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==Dosha==
==Dosha==
<div style = "text-align:justify;"> Dosha[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosha]are the biological humor[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humorism] manifesting there presence in living body by performing various activities, processes, functions and mechanics. These dosha are judged by the virtue of their respective functions assorted throughout the body. These functions are coined on the name of Dosha are due to the attributes - Guna[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%E1%B9%87a] possessed by them. Every activity happening every now and then inside the body is totally governed by and is under the influence of dosha.
<div style = "text-align:justify;"> Dosha[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosha]are the biological humor[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humorism] manifesting there presence in living body by performing various activities, processes, functions and mechanics. These dosha are judged by the virtue of their respective functions assorted throughout the body. These functions are coined on the name of Dosha are due to the attributes - Guna[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%E1%B9%87a] possessed by them. Every activity happening every now and then inside the body is totally governed by and is under the influence of dosha.
The three dosha theory (Vata, Pitta and Kapha) since its inception from long time ago was established keeping the functional similarity of similar components governing the ecosystem viz. Sun, Moon and Wind. [[Ayurveda]] proposes this as a "Loka-Purush Samya Siddhanta"
The three dosha theory (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) since its inception from a long time ago was established keeping the functional similarity of similar components governing the eco-system viz. Sun, Moon, and Wind. [[Ayurveda]] proposes this as a "Loka-Purush Samya Siddhanta"
===Etymological meaning===
===Etymological meaning===
The literal meaning of the term Dosha states the independent capacity of body to vitiate, adulterate or contaminate any subtle to gross tissue or structure. On the other hand these dosha are also involved during the conception or fertilization period influencing the formation of new zygote. So whichever the dosha completely dominates throughout the phase of zygote formation may eventually reflect all the characteristics and attribute as a part of behavior or temperament - Prakruti, throughout the lifetime of that particular individual.
The literal meaning of the term Dosha states the independent capacity of the body to vitiate, adulterate or contaminate any subtle to gross tissue or structure. On the other hand, these dosha are also involved during the conception or fertilization period influencing the formation of new zygote. So whichever the dosha completely dominates throughout the phase of zygote formation may eventually reflect all the characteristics and attribute as a part of behavior or temperament - Prakruti, throughout the lifetime of that particular individual.
Thus the etymological meaning of the term Dosha stands as - whoever is independent, responsible for formation of Prakruti and is highly prone to get vitiated thus creating any abnormal pathology. This altogether comprises three aspects for recognization of Dosha - Prakruti arambhak, Svatantra, and Dushti kartutvam. These three dosha are omnipresent in the living body sustaining the integrity of Prana in its
Thus the etymological meaning of the term Dosha stands as - whoever is independent, responsible for the formation of Prakruti, and is highly prone to get vitiated thus creating any abnormal pathology. This altogether comprises three aspects for recognization of Dosha - Prakruti arambhak, Svatantra, and Dushti kartutvam. These three dosha are omnipresent in the living body sustaining the integrity of Prana in its normal stages while the same is responsible for disease ailments when vitiated.
normal stages while the same is responsible for disease ailments when vitiated.
===Definition===
===Definition===
Dosha are generally said to be the humors of the body as per [[Ayurveda]]. These humors may be different as per the physical and psychological aspect of the body. Any substance which is independent in capacity to work, exclusively involved in Prakruti formation physiologically and tends to easily gets deviated to create any pathology is termed to be Dosha. This altogether makes the Dosha a different one from the humors of Greek or Latin philosophy.
Dosha are generally said to be the humor of the body as per [[Ayurveda]]. These humors may be different as per the physical and psychological aspects of the body. Any substance which is independent in capacity to work, exclusively involved in Prakruti formation physiologically and tends to easily get deviated to create any pathology is termed to be Dosha. This altogether makes the Dosha a different one from the humor of Greek or Latin philosophy.
However the term dosha is popularized by the tendency of them to create pathology by deviation in the normal functioning of the body.
However, the term dosha is popularized by the tendency of them to create pathology by deviation in the normal functioning of the body.
At physical level there are three Sharirik dosha which are - Vata, Pitta and Kapha. At psychological level there are only two Mansik dosha namely - Raja and Tama. <ref>Kashinath Shastri. Charak Samhita. Sutra Sthan. Deerghanjivitiya. Reprint 2007. Pg. No. 25. URL. http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/index.php?title=Deerghanjiviteeya_Adhyaya. </ref>
At the physical level, there are three Sharirik dosha namely - Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. At the psychological level, there are only two Mansik dosha namely - Raja and Tama. <ref>Kashinath Shastri. Charak Samhita. Sutra Sthan. Deerghanjivitiya. Reprint 2007. Pg. No. 25. URL. http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/index.php?title=Deerghanjiviteeya_Adhyaya. </ref>
The tridosha can be stated as -
The tridosha can be stated as -
#Vata - Principle factor for any type of movement, initiation, interest, locomotion.
#Vata - Principle factor for any type of movement, initiation, interest, locomotion.
===Constitution===
===Constitution===
[[Ayurveda]] believes that every materialistic and non-materialistic things in the world are made up of the five primitive elements viz. Pancha mahabhutas. Thus every subtle to gross object is having fixed and proportionate elemental composition. Dosha are also having the same with one or the other dominating attributes. The involvement of these Mahabhutas in dosha are ultimately reflected by the guna possessed by the respective dosha.
[[Ayurveda]] believes that every materialistic and non-materialistic thing in the world is made up of the five primitive elements viz. Pancha mahabhutas. Thus every subtle to gross object is having fixed and proportionate elemental composition. Dosha are also having the same with one or the other dominating attributes. The involvement of these Mahabhutas in dosha are ultimately reflected by the guna possessed by the respective dosha.
#Vata dosha - Akasha and Vayu
#Vata dosha - Akasha and Vayu
#Pitta dosha - Teja or Agni
#Pitta dosha - Teja or Agni
|}
|}
==Properties of Sharirik Dosha==
Every materialistic or non-materialistic object (dravya) in the world acts only by the virtue of properties possessed by it. These properties, attributes are nothing but Guna of that dravya.
Every materialistic or non-materialistic object (dravya) in the world acts only by the virtue of properties possessed by it. These properties, attributes are nothing but Guna of that dravya.
The term Dosha from its definition states very three basic properties as -
The term Dosha from its definition states very three basic properties as -
#Which are involved in formation of Prakriti (Somatotype) of an individual.
#Which are involved in the formation of Prakriti (Somatotype) of an individual.
#Those which are independent.
#Those which are independent.
#Those which are unstable and tend to deviate from normalcy and also have tendency to create a disease.
#Those which are unstable and tend to deviate from normalcy and also have a tendency to create a disease.
Vata-Pitta-Kapha are the three Sharirik dosha. Each one possesses individual and specific properties within them. Ancient Ayurvedic scholars differ in their opinion as per their individual thinking and intellect. The following are the properties of Sharirik dosha as mentioned by different ancient scholars.
===Table 2:Comparative analysis of properties of Vata Dosha===
===Table 2:Comparative analysis of properties of Vata Dosha===
==Importance of Dosha==
==Importance of Dosha==
Dosha are the physiological entities of the body playing their respective role both at physical and psychological level as well. They are involved at almost every happening inside the body from subtle to gross level activities. They are involved in birth or origin of an tiny structure, component, organ and ultimately an individual too. They are having a crucial role to run all the functional activities, mechanics of an structure, organ, system and complete organism. Their importance is highlighted in Ayurveda in different Ayurvedic treatises as -
Dosha are the physiological entities of the body playing their respective role both at a physical and psychological level as well. They are involved in almost every happening inside the body from subtle to gross level activities. They are involved in the birth or origin of a tiny structure, component, organ, and ultimately an individual too. They are having a crucial role to run all the functional activities, mechanics of a structure, organ, system, and complete organism. Their importance is highlighted in Ayurveda in different Ayurvedic treatises as -
* दोषधातुमलमूलं हि शरीरम् | - सु.सू.१५/३
* दोषधातुमलमूलं हि शरीरम् | - सु.सू.१५/३
===Physiological Importance===
===Physiological Importance===
# '''Dosha are involved in formation of Prakruti''' - As the definition of the Dosha itself implies - ''Prakruti arambhaktvam''
# Dosha are involved in the formation of Prakruti - As the definition of the Dosha itself implies - ''Prakruti arambhaktvam''
# '''Dosha are vital components to maintain and establish the Health'''
# Dosha are vital components to maintain and establish the Health
# Normalcy of Dosha is responsible for Normal state of ''Agni''
# Normalcy of Dosha is responsible for Normal state of ''Agni''
# Any deviation in any form of Dosha from their normalcy leads to development of pathological ailments further leading into disease.
# Any deviation in any form of Dosha from their normalcy leads to the development of pathological ailments further leading to disease.
# Even though countable and limited Dosha, they are capable to produce innumerable pathological symptoms and diseases too.
# Even though countable and limited Dosha, they are capable to produce innumerable pathological symptoms and diseases too.
# Dosha (Vata, Pitta and Kapha) are the only components responsible for origin and development of metaphysical body and its formed elements. Thus are also considered as pillars of the body holding and sustaining the integrity of life. (वात पित्त श्लेषमाण एव देहसंभवहेतवः | - सु.सू.२१/३)
# Dosha (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) are the only components responsible for the origin and development of the metaphysical body and its formed elements. Thus are also considered as pillars of the body holding and sustaining the integrity of life. (वात पित्त श्लेषमाण एव देहसंभवहेतवः | - सु.सू.२१/३)
'''Inter-relation of Dosha with Rutu (Season)'''
'''Inter-relation of Dosha with Rutu (Season)'''
The body is continuously exposed to the external environment and is under the influence of seasonal impact every now and then. Dosha as per their normal tendency of deviation tends to deviate with the change in season. Dosha starts accumulating further aggravating and then after alleviating due to seasonal changes. This variation and deviation of dosha from its normalcy is completely physiological subject to proper implementation and practicing seasonal regimen as mentioned by Ayurveda classics. It is essential to know the stage-wise variation of dosha to prevent from experiencing any pathological ailments or landing into diseases. This concept is also known as - Physiological Kriyakala.
===Table 5:Physiological Kriyakala===
===Table 5:Physiological Kriyakala===
|-
|-
|}
|}
===Pathological Importance===
===Pathological Importance===
The dosha as the name is suggestive of, are having a natural tendency to deviate from the normalcy. In such way they are very unstable matter with high potential within them. The static or dynamic state of equilibrium of these dosha is mainly responsible for health whereas in-equilibrium leads to manifestation of any pathological ailment which may ultimately land into diseases. The natural behavior of dosha is the capability to contaminate, adulterate, vitiate or create imbalance by any means.
The dosha as the name is suggestive of is having a natural tendency to deviate from normalcy. In such a way, they are very unstable matter with high potential within them. The static or dynamic state of equilibrium of this dosha is mainly responsible for health whereas in-equilibrium leads to the manifestation of any pathological ailment which may ultimately land into diseases. The natural behavior of dosha is the capability to contaminate, adulterate, vitiate, or create imbalance by any means.
* दुष्यन्ति इति दोषः |
* दुष्यन्ति इति दोषः |
* शरीर दूषणात् दोषा | - शा.पु.५
* शरीर दूषणात् दोषा | - शा.पु.५
==Locations of Dosha==
==Locations of Dosha==
These are omnipresent throughout the body. They are continuously in a state of circulation maintaining, regulating and governing all the physiological activities throughout the body. Simultaneously, by the virtue of practicing dosha vitiating factors, the same dosha are also on the verge of deviation due to which body is constantly under the threat of surrendering and becoming host to any disease. Based on this concept, the general location of dosha can be categorized into two as - General location & Specific location.
These are omnipresent throughout the body. They are continuously in a state of circulation maintaining, regulating, and governing all the physiological activities throughout the body. Simultaneously, by the virtue of practicing dosha vitiating factors, the same dosha are also on the verge of deviation due to which the body is constantly under the threat of surrendering and becoming host to any disease. Based on this concept, the general location of dosha can be categorized into two as - General location & Specific location.
=== General location of Dosha ===
सर्वदेहव्यापित्वे अपि यो यास्मिन् अधिवचेन वर्तते तत् तस्य स्थानम् | - हेमाद्रि
सर्वदेहव्यापित्वे अपि यो यास्मिन् अधिवचेन वर्तते तत् तस्य स्थानम् | - हेमाद्रि
Generally whole body is the residing place of Dosha and not any single place whether subtle or gross is devoid by the presence or action of these dosha.
Generally, the whole body is the residing place of Dosha, and not any single place whether subtle or gross is devoid by the presence or action of this dosha.
ते व्यापिनो अपि ह्रन्नाभ्योरधोमध्योर्ध्वसंश्रयाः | - अ.ह्.सू.१/७
ते व्यापिनो अपि ह्रन्नाभ्योरधोमध्योर्ध्वसंश्रयाः | - अ.ह्.सू.१/७
However, from the point of origin of disease there are certain broad location spread throughout body, where the dosha do reside. Manifestation of specific type of diseases as per dosha originates from these location also the treatment modality is selected and assigned keeping these location in focus.
However, from the point of origin of disease, there are certain broad locations spread throughout the body, where the dosha does reside. The manifestation of specific types of diseases as per dosha originates from these locations also the treatment modality is selected and assigned keeping these locations in focus.
=== Specific location of Dosha ===
===Table 6:Specific location of Physical Dosha as per different Ayurveda Scholars===
===Table 6:Specific location of Physical Dosha as per different Ayurveda Scholars===
#Kapha dosha - Prithvi and Jala
#Kapha dosha - Prithvi and Jala
=== Interrelation between Dosha and Dhatu ===
=== Interrelation between Dosha and Dhatu <ref>Kaviraj Atridev Gupta. Ashtang Hridaya. Sutra Sthan. Doshadi Vijyaniya Adhyay. Reprint 2008.</ref> ===
It is the mutual interdependence relation between Ashraya (one who allows to get lodge the other one) and Ashrayee (one who lodges, accumulates). Dosha generally circulates throughout the body and finds a space - Kha vaigunya, to get stagnate, lodge, accumulate thereby favoring the roots for physio-pathogenesis.
It is the mutual interdependence relation between Ashraya (one who allows to get lodge the other one) and Ashrayee (one who lodges, accumulates). Dosha generally circulates throughout the body and finds a space - Kha vaigunya, to get stagnate, lodge, accumulate thereby favoring the roots for physio-pathogenesis.
It is shown in the table below -
It is shown in the table below -
The same is highlighted in the table of Physiological Kriyakala, mentioned above.
The same is highlighted in the table of Physiological Kriyakala, mentioned above.
=== Influence of Dosha on Agni ===
=== Mutual interrelation between Rutu-Dosha-Rasa-Guna ===
'''Table 9: Interrelation between Dosha and Agni'''
{| class="wikitable"
! Sr.No''' !! ''Rutu''!! ''Mahabhuta''!! ''Dosha''!! ''Rasa''!! ''Guna''
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | 1
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Shishir
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Vayu + Akash
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Vata
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Tikta
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Laghu, Shita
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | 2
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Vasant
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Vayu + Prithvi
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Kapha
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Kashay
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Guru, Shita
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | 3
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Grishma
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Agni + Vayu
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Pitta
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Katu
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Laghu, Ushna
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | 4
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Varsha
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Prithvi + Agni
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Vata
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Amla
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Laghu, Ushna
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | 5
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Sharad
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Agni + Jala
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Pitta
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Lavana
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Laghu, Snigdha
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | 6
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Hemant
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Prithvi + Jala
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Kapha
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Madhur
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Guru, Snigdha
|}
=== Influence of Dosha on Agni <ref>Kashinath Shastri. Charak Samhita. Chikitsa Sthan. Grahani Chikitsa Adhyay. Reprint 2007. URL.http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/index.php?title=Grahani_Chikitsa_Adhyaya </ref> ===
Tridosha are the working biophysical entities influencing almost every physiological activity within the body. Dosha also affect the status of Jatharagni thereby altering the digestive capabilities of Agni. It is due to the dominancy of a group of properties of any of the Dosha. It is mentioned below -
Tridosha are the working biophysical entities influencing almost every physiological activity within the body. Dosha also affect the status of Jatharagni thereby altering the digestive capabilities of Agni. It is due to the dominancy of a group of properties of any of the Dosha. It is mentioned below -
'''Table 9: Interrelation between Dosha and Agni'''
'''Table 10: Interrelation between Dosha and Agni'''
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Sr.No''' !! ''Dosha''!! ''Type of Agni''!! ''Clinical picture''
! Sr.No''' !! ''Dosha''!! ''Type of Agni''!! ''Clinical picture''
The same dosha by the virtue of respective guna, influence the status of the mucosal gut lining which affects the intestinal environment and bowel habits. The same is mentioned in the table below -
The same dosha by the virtue of respective guna, influence the status of the mucosal gut lining which affects the intestinal environment and bowel habits. The same is mentioned in the table below -
'''Table 10: Interrelation between Dosha and Koshta'''
'''Table 11: Interrelation between Dosha and Koshta'''
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
|}
|}
== Functions of Dosha ==
Vata, Pitta, Kapha in their normal limits, while circulating throughout the whole body governs all the activities of the body in terms of rate, rhythm, pace, regulation, secretion, acceleration, suppression, movements, tissue cycle viability, and many more.
The same dosha due to the influence of substantial etiological factors may undergo rise or downfall thereby ready to create unwholesome effects in the body while the same in their normalcy are responsible for wholesome actions. The overall wholesome effects of Dosha being in their normal limits are reflected in terms of – Upchaya (proper growth and development of organs), Bala (strength, vigor), Varna (skin complexion), Prasannata (inner blissful state of the psyche).<ref>Kashinath Shastri. Charak Samhita. Sutra Sthan. Maharoga Adhyay. Reprint 2007. URL. http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/index.php?title=Maharoga_Adhyaya </ref>
Vata, Pitta, Kapha are responsible to control a specific group of actions or functions.
=== Functions of Vata dosha ===
# Harsha – Utsaah (cheerfulness, enthusiasm)
# Shvas-Ni shvas (respiratory cycles)
# Cheshta pravartak (initiator of all physical, psychological and speech-related activities)
# Vega pravartan (the reason behind the development of physiological urges)
# Uccha Avachanam Chesta (accelerator and inhibitor of all activities)
# Niyanta Praneta cha Manasa (controller and regulator of psyche)
# Sarvendriya Udyojak (stimulates sensory faculties for their respective work)
# Sarvaindriyarthanaam abhivodha (the reason behind carrying the sensation through sensory faculties to respective centers)
# Sarva sharir dhatu vyuhkara (regulates and control tissue cycles and viability)
# Sandhankara sharirasya (key to annex or approximate the molecules)
# Pravartako vacha (stimulator of speech)
# Prakruti shabda sparsha (origin of touch and sound)
# Shrotra sparshan yo mulam (is the root cause of auditory and tactile sense faculties)
# Samirno agne (provokes the internal heat)
# Dosha sanshoshan (absorption of other dosha)
# Kshepta bahirmalanam (expels ejaculatory secretions)
# Sthulanu strotasam bhetta (capable to penetrate and pierce subtle to gross structures within the body)
# Karta garbhakruti naam (plays a role in the division of cells thereby helps Garbha to attain a shape)
# Ayusho anu vrutti pratyay bhuto (helps to sustain the integrity for continuity of life)
=== Functions of Pitta dosha ===
# Pakti (digestion)
# Ushma (heat)
# Darshan (vision process)
# Kshut-Trut (hunger and thirst)
# Ruchi (taste appreciation)
# Prabha (skin lustre)
# Medha (grasping power)
# Dhi (retention power)
# Shourya (courage, valor)
# Tanu mardav (delicacy of skin texture)
=== Functions of Kapha dosha ===
# Sandhi sanshleshan (lubrication within joints)
# Snehan (oleation)
# Ropan (healing and repair)
# Bala (strength)
# Sthiratva (stability)
# Kshama (forbearance)
# Gauravam (heaviness)
# Vrushata (fertility)
# Alobha (non-greediness)
# Snigdhatva (unctuousness)
== Clinical aspects of Dosha ==
== Clinical aspects of Dosha ==
=== Diagnosis of the abnormal state of Dosha ===
वाते पित्ते कफे चैव क्षीणे लक्षणमुच्यते| कर्मणः प्राकृताद्धानिर्वृद्धिर्वाऽपि विरोधिनाम् || Cha.Sa.Su.18/52
वाते पित्ते कफे चैव क्षीणे लक्षणमुच्यते| कर्मणः प्राकृताद्धानिर्वृद्धिर्वाऽपि विरोधिनाम् || Cha.Sa.Su.18/52
Conversely, any aggravation in dosha is indicated by an increase in their normal functions. Thus normalcy, decrease, and aggravation of dosha are examined.
Conversely, any aggravation in dosha is indicated by an increase in their normal functions. Thus normalcy, decrease, and aggravation of dosha are examined.
=== Diseases due to Dosha ===
There are three types of diseases – Nija (endogenous), agantuja (exogenous), and manasa (psychological). Nija vyadhi (endogenous diseases) are caused by the vitiation of body doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha). Agantuja (exogenous diseases) are caused bhuta (invisible organisms), poisonous substances, wind, fire, and trauma. Manasa (psychological diseases) are caused by a conflict between not getting the desired things and getting non desired things.
There are three types of diseases – Nija (endogenous), agantuja (exogenous), and manasa (psychological). Nija vyadhi (endogenous diseases) are caused by the vitiation of body doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha). Agantuja (exogenous diseases) are caused bhuta (invisible organisms), poisonous substances, wind, fire, and trauma. Manasa (psychological diseases) are caused by a conflict between not getting the desired things and getting non desired things.
=== Treatment for Dosha ===
प्रशाम्यत्यौषधैः पूर्वो दैवयुक्तिव्यपाश्रयैः| मानसो ज्ञानविज्ञानधैर्यस्मृतिसमाधिभिः || Cha.Sa.Su.1/58
प्रशाम्यत्यौषधैः पूर्वो दैवयुक्तिव्यपाश्रयैः| मानसो ज्ञानविज्ञानधैर्यस्मृतिसमाधिभिः || Cha.Sa.Su.1/58
The principle of treatment is to augment the loss or deficiency, to pacify the aggravation and reduced or remove increment of the Dosha and maintain them in a stare of healthy equilibrium.
The principle of treatment is to augment the loss or deficiency, to pacify the aggravation and reduced or remove increment of the Dosha and maintain them in a stare of healthy equilibrium.
'''Table 12: Selective treatment modality and substance for Dosha'''
{| class="wikitable"
! Sr.No''' !! ''Dosha''!! ''Type of Treatment modality''!! ''Dravya''
|-
! rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | 1
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Vata
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Basti (Therapeutic Enema)
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Taila (Oil)
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | 2
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Pitta
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Virechan (Therapeutic Purgation)
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Ghruta (Ghee / Clarified butter)
|-
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | 3
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Kapha
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Vaman (Therapeutic Emesis)
| rowspan="1" style="text-align: left;" | Madhu (Honey)
|-
|}
Substances for internal therapeutic uses <ref>Kashinath Shastri. Charak Samhita. Sutra Sthan. Yajjah Purushiya Adhyay. Reprint 2007. URL. http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/index.php?title=Yajjah_Purushiya_Adhyaya. </ref>-
# '''Honey (madhu)''': Alleviates Kapha and Pitta
# '''Ghee (ghrita)''': Alleviates Vata and Pitta
# '''Sesame oil (tila taila)''': Alleviates Vata and Kapha
== References ==