Changes

|data3 = [[Siddhi Sthana]]

|data3 = [[Siddhi Sthana]]

|label4 = Other Sections

|label4 = Other Sections

|data4 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidhana Sthana]],[[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]]

|data4 = [[Sutra Sthana]], [[Nidana Sthana]],[[Vimana Sthana]], [[Sharira Sthana]], [[Indriya Sthana]]

|label5 = Author

|label5 = Author

|data5 = Nishteswar K.

|data5 = Nishteswar K.

|label7 = Editors  

|label7 = Editors  

|data7  = Deole Y.S.,Basisht G.

|data7  = Deole Y.S.,Basisht G.

|label8 = Date of publication  

|label8 = Year of publication  

|data8 = December 17, 2018

|data8 = 2020

|label9 = DOI  

|label9 = DOI  

|data9  = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s07.001 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s07.001]

|data9  = [https://doi.org/10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s07.001 10.47468/CSNE.2020.e01.s07.001]

|header10 = Chapters

|header10 = Chapters

|label11 =  

|label11 =  

|data11 = [[Madanakalpa Adhyaya]], [[Jimutaka Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Ikshvaku Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Dhamargava Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Vatsaka Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Kritavedhana Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Shyamatrivrita Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Chaturangula Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Tilvaka Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Sudha Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Saptalashankhini Kalpa Adhyaya]], [[Dantidravanti Kalpa Adhyaya]] }}

|data11 = 1. [[Madanakalpa Adhyaya]], 2. [[Jimutaka Kalpa Adhyaya]], 3. [[Ikshvaku Kalpa Adhyaya]], 4. [[Dhamargava Kalpa Adhyaya]], 5. [[Vatsaka Kalpa Adhyaya]], 6. [[Kritavedhana Kalpa Adhyaya]], 7. [[Shyamatrivrita Kalpa Adhyaya]], 8. [[Chaturangula Kalpa Adhyaya]], 9. [[Tilvaka Kalpa Adhyaya]], 10. [[Sudha Kalpa Adhyaya]], 11. [[Saptalashankhini Kalpa Adhyaya]], 12. [[Dantidravanti Kalpa Adhyaya]] }}

'''<big>Preamble of Kalpa Sthana</big>'''

'''<big>Preamble of Kalpa Sthana</big>'''

<div style="text-align:justify;">

<div style="text-align:justify;">

=== Fundamental principles===

=== Fundamental principles===

A healthy individual is an asset to any society, while a sick individual will be a liability to his family in particular and the society at large. To keep oneself healthy, [[Ayurveda]] lays down the principles of various lifestyles in terms of daily regimen (''dinacharya''), seasonal regimen (''ritucharya'') and modified lifestyles to cure the diseases. Physical exercise for the preservation of health begins with adapting techniques for purification of the body and the mind along with an intake of ''rasayana'' drugs (rejuvenatives). Accumulated ''malas'' (metabolic waste) at the level of cell, tissue or organ should be expunged out to facilitate the restoration of normal functioning of the body by five purificatory procedures (''shodhana karma'') often referred as [[Panchakarma]], namely ''vamana'' (emesis), ''virechana'' (purgation), ''asthapana basti'' (evacuative enema), ''anuvasana basti'' (restorative enema), and ''shirovirechana'' (errhines) are indicated for healthy as well as diseased persons. If ''malas'' are not taken out of the body, they cause diseases and decay (ageing) of the body. After purification procedures, ''jatharagni'' (gastro-intestinal digestive juices) becomes weak and may not digest the food normally.  For restoration of this function, the food that is easily digestible is introduced and increased gradually over a period of time and this procedure is called ''samsarjana karma''. Details of pharmaceutical process of drugs employed in ''vamana'' and ''virechana'' procedures are given in this section and detailed therapeutic implications of all the ''shodhana'' karma in [[Siddhi Sthana]].  

A healthy individual is an asset to any society, while a sick individual will be a liability to his family in particular and the society at large. To keep oneself healthy, [[Ayurveda]] lays down the principles of various lifestyles in terms of daily regimen ([[dinacharya]]), seasonal regimen ([[ritucharya]]) and modified lifestyles to cure the diseases. Physical exercise for the preservation of health begins with adapting techniques for purification of the body and the mind along with an intake of [[rasayana]] drugs (rejuvenatives). Accumulated [[mala]] (metabolic waste) at the level of cell, tissue or organ should be expunged out to facilitate the restoration of normal functioning of the body by five purification procedures ([[shodhana karma]]) often referred as [[Panchakarma]], namely [[vamana]] (emesis), [[virechana]] (purgation), [[asthapana basti]] (evacuative enema), [[anuvasana basti]] (restorative enema), and [[shirovirechana]] (errhines) are indicated for healthy as well as diseased persons. If ''malas'' are not taken out of the body, they cause diseases and decay (ageing) of the body. After purification procedures, ''jatharagni'' (gastro-intestinal digestive juices) becomes weak and may not digest the food normally.  For restoration of this function, the food that is easily digestible is introduced and increased gradually over a period of time and this procedure is called ''samsarjana karma''. Details of pharmaceutical process of drugs employed in [[vamana]] and [[virechana]] procedures are given in this section and detailed therapeutic implications of all the [[shodhana]] karma in [[Siddhi Sthana]].  

''Vamana'' and ''virechana'' therapies should be administered before administering ''basti'' (medicated enema therapy). Therefore, ''vamana'' and ''virechana'' drugs are first described in [[Kalpa Sthana]] before the description of ''basti'' therapy, which is described in detail under [[Siddhi Sthana]]. Generally, purgation therapy is administered only after the administration of emetic therapy and keeping this view the first six chapters are allocated for description of emetic drugs.  

[[Vamana]] and [[virechana]] therapies should be administered before administering [[basti]] (medicated enema therapy). Therefore, [[vamana]] and [[virechana]] drugs are first described in [[Kalpa Sthana]] before the description of [[basti]] therapy, which is described in detail under [[Siddhi Sthana]]. Generally, purgation therapy is administered only after the administration of emetic therapy and keeping this view the first six chapters are allocated for description of emetic drugs.  

Six drugs have been described for emesis and nine others are described for purgation. Six hundred recipes prepared from these drugs (Total 15 drugs) are for the use of physician of low caliber and intelligent physician can formulate many other recipes to suit the exact requirement of his patient. The formulations are prescribed according to disease in different dosage forms like ''kashaya'' (decoction), ''svarasa'' (juice), ''kalka'' (paste), ''churna'' (powder), ''peya'' (drinks), ''lehya'' (lickable), and ''bhojya'' (foods).  

Six drugs have been described for emesis and nine others are described for purgation. Six hundred recipes prepared from these drugs (Total 15 drugs) are for the use of physician of low caliber and intelligent physician can formulate many other recipes to suit the exact requirement of his patient. The formulations are prescribed according to disease in different dosage forms like ''kashaya'' (decoction), ''svarasa'' (juice), ''kalka'' (paste), ''churna'' (powder), ''peya'' (drinks), ''lehya'' (lickable), and ''bhojya'' (foods).  

==== Factors responsible for therapeutic efficacy ====

==== Factors responsible for therapeutic efficacy ====

Four important factors for producing maximum therapeutic efficacy of these drugs are identified. ''Deshasampat'' (collecting the plant from appropriate habitat), ''kalasampat'' (collecting the drugs in the appropriate season), ''gunasampat'' (collecting the plants when they are enriched with excellent attributes like ''rasa'', ''guna'', ''virya'', etc.) and ''bhajanasampat'' (storage of drugs in appropriate container).

Four important factors for producing maximum therapeutic efficacy of these drugs are identified. ''Deshasampat'' (collecting the plant from appropriate habitat), ''kalasampat'' (collecting the drugs in the appropriate season), ''gunasampat'' (collecting the plants when they are enriched with excellent attributes like ''rasa'', [[guna]], [[virya]], etc.) and ''bhajanasampat'' (storage of drugs in appropriate container).

==== Pharmacokinetics of Drugs ====

==== Pharmacokinetics of Drugs ====

Drugs (used for emesis and purgation) which are ''ushna'' (hot), ''tikshna'' (sharp), ''sukshma'' (subtle), ''vyavayi'' (those pervading the entire body before getting digested) and ''vikasi'' (those causing looseness of joints), by virtue of their own potency, reach the heart and circulate through the vessels. Because of their ''agneya'' nature (predominance of ''agni mahabhuta'', or fire element), they liquefy the compact form of (adhered) ''doshas'' (morbid material), and because of their sharpness (''tikshna'' attribute) they separate the adhered ''doshas'' located in the gross and subtle channels of the entire body.  Like honey kept in the pot smeared with fat, the morbid material, after separation, moves floating without adhesion in the body which has been oleated (by the administration of oleation therapy). Because of its nature to move through subtle channels and to flow (towards the gastrointestinal tract), this morbid material reaches the stomach, and gets propelled by ''udana vayu''. Because of the predominance of ''agni'' and ''vayu mahabhutas'' in these (emetic) drugs, and because of their specific action to move upwards, the morbid material gets expelled through the upward tract (mouth). On the other hand, purgative drugs, because of the predominance of ''prithvi'' and ''jala mahabhutas'', and because of their specific action, (''prabhavajanya'') move downwards to expel the morbid material through the downward tract (anus). Combination of both these attributes result in the expulsion of the morbid material through both the upward and downward tracts.

Drugs (used for emesis and purgation) which are ''ushna'' (hot), ''tikshna'' (sharp), ''sukshma'' (subtle), ''vyavayi'' (those pervading the entire body before getting digested) and ''vikasi'' (those causing looseness of joints), by virtue of their own potency, reach the heart and circulate through the vessels. Because of their ''agneya'' nature (predominance of [[agni mahabhuta]], or fire element), they liquefy the compact form of (adhered) [[dosha]] (morbid material), and because of their sharpness (''tikshna'' attribute) they separate the adhered [[dosha]] located in the gross and subtle channels of the entire body.  Like honey kept in the pot smeared with fat, the morbid material, after separation, moves floating without adhesion in the body which has been oleated (by the administration of oleation therapy). Because of its nature to move through subtle channels and to flow (towards the gastrointestinal tract), this morbid material reaches the stomach, and gets propelled by ''udana vayu''. Because of the predominance of [[agni mahabhuta]] and [[vayu mahabhuta]] in these (emetic) drugs, and because of their specific action to move upwards, the morbid material gets expelled through the upward tract (mouth). On the other hand, purgative drugs, because of the predominance of ''prithvi'' and ''jala mahabhutas'', and because of their specific action, (''prabhavajanya'') move downwards to expel the morbid material through the downward tract (anus). Combination of both these attributes result in the expulsion of the morbid material through both the upward and downward tracts.

==== Similarities/ Dissimilarities of ''virya'' ====

==== Similarities/ Dissimilarities of ''virya'' ====