Changes

The probable errors committed by the person who administers ''basti'' are 10 in number.  Charak in 3rd chapter of ''siddhi'' has laid down the standard operative procedure of administration as follows:

The probable errors committed by the person who administers ''basti'' are 10 in number.  Charak in 3rd chapter of ''siddhi'' has laid down the standard operative procedure of administration as follows:

''Guda'' (and the distal ¼ of the ''netra'') should be anointed first (स्निग्धे गुदे नेत्रचतुर्थभागं स्निग्धं) and slowly the ''netra'' should be introduced in the direction of spine (शनैरृज्वनपृष्ठवंशम्), without any trembling, tremor etc., with skilled hands (अकम्पनावेपनलाघवादीन् पाण्योर्गुणांश्चापि विदर्शयंस्तम्) and the medication should be emptied in a single squeeze from ''basti'' (प्रपीड्य चैकग्रहणेन दत्तं) and slowly ''netra'' can be withdrawn (नेत्रं शनैरेव ततोऽपकर्षेत्). (Ca.Si.3/19, 20)

''Guda'' (and the distal ¼ of the ''netra'') should be anointed first (स्निग्धे गुदे नेत्रचतुर्थभागं स्निग्धं) and slowly the ''netra'' should be introduced in the direction of spine (शनैरृज्वनपृष्ठवंशम्), without any trembling, tremor etc., with skilled hands (अकम्पनावेपनलाघवादीन् पाण्योर्गुणांश्चापि विदर्शयंस्तम्) and the medication should be emptied in a single squeeze from ''basti'' (प्रपीड्य चैकग्रहणेन दत्तं) and slowly ''netra'' can be withdrawn (नेत्रं शनैरेव ततोऽपकर्षेत्). [Cha.Sa. [[Siddhi Sthana]] 3/19, 20)

Chakrapani categorizes these as ''pranayana, badha'' and ''peedana''. ''Savata'' is a defect committed during ''badha'' (filling and tying of ''basti'') and ''peedana'' (squeezing of ''basti''). ''Atidruta, utkshipta, tiryak, kampita, ati,'' and ''bahyaga'' are considered as defects committed during ''pranayana'' (introduction of ''netra'' into the anus). ''Ullupta, mandavega'' and ''ativega'' are committed while ''peedana''.

Chakrapani categorizes these as ''pranayana, badha'' and ''peedana''. ''Savata'' is a defect committed during ''badha'' (filling and tying of ''basti'') and ''peedana'' (squeezing of ''basti''). ''Atidruta, utkshipta, tiryak, kampita, ati,'' and ''bahyaga'' are considered as defects committed during ''pranayana'' (introduction of ''netra'' into the anus). ''Ullupta, mandavega'' and ''ativega'' are committed while ''peedana''.

Sushruta has explained ''pranidhanadosha'' and ''peedana dosha'' separately and are six and four in number respectively<ref>Suśruta, Suśrutasamhitha Cikitsāsthāna chapter 35. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 1980. p. 515. (Krishnadas [[Ayurveda]] series 51).</ref>. ''Peedanakala'' was not specified by Charak and Vagbhata have mentioned its significance in the procedure. Direct reference to peedanakala by Sushruta lacks clarity, even though Dalhana gives commentary on ''peedanakala'' as thirty ''matra'' for a person with ''mridu'' (delicate/tender) ''koshtha'' कोष्ठ (bowels)<ref>Suśruta, Suśrutasamhitha Cikitsāsthāna chapter 38. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 1980. p. 534. (Krishnadas [[Ayurveda]] series 51)</ref>

Sushruta has explained ''pranidhanadosha'' and ''peedana dosha'' separately and are six and four in number respectively<ref>Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.35 Netrabastipramanapravibhaga Chikitsitam Adhyaya,In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Sushruta Samhita. ?? ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Ayurveda series 51, Krishnadas Academy; 1980. p. 515.</ref>. ''Peedanakala'' was not specified by Charak and Vagbhata have mentioned its significance in the procedure. Direct reference to peedanakala by Sushruta lacks clarity, even though Dalhana gives commentary on ''peedanakala'' as thirty ''matra'' for a person with ''mridu'' (delicate/tender) ''koshtha'' कोष्ठ (bowels)<ref><ref>Sushruta. Chikitsa Sthana, Cha.38 Niruhakrama Chikitsitam Adhyaya,In: Jadavaji Trikamji Aacharya, Editor. Sushruta Samhita. ?? ed. Varanasi: Krishnadas Ayurveda series 51, Krishnadas Academy; 1980. p. 534.</ref>

Practically, it is seen that conducting a per rectal examination prior to the introduction of ''netra'' provides not only valuable information on the condition of rectum but also de-sensitizes<ref>Manojkumar A K, Jigeesh P P, Binitha A, Subin V R. Kaśhāyavasti. In, Manojkumar A K (ed). Standard Operative Procedure of Pancakarma, 1st edition. Kottakkal, Regional Offset, 2013.</ref> the rectum thereby ensuring smooth conduct of the procedure. It is observed that chances of most defects in introduction are done away with the adoption of this maneuver in practice. Also, during squeezing of ''basti'', if any resistance is felt, it is better to retract the ''netra'' and re-introduce it as chances are likely that the aperture of ''netra'' may be directed towards the wall of the anal canal. (Verse 8)

Practically, it is seen that conducting a per rectal examination prior to the introduction of ''netra'' provides not only valuable information on the condition of rectum but also de-sensitizes<ref>Manojkumar A K, Jigeesh P P, Binitha A, Subin V R. Kaśhāyavasti. In, Manojkumar A K (ed). Standard Operative Procedure of Pancakarma, 1st edition. Kottakkal, Regional Offset, 2013.</ref> the rectum thereby ensuring smooth conduct of the procedure. It is observed that chances of most defects in introduction are done away with the adoption of this maneuver in practice. Also, during squeezing of ''basti'', if any resistance is felt, it is better to retract the ''netra'' and re-introduce it as chances are likely that the aperture of ''netra'' may be directed towards the wall of the anal canal. (Verse 8)