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Nasal route is a simple, convenient, noninvasive and safe for systemic administration of drugs. The advantages of nasal route for drug delivery are its large surface area for drug absorption, bypassing the hepatic first-pass metabolism and avoiding drug degradation in gastro intestinal tract. Apart from this the nasal route plays major role in the brain targeted drug delivery. It allows active principles of the drug to be delivered directly to the brain via neural pathways such as olfactory and trigeminal nerves. Through this pathway it also bypasses the blood brain barrier. Drugs cross the nasal mucosa through transcellular and paracellular pathways. Lipophilic molecules are usually transported through the transcellular pathway.<ref name=DKim>D Kim, Young HK, Soonjo K. Enhanced nasal drug delivery efficiency by increasing mechanical loading using hypergravity. Sci Rep. 2018 Jan 9;8(1):168. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18561-x.</ref> The intra nasal combination of erythropoietin and IGF-1 (insulin like growth factor-1) significantly reduce the infarct in middle cerebral artery occlusion and improve neurological functions. Intra nasal delivery of recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor shows reduction in infract volume, improved behavioral recovery and enhanced angiogenesis following middle cerebral artery occlusion (Xu et al., 2009).<ref name=Franciska>Franciska Erdo, Luca AB, Daniel F et al. Evaluation of intranasal delivery route of drug administration for brain targeting. Brain Res Bull. 2018 Oct;143:155-170. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.10.009. Epub 2018 Oct 25.</ref>

Nasal route is a simple, convenient, noninvasive and safe for systemic administration of drugs. The advantages of nasal route for drug delivery are its large surface area for drug absorption, bypassing the hepatic first-pass metabolism and avoiding drug degradation in gastro intestinal tract. Apart from this the nasal route plays major role in the brain targeted drug delivery. It allows active principles of the drug to be delivered directly to the brain via neural pathways such as olfactory and trigeminal nerves. Through this pathway it also bypasses the blood brain barrier. Drugs cross the nasal mucosa through transcellular and paracellular pathways. Lipophilic molecules are usually transported through the transcellular pathway.<ref name=DKim>D Kim, Young HK, Soonjo K. Enhanced nasal drug delivery efficiency by increasing mechanical loading using hypergravity. Sci Rep. 2018 Jan 9;8(1):168. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-18561-x.</ref> The intra nasal combination of erythropoietin and IGF-1 (insulin like growth factor-1) significantly reduce the infarct in middle cerebral artery occlusion and improve neurological functions. Intra nasal delivery of recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor shows reduction in infract volume, improved behavioral recovery and enhanced angiogenesis following middle cerebral artery occlusion (Xu et al., 2009).<ref name=Franciska>Franciska Erdo, Luca AB, Daniel F et al. Evaluation of intranasal delivery route of drug administration for brain targeting. Brain Res Bull. 2018 Oct;143:155-170. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.10.009. Epub 2018 Oct 25.</ref>

   

   

In a study conducted on 36 patients, Nasya with Dhanwantaramtaila was found to be effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of cervical spondylosis especially pain, tenderness, numbness etc. Nose is a direct pathway to brain. The peripheral process of olfactory cells responds to volatile, water soluble and lipid soluble chemical substances. The medicine used for nasya possess these qualities. Nasya may stimulate the brain through this pathway and thus inducing the production of neuro peptides which act as pain relievers. iv The nasya may stimulate the areas like amygdela in the limbic system and thus activate the neuropeptide pathway. (radhikatvm)

In a study conducted on 36 patients, Nasya with Dhanwantaramtaila was found to be effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of cervical spondylosis especially pain, tenderness, numbness etc. Nose is a direct pathway to brain. The peripheral process of olfactory cells responds to volatile, water soluble and lipid soluble chemical substances. The medicine used for nasya possess these qualities. Nasya may stimulate the brain through this pathway and thus inducing the production of neuro peptides which act as pain relievers. iv The nasya may stimulate the areas like amygdela in the limbic system and thus activate the neuropeptide pathway.<ref name=CRadhika/> 

Nasya with powder (trikatuchurna) in a comatose patient showed appreciable changes in Glasgow coma scale. Smell sensation projects to higher cortical area and to the limbic system. Drugs administered in powder form may stimulate the limbic system, hypothalamus and thalamus. This in turn may activate the reticular activating system which provokes higher degree of consciousness.

Nasya with powder (trikatuchurna) in a comatose patient showed appreciable changes in Glasgow coma scale. Smell sensation projects to higher cortical area and to the limbic system. Drugs administered in powder form may stimulate the limbic system, hypothalamus and thalamus. This in turn may activate the reticular activating system which provokes higher degree of consciousness.<ref name=Rajkala>Rajkala SR, PD Patil, AB Thakar. Efficacy of Nasya (nasal medication) in coma: A case study. Anc Sci Life. 2016 Apr-Jun;35(4):232-5. doi: 10.4103/0257-7941.188188.</ref>

   

   

Nasya with trikatuchurna with triphalachurna is found to be effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of chronic sinusitis. Significant reduction is reported in nasal blockage, sneezing, post-nasal drip, headache, cough and fever. This study conducted on 110 patients also reported an insignificant reduction in some of the hematological parameters like C – reactive protein, ESR and Absolute eosinophil count (AEC) after nasya. It also suggests that the nasya with powder is effective in removing the vitiated kapha dosha quickly.  

Nasya with trikatuchurna with triphalachurna is found to be effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of chronic sinusitis. Significant reduction is reported in nasal blockage, sneezing, post-nasal drip, headache, cough and fever. This study conducted on 110 patients also reported an insignificant reduction in some of the hematological parameters like C – reactive protein, ESR and Absolute eosinophil count (AEC) after nasya. It also suggests that the nasya with powder is effective in removing the vitiated [[kapha]] [[dosha]] quickly.<ref name=Chaudhari>Chaudhari V, Rajagopala M, Mistry S, Vaghela DB. Role of Pradhamana Nasya and Trayodashanga Kwatha in the management of Dushta Pratishyaya with special reference to chronic sinusitis. Ayu. 2010;31(3):325-331. doi:10.4103/0974-8520.77165</ref>

In a study conducted on 15 patients nasya with Laghumashataila was found effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of frozen shoulder through its anti-inflammatory and nutritive effects.vA study on 20 patients, it was reported that nasya with Anu taila and Mashaditaila is effective in treating Facial paralysis.  In another study conducted on 21 patients of migraine, nasya with Bruhatdashamoolataila followed by pacifying therapy was found effective in reducing its signs and symptoms.

In a study conducted on 15 patients nasya with Laghumashataila was found effective in reducing the signs and symptoms of frozen shoulder through its anti-inflammatory and nutritive effects.<ref name=BDas/> A study on 20 patients, it was reported that nasya with Anutaila and Mashaditaila is effective in treating facial paralysis.<ref>Thanki K H, Joshi N P, Shah N B. A comparative study of Anutaila and Mashaditaila Nasya on Adrita (Facial paralysis). Ayu. 2009:30(3):201-204 </ref> In another study conducted on 21 patients of migraine, nasya with Bruhatdashamoolataila followed by pacifying therapy was found effective in reducing its signs and symptoms.<ref>Parekh H, Rajagopala M. A clinical study on the role of Brihat Dashamoola taila nasya and Laghu Sutashekhara rasa in the management of Ardhavabhedaka w.s.r to migraine. Ayu. 2009:30(1):29-33</ref>