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|title=Kha vaigunya

|title=Kha vaigunya

|titlemode=append

|titlemode=append

|keywords= Kha vaigunya, Kha Vaigunya in Ayurveda, Prevention of disease occurrence and recurrence, charak samhita, caraka samhita, Indian system of medicine

|keywords= Kha vaigunya, Kha Vaigunya in Ayurveda, Prevention of disease occurrence and recurrence, charak samhita, caraka samhita, Indian system of medicine, ayurveda, defects in system,disease-producing causes

|description=Prevention of disease occurrence and recurrence  

|description=Prevention of disease occurrence and recurrence  

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|data1 = [[Nidana]] / [[Vyadhi]] / Kha Vaigunya

|data1 = [[Nidana]] / [[Vyadhi]] / Kha Vaigunya

|label2 = Authors

|label2 = Author

|data2 = Khandel S.K.¹,  

|data2 = Khandel S.K.¹,  

|label3 = Reviewed by

|label3 = Reviewer

|data3 = Basisht G.²

|data3 = Basisht G.²

<div style = "text-align:justify;">  

<div style = "text-align:justify;">  

Ayurvedic practitioners are trained to identify changes in microtissues that predispose to disease and this phenomenon is called Kha vaigunya. These changes are not sufficient to produce the disease, however, they form the essential base for possible diseases in near future.  They may be at genetic level, microcellular level, chronic inflammation in the tissues, defects due to previous treatment, or untreated toxins in the tissues.  Kha vaigunya is an important milestone in the six-stage pathogenesis of disease progression (shat-kriya kala). The vitiated dosha are localized at the defective body system leading to the formation of disease.

Ayurvedic practitioners are trained to identify changes in microtissues that predispose to disease and this phenomenon is called Kha vaigunya. These changes are not sufficient to produce the disease, however, they form the essential base for possible diseases in near future.  They may be at genetic level, micro cellular level, chronic inflammation in the tissues, defects due to previous treatment, or untreated toxins in the tissues.  Kha vaigunya is an important milestone in the six-stage pathogenesis of disease progression ([[shat-kriyakala]]). The vitiated [[dosha]] are localized at the defective body system leading to the formation of disease.

Occurrence and recurrence are two terms used in medical systems to understand the basic pathogenesis of the disease. Occurrence is the first occasion when a disease manifests due to the first event of disequilibrium of tissues. Whereas recurrence is a repeated occurrence of disease due to many factors including lack of proper treatment or elimination of the disease. However, the patient is a common sufferer in both processes. The events can be viewed as a ‘defective body system’.

Occurrence and recurrence are two terms used in medical systems to understand the basic pathogenesis of the disease. Occurrence is the first occasion when a disease manifests due to the first event of disequilibrium of tissues. Whereas recurrence is a repeated occurrence of disease due to many factors including lack of proper treatment or elimination of the disease. However, the patient is a common sufferer in both processes. The events can be viewed as a ‘defective body system’.

== Causes for occurrence and recurrence of diseases ==

== Causes for occurrence and recurrence of diseases ==

Disease occurrence is a multi-factorial phenomenon. A number of causes play role in it. Disease producing causes (DPC) (utpadak hetu) differ from Disease manifesting causes (DMC) (vyanjak hetu).  Kha vaigunya (defective channels of transport and transformation) is one of the most important disease-producing causes (DPC) and is a prerequisite for all diseases. ‘Kha’ literally means ‘empty or vacant space’. In view of Ayurveda's physiology and pathology, it refers to the body channels of transport and transformation. Vaigunya means defect or deformity. It can also be viewed as a factor responsible for the opportunistic process of disease.

Disease occurrence is a multi-factorial phenomenon. A number of causes play role in it. Disease producing causes (DPC) (utpadak hetu) differ from Disease manifesting causes (DMC) (vyanjak hetu).  Kha vaigunya (defective channels of transport and transformation) is one of the most important disease-producing causes (DPC) and is a prerequisite for all diseases. ‘Kha’ literally means ‘empty or vacant space’. In view of Ayurveda's physiology and pathology, it refers to the body channels of transport and transformation. Vaigunya means defect or deformity. It can also be viewed as a factor responsible for the opportunistic process of disease.

== Disease producing causes ==

== Disease producing causes ==

DPC’s are remote and nonspecific or common causes for various diseases. These can be understood by the following points:

DPC’s are remote and nonspecific or common causes for various diseases. These can be understood by the following points:

* May not be detected on laboratory investigations.

* May not be detected on laboratory investigations.

== Physiology of fluid circulation ==

== Physiology of fluid circulation ==

In order to understand, the deformity in body channels, one shall first understand the normal basic physiology according to Ayurveda.   

In order to understand, the deformity in body channels, one shall first understand the normal basic physiology according to Ayurveda.   

Good composition of srotas or microchannels is important for the circulation of body constituents.  Akasha or space, one of the mahabhuta among 5 primordial components of nature, is an important constituent of microchannels. It allows all body constituents to flow without obstruction (apratighata). It provides space required for all activities of cells, tissues, and organs, with effortless ease and zero resistance. This process is continuous in living being with the least or zeroes consumption of energy in the transportation of biofluids.  

Good composition of srotas or microchannels is important for the circulation of body constituents.  Akasha or space, one of the mahabhuta among 5 primordial components of nature, is an important constituent of microchannels. It allows all body constituents to flow without obstruction (apratighata). It provides space required for all activities of cells, tissues, and organs, with effortless ease and zero resistance. This process is continuous in living being with the least or zeroes consumption of energy in the transportation of biofluids.  

== Srotas or Microchannels ==

== Srotas or Microchannels ==

Thus, in view of the above functions, the ‘kha’ or ‘srotas’ can be understood as:  

Thus, in view of the above functions, the ‘kha’ or ‘srotas’ can be understood as:  

* Receivers of the matter from the surrounding environment in the form of food, drinks, and breath

* Receivers of the matter from the surrounding environment in the form of food, drinks, and breath

== Scope of Kha Vaigunya ==

== Scope of Kha Vaigunya ==

Therefore, the defects in the body channels can be observed as a loss of aforesaid physiological performance due to loss of patency of microchannels. It is a prerequisite for functional deformities.  

Therefore, the defects in the body channels can be observed as a loss of aforesaid physiological performance due to loss of patency of microchannels. It is a prerequisite for functional deformities.  

However, it is different from the vitiation of body channels (srotodushti), which is an outcome of admixture of dosha and dushya. This process of vitiation takes place at the site where Khavaigunya already exists.

However, it is different from the vitiation of body channels (srotodushti), which is an outcome of admixture of dosha and dushya. This process of vitiation takes place at the site where Khavaigunya already exists.

== Common causes of occurrence and recurrence by Kha Vaigunya ==

== Common causes of occurrence and recurrence by Kha Vaigunya ==

* Genetic : hereditary factors observed in parents and families (Cha Chi 6/32)

 

* Dietetic : Ignoring the rules for conscious eating  (C.Ci.1/2/3)

* Genetic : hereditary factors observed in parents and families [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 6/32]]

* Malformation of tissues  (Ch Su 28)

* Dietetic : Ignoring the rules for conscious eating  [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1/2/3]

* The debility and remnant toxicity caused by past diseases (Ch Ch 30)

* Malformation of tissues  [Cha.Sa. [[Sutra Sthana]] 28]

* Mental emotional and Physical over exertion/ trauma (Ch Ch 1(2)/4)

* The debility and remnant toxicity caused by past diseases [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 30]

* Mental emotional and Physical over exertion/ trauma [Cha.Sa. [[Chikitsa Sthana]] 1(2)/4]

* Less physical exercises  

* Less physical exercises  

* Suppression of natural urges  

* Suppression of natural urges  

The process of occurrence of disease and factors for its prevention can be understood as below:

The process of occurrence of disease and factors for its prevention can be understood as below:

* The red triangle denotes the pyramid of diseases caused by etiological factors which produce morbidity in bio fluids and damage the defense mechanisms of tissues and channels. They are called Nidana, Dosha & Dushya respectively.  

* The red triangle denotes the pyramid of diseases caused by etiological factors which produce morbidity in bio fluids and damage the defense mechanisms of tissues and channels. They are called Nidana, [[Dosha]] & Dushya respectively.  

* The blue triangle represents homeostatic maintenance by ingested foods, digestion and elimination of the wastes which are unconvertible into energy. These processes are maintained by Prana, Samana & Apana type of vata dosha respectively.  

* The blue triangle represents homeostatic maintenance by ingested foods, digestion and elimination of the wastes which are unconvertible into energy. These processes are maintained by Prana, Samana & Apana type of vata dosha respectively.  

* In balance state of all these three defensive physiological elements are capable of turning the pathological process upside down.   

* In balance state of all these three defensive physiological elements are capable of turning the pathological process upside down.   

* The digestion and metabolism (13 types of agni) help and promotes the defense mechanism.  

* The digestion and metabolism (13 types of [[agni]]) help and promotes the defense mechanism.  

* Weaker agni produces metabolic toxins (aam) which causes disease.  

* Weaker [[agni]] produces metabolic toxins (aam) which causes disease.  

* Occurrence & nonoccurrence depends upon these two tripods.

* Occurrence & non-occurrence depends upon these two tripods.

== Management of disease occurrence and recurrence ==

== Management of disease occurrence and recurrence ==

=== Guidelines to restrict kha vaigunya ===

=== Guidelines to restrict kha vaigunya ===

* Withdrawal from above said causes (nidana parivarjan)

* Withdrawal from above said causes (nidana parivarjan)

* Timely detoxification of body and mind (ritukalina shodhana)

* Timely detoxification of body and mind (ritukalina shodhana)

=== Factors responsible for the prevention of occurrence of diseases ===

=== Factors responsible for the prevention of occurrence of diseases ===

These factors may also be seen as natural immunity or strong defense mechanism.   

These factors may also be seen as natural immunity or strong defense mechanism.   

* Birth in a geographical region where people are naturally strong

* Birth in a geographical region where people are naturally strong

* Excellence of mind qualities

* Excellence of mind qualities

* Natural tendency  

* Natural tendency  

* Youth.

* Youth

* Exercise daily

* Exercise daily

* Cheerful nature

* Cheerful nature

== Requirement for 100 years of healthy life ==

== Requirement for a hundred years of healthy life ==

At last, the essential factors for longevity and health can be summarized. The uninterrupted continuous movement of all bio- psycho-emotional- spiritual energies produced by food –drinks- breath -sensorium & thoughts within the designated channels and sites and for designated functioning is mandated for health (veetaroga iti niroga) (Cha. Chi. 28/4)

 

At last, the essential factors for longevity and health can be summarized. The uninterrupted continuous movement of all bio- psycho-emotional- spiritual energies produced by food –drinks- breath -sensorium & thoughts within the designated channels and sites and for designated functioning is mandated for health (veetaroga iti niroga) [Cha.Sa.[[Chikitsa Sthana]] 28/4]