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|title=Mahatigarbhavakranti Sharira

|title=Mahatigarbhavakranti Sharira

|titlemode=append

|titlemode=append

|keywords=Garbha Poshana (Nourishment of fetus), Garbha Bhavas (Factors for fetal development), prakriti (basic body constitution), development of fetus, genetic and chromosomal deformities, manas prakriti (psychic traits)

|keywords=Ayurvedic embryology, embryogenesis, Garbha poshana, nourishment of fetus, Garbha bhavas, factors for fetal development, prakriti, basic body constitution, intrauterine growth, genetic and chromosomal deformities, manas prakriti, psychic traits.

|description=Sharira Sthana Chapter 4. Detail description on embryonic development

|description=Sharira Sthana Chapter 4. Detail description on embryonic development

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

|image=http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.32.1/resources/assets/ogimgs.jpg

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<big>'''Abstract'''</big>

<div style="text-align:justify;">In Charak Samhita, this chapter focuses on garbha (embryo and/or fetus) in regards to the origin, definition of its composition, consecutive development in the womb, factors for growth, destruction and hindering of the birth. Six factors responsible for the formation of garbha and sources of respective organs have been described in detail. Sequential growth and development of fetus has been explained systematically in the womb from first month to tenth month of gestation. Detailed description of garbhopaghatkarbhava (factors inhibiting growth of foetus) and significance of dauhrida (connection of two hearts and its manifestations, mother and foetus) are made clear. Causes of the birth of genetically disordered foetus like putipraja (premature), varta (Female hypogonadism, chromosomalaneuploidy) and trinaputrika (male hypogonadism, chromosomal aneuploidy) are discussed. This chapter also includes the description of classification of sharira (body) and manasa (mind). Further types of mental constitutions based on predominance of sattva, rajas and tamas are sub-classified into 16 types under three major categories viz. sattvika, rajasika and tamasika with their distinguishing features. At the end of chapter, auspicious and inauspicious eight factors for the foetus are mentioned. </div>

<div style="text-align:justify;">In Charak Samhita, this chapter focuses on garbha (embryo and/or fetus) in regards to the origin, definition of its composition, consecutive development in the womb, factors for growth, destruction and hindering of the birth. Six factors responsible for the formation of embryo and sources of respective organs have been described in detail. Sequential growth and development of fetus has been explained systematically in the womb from first month to tenth month of gestation. Detailed description of garbhopaghatkarbhava (factors inhibiting growth of foetus) and significance of dauhrida (connection of two hearts and its manifestations, mother and foetus) are made clear. Causes of the birth of genetically disordered foetus like putipraja (premature), varta (Female hypogonadism, chromosomalaneuploidy) and trinaputrika (male hypogonadism, chromosomal aneuploidy) are discussed. This chapter also includes the description of classification of sharira (body) and manasa (mind). Further types of mental constitutions based on predominance of sattva, rajas and tamas are sub-classified into 16 types under three major categories viz. sattvika, rajasika and tamasika with their distinguishing features. At the end of chapter, auspicious and inauspicious eight factors for the foetus are mentioned. </div>

'''Keywords''': ''Garbha Poshana'' (Nourishment of fetus), ''Garbha Bhavas'' (Factors for fetal development), ''prakriti'' (basic body constitution), development of fetus, genetic and chromosomal deformities, ''manas prakriti'' (psychic traits).

'''Keywords''': Ayurvedic embryology, embryogenesis, Garbha, poshana, nourishment of fetus, Garbha bhavas, factors for fetal development, harmful factors for fetus, dauhrida, desires of pregnant woman, [[prakriti]], basic body constitution, intrauterine growth, genetic and chromosomal deformities, manas [[prakriti]], psychic traits.

{{Infobox

{{Infobox

== Introduction ==

== Introduction ==

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<div style="text-align:justify;">

In the previous chapter ([[Khuddika Garbhavakranti Sharira]]), the six factors or ''bhavas'' which are responsible for formation of ''garbha'' are mentioned along with genetic inheritance in brief. The present chapter deals with complete concepts of Ayurvedic embryology, hence the name ''mahati''; meaning big or detailed. In the beginning Lord Atreya briefs about the contents of the chapter regarding embryo in the form of its definition, its formation and various factors responsible for its sequential development in the womb, factors responsible for growth and development, factors causing morbidity in fetus, different causes for destruction and anomalies in fetus.

In the previous chapter ([[Khuddika Garbhavakranti Sharira]]), the six factors (bhava) which are responsible for formation of embryo (garbha) are mentioned along with genetic inheritance in brief. The present chapter deals with complete concepts of Ayurvedic embryology, hence the name ''mahati''; meaning big or detailed. In the beginning Lord Atreya briefs about the contents of the chapter regarding embryo in the form of its definition, its formation and various factors responsible for its sequential development in the womb, factors responsible for growth and development, factors causing morbidity in fetus, different causes for destruction and anomalies in fetus.

Six factors responsible for the formation of embryo and sources of respective organs have been described in detail. The embryo is produced by five ''mahabhutas'' in association with consciousness (''chetana''). During the first month, the embryo is mucoid. Thereafter, in second month, it attains round shape. Subsequently, in third month, it develops all the sensory and motor organs, becomes stabilized and gains weight in fourth month, increases blood and muscle in fifth month, while increase in strength and complexion of fetus develops in sixth month. The fetus attains over-all maturity during the seventh month; and in eight month, due to instability of the ''ojas'', delivery of the fetus is prone to danger.

Six factors responsible for the formation of embryo and sources of respective organs have been described in detail. The embryo is produced by five [[mahabhutas]] in association with consciousness (''chetana''). During the first month, the embryo is semisolid in appearance. Thereafter, in second month, it attains round shape. Subsequently, in third month, it develops all the sensory and motor organs, becomes stabilized and gains weight in fourth month, increases blood and muscle in fifth month, while increase in strength and complexion of fetus develops in sixth month. The fetus attains over-all maturity during the seventh month; and in eight month, due to instability of the ''ojas'', delivery of the fetus is prone to danger.

If the fetus remains in the womb after the period of parturition, which has been defined as the period between 9 to 10 months, it is considered abnormal or ''vaikarika prasavakala''. Normalcy of six factors is responsible for the growth and development of fetus; and growing fetus obtains nourishment through the ''upasneha'' (perfusion, osmosis, active and passive transport) and ''upasweda'' (warmth). Abnormality in these factors leads to destruction of fetus or still birth.

If the fetus remains in the womb after the period of parturition, which has been defined as the period between 9 to 10 months, it is considered abnormal or ''vaikarika prasavakala''. Normalcy of six factors is responsible for the growth and development of fetus; and growing fetus obtains nourishment through the ''upasneha'' (perfusion, osmosis, active and passive transport) and ''upasweda'' (warmth). Abnormality in these factors leads to destruction of fetus or still birth.

== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==

== Tattva Vimarsha (Fundamental Principles) ==

*The aggregation of factors coming from mother, father, the soul, wholesome regimen, ''rasa'' (nutritive fluid) and the mind is important for conception and development of embryo. Any irregularity or deformity in any of these factors will adversely affect the same.  

*The aggregation of factors coming from mother, father, the soul, wholesome regimen, [[rasa]] (nutritive fluid) and the mind is important for conception and development of embryo. Any irregularity or deformity in any of these factors will adversely affect the same.  

*The unification of sperm and ovum with the soul in the womb will lead to formation of ''garbha'' (embryo). Soul is essential component to make the union of sperm and ovum alive.  

*The unification of sperm and ovum with the soul in the womb will lead to formation of [[garbha]] (embryo). Soul is essential component to make the union of sperm and ovum alive. This combined form is termed as 'garbha'. 

*The ''mahabhutas'' are basic constituents of embryo. Chronological development of ''mahabhutas'' is owing to a sequence according to their production or creation in nature.

*The [[mahabhuta]] are basic constituents of embryo. Chronological development of [[mahabhuta]] is owing to a sequence according to their production or creation in nature.

*In the fetus, the parts originated from ''akasha mahabhuta'' are- sound, auditory sensation, lightness, fineness and space; the parts from ''vayu mahabhuta'' are – tangibility, sense of touch, roughness, impulsion, structuring of body tissues and maintaining of  movements of the body and ''dosha''; the parts belonging to ''agni mahabhuta'' are visible form, vision, brightness, digestion and heat; those belonging to ''apa mahabhuta'' are taste, sense of taste, coldness, softness, unctuousness and moisture; those belonging to ''prithvi mahabhuta'' are odor, sensation of smell, heaviness, steadiness and material form.

*In the fetus, the parts originated from [[akasha mahabhuta]] are- sound, auditory sensation, lightness, fineness and space; the parts from [[vayu mahabhuta]] are – tangibility, sense of touch, roughness, impulsion, structuring of body tissues and maintaining of  movements of the body and [[dosha]]; the parts belonging to [[agni mahabhuta]] are visible form, vision, brightness, digestion and heat; those belonging to [[apa mahabhuta]] are taste, sense of taste, coldness, softness, unctuousness and moisture; those belonging to [[prithvi mahabhuta]] are odor, sensation of smell, heaviness, steadiness and material form.

*The individual is an embodiment of the universe. All the material and spiritual phenomena of the universe are present in the individual and vice versa.

*The individual is an embodiment of the universe. All the material and spiritual phenomena of the universe are present in the individual and vice versa.

*The development of embryo takes place gradually in nine months and may be extended to ten months. Anything before this period or after this period will lead to complications during the birth.  

*The development of embryo takes place gradually in nine months and may be extended to ten months. Anything before this period or after this period will lead to complications during the birth.  

*The health status of fetus profoundly depends upon the ''beeja'' (sperm and ovum), their ''beejabhaga'' (genes) and ''beejabhagavaya'' (chromosomes). If anyone of these are abnormal, then it leads to congenital disorders.   

*The health status of fetus profoundly depends upon the ''beeja'' (sperm and ovum), their ''beejabhaga'' (genes) and ''beejabhagavaya'' (chromosomes). If anyone of these are abnormal, then it leads to congenital disorders.   

*The soul is devoid of disorders and beholds supreme position. The soul in different living beings is not different (it is same or part of the same consciousness). The difference in its presence/existence is felt only due to diverse features of the body and mind of different living beings.  

*The soul is devoid of disorders and beholds supreme position. The soul in different living beings is not different (it is same or part of the same consciousness). The difference in its presence/existence is felt only due to diverse features of the body and mind of different living beings.  

*''Doshas'' are definite reasons behind production of disease in body and mind.  

*[[Dosha]] are definite reasons behind production of disease in body and mind.  

*The mind is of three types – pure ''sattvika, rajasika'' and ''tamasika''.   

*The psychic traits are of three types – pure ''sattvika, rajasika'' and ''tamasika''.   

*The pure ''sattvika'' one is free from causing abnormalities as it is gifted with auspiciousness; whereas the ''rajasika'' type is impure because it promotes furious temperament. In the same way, the ''tamasika'' one is similarly impure because of bewilderment.  

*The pure ''sattvika'' one is free from causing abnormalities as it is gifted with auspiciousness; whereas the ''rajasika'' type is impure because it promotes furious temperament. In the same way, the ''tamasika'' one is similarly impure because of bewilderment.  

*Each of these three types of mind can be sub-divided into innumerable forms owing to comparative proportions and type of body and origin of the body it resides into.  

*Each of these three types of mind can be sub-divided into innumerable forms owing to comparative proportions and type of body and origin of the body it resides into.  

*The behavior trait of a person depends upon the dominance of ''sattva, rajas'' or ''tamas'' in psychic constitution.  

*The behavior trait of a person depends upon the dominance of ''sattva, rajas'' or ''tamas'' in psychic constitution.  

*The body influences the mind and vice versa. Thus each somatic disorder affects psyche and each psychiatric disorder affects soma.  

*The body influences the mind and vice versa. Thus each somatic disorder affects psyche and each psychiatric disorder affects soma.  

*Competent cause (''nimitta''), soul, ''prakriti'', gradual development of the fetus in uterus and the factors responsible for the growth are the five auspicious things for the conception.

*There are total eight factors (ashta bhava) that influence embryognesis. Five factors are beneficial for development and three are harmful or destructive. Competent cause (''nimitta''), soul, [[prakriti]], gradual development of the fetus in uterus and the factors responsible for the growth are the five auspicious things for the conception.The factors which are responsible for the prevention of conception, damaging the fetus and teratological abnormalities are three inauspicious factors responsible for ''garbhavighataka'' or destructors of fetus.

*The factors which are responsible for the prevention of conception, damaging the fetus and teratological abnormalities are three inauspicious factors responsible for ''garbhavighataka'' or destructors of fetus.

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences) ==

== Vidhi Vimarsha (Applied Inferences) ==

*Beneficial and harmful factors for embryonic development

*Beneficial and harmful factors for embryonic development

*Genetic and chromosomal relevance of statements on ''bijabhaga'', ''bijabhagavaya'' etc.

*Genetic and chromosomal relevance of statements on ''bijabhaga'', ''bijabhagavaya'' etc.

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