladiYapana Basti and ErandaBijaKshiraPaka in the management of Kati Graha w.s.r. to Lumbar Spondylosis. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Swapnil S Auti (2011): Assessment of Lekhana Basti in management of Hyperlipidaemia (A Randomised Controlled Clinico-Experimental Study). Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Swapnil S Auti (2011): Assessment of Lekhana Basti in management of Hyperlipidaemia (A Randomised Controlled Clinico-Experimental Study). Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Nikunj M (2012): A comparative study of vrishyabasti and kulinga (Blepharis edulis) after virechana karma in the management of kshinashukra w.s.r to oligozoospermia. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Nikunj M (2012): A comparative study of vrishya basti and kulinga (Blepharis edulis) after virechana karma in the management of kshinashukra w.s.r to oligozoospermia. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Saurabh R Bhuva (2012): A comparative study of matrabasti and brimhanasnehana by asthishrinkhalaghrita in the management of asthi-majjakshaya w.s.r to osteopenia/osteoporosis. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Saurabh R Bhuva (2012): A comparative study of matra basti and brimhanasnehana by asthishrinkhalaghrita in the management of asthi-majjakshaya w.s.r to osteopenia/osteoporosis. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Siddharth Kumar J (2012): Role of matrabasti as chemoprotective adjuvant in the management of cancer. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Siddharth Kumar J (2012): Role of matra basti as chemoprotective adjuvant in the management of cancer. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Hemal Kumar V Dodiya (2013): A comparative clinical study on the effect of Guduchi-Bhadramustadi yoga administered orally and by basti in the management of sthaulya w.s.r to obesity. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Hemal Kumar V Dodiya (2013): A comparative clinical study on the effect of Guduchi-Bhadramustadi yoga administered orally and by basti in the management of sthaulya w.s.r to obesity. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Chughdeepa surrender pal (2014): A comparative study of shwadanshtradibasti and chitrakadighrita management of sandhivata with special reference to osteoarthritis. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Chughdeepa surrender pal (2014): A comparative study of shwadanshtradi basti and chitrakadighrita management of sandhivata with special reference to osteoarthritis. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Jadav Hasmukh Bhavanbhai (2014): Management of premature ejaculation (shukragatavata) with erandamoolbasti and vanarikalpa- A clinical study. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Jadav Hasmukh Bhavanbhai (2014): Management of premature ejaculation (shukragatavata) with erandamool basti and vanarikalpa- A clinical study. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Paikrao Sumedh Narayanrao (2014): A clinical study on siravedha and vaitaranabasti in the management of gridhrasi with special reference to sciatica. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Paikrao Sumedh Narayanrao (2014): A clinical study on siravedha and vaitarana basti in the management of gridhrasi with special reference to sciatica. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Rani Sangeeta Ishwar Singh (2017): A randomized clinical trial on brihatyadiyapanabasti and patrapinda sweda with aadityapakaguggulu in the management of cervical spondylosis w.s.r to asthigatavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Rani Sangeeta Ishwar Singh (2017): A randomized clinical trial on brihatyadiyapana basti and patrapinda sweda with aadityapakaguggulu in the management of cervical spondylosis w.s.r to asthigatavata. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Kumar Surendra Ganesh Ram (2017): Comparative efficacy of vajigandhaditailapana and basti in the management of gridhrasi (sciatica) – A randomized clinical trial. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Kumar Surendra Ganesh Ram (2017): Comparative efficacy of vajigandhaditailapana and basti in the management of gridhrasi (sciatica) – A randomized clinical trial. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Ram Poojan Verma (2018): Efficacy of erandamooladiniruhabasti and shunthikwatha with erandataila in the management of katishoola (lumbar spondylosis): A open labeled, Randomised, comparative clinical trial. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Ram Poojan Verma (2018): Efficacy of erandamooladiniruha basti and shunthikwatha with erandataila in the management of katishoola (lumbar spondylosis): A open labeled, Randomised, comparative clinical trial. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Shiho Oikawa (2018): Virechana karma along with vaitaranabasti followed by mahabhallatakaavaleha in the management of amavata wsr to rheumatoid arthritis-A compararive randomized controlled study. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

#Shiho Oikawa (2018): Virechana karma along with vaitarana basti followed by mahabhallatakaavaleha in the management of amavata wsr to rheumatoid arthritis-A compararive randomized controlled study. Department of Panchakarma, IPGT&RA  Jamnagar

==More information==

==More information==