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== Functions of Dhatu ==  

== Functions of Dhatu ==  

The major functions of seven dhatus are listed as preenana(nourishment), jeevana(vitalizing), lepa(covering), snehana(moistening), dharana(supporting),poorana(filling), and garbhoptpadana(reproduction) respectively.[Ashtanga Hrudaya sutra sthana 9/4]

The major functions of seven dhatus are listed as nourishment(preenana), vitalizing(jeevana), covering(lepa), moistening(snehana), supporting(dharana),filling(poorana), and reproduction(garbhoptpadana) respectively.[A.Hr. sutra sthana 9/4]

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! Sr. No. !!Dhatu  !![[Guna]] (qualities)  !! [[Karma]](functions)  

! Sr. No. !!Dhatu  !!qualities ([[Guna]])  !! functions([[Karma]])  

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| 1 || [[Rasa dhatu]] || Drava, snigdha, sara, manda || Tushti (satiety), Preenan(nourishment), Raktapushti (nourishing blood)

| 1 || [[Rasa dhatu]] || Drava, snigdha, sara, manda || satiety (Tushti), nourishment(Preenan), nourishing blood (Raktapushti)

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| 2 || [[Rakta dhatu]] || Drava, sara, visra, laghu || Jeevana (vitality), Varnaprasadana(complexion), Mamsapushti (nourishing muscles)

| 2 || [[Rakta dhatu]] || Drava, sara, visra, laghu || vitality (Jeevana), complexion(Varnaprasadana), nourishing muscles (Mamsapushti)

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| 3 || [[Mamsa dhatu]] || Sthira, guru, snigdha, pichila || Dehapushti (nourishing body), Lepa (body mass) ,medapushti(nourishing adipose tissue)

| 3 || [[Mamsa dhatu]] || Sthira, guru, snigdha, pichila || nourishing body (Dehapushti), body mass (Lepa) ,nourishing adipose tissue(medapushti)

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| 4 || [[Meda dhatu]] || Snigdha, guru,shlakshna, mrudu, Sandra ||Snehana (oleation) of eyes and body,drudhatwa(firmness), asthipushti (nourishing bones)

| 4 || [[Meda dhatu]] || Snigdha, guru,shlakshna, mrudu, Sandra ||oleation (Snehana) of eyes and body,firmness(drudhatwa), nourishing bones (asthipushti)

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| 5 || [[Asthi dhatu]] || Sthira,guru, kathina, khara || Dharana(holding body frame), Majjapushti (nourishing bone marrow)  

| 5 || [[Asthi dhatu]] || Sthira,guru, kathina, khara || holding body frame(Dharana), nourishing bone marrow (Majjapushti)  

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| 6 || [[Majja dhatu]] || Sandra, drava, snigdha,shlakshna ||Snehana (oleation), Balakara(strength), Asthipoorana(filling up bones), Shukrapushti (nourishing reproductive tissues)

| 6 || [[Majja dhatu]] || Sandra, drava, snigdha,shlakshna ||oleation (Snehana), strength(Balakara), filling up bones(Asthipoorana), nourishing reproductive tissues (Shukrapushti)

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|| 7 || [[Shukra dhatu]] ||Drava, sheeta, snigdha || Harsha (pleasure), Bala (strength), Garbhotpadana(reproduction)

|| 7 || [[Shukra dhatu]] ||Drava, sheeta, snigdha ||pleasure (Harsha), strength (Bala), reproduction(Garbhotpadana)

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=== Concept of Upadhatu and Dhatumala ===

=== Concept of Upadhatu and Dhatumala ===

Upadhatu and [[mala]] are by-products formed during process of metabolism. The by-products are categorized into these two groups according to their functional importance. Dhatu supports the body and nourishes the subsequent dhatu. However,upa-dhatus do not nourish any further element. They only carry physiological functions and only support body.  

Upadhatu and [[mala]] are by-products formed during the process of metabolism. The by-products are categorized into these two groups according to their functional importance. Dhatu supports the body and nourishes the subsequent dhatu. However,upadhatus do not nourish any further element. They only carry physiological functions and only support the body.  

The other by-products are dhatu-mala or excretory products. They can get easily vitiated by pathogenic factors; hence they are termed as [[mala]].  

The other by-products are dhatu-mala or excretory products. They can get easily vitiated by pathogenic factors; hence they are termed as [[mala]].  

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! Sr. No. !!Dhatu  !!Upadhatu  !! [[Mala]](functions)

! Sr. No. !!Dhatu  !!Upadhatu  !! [[Mala]]

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| 1. || [[Rasa]] || Stanya (breast milk), [[Rakta]](menstrual blood) || [[Kapha]]

| 1. || [[Rasa]] || breast milk (Stanya), menstrual blood([[Rakta]]) || [[Kapha]]

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| 2. || [[Rakta]] || Kandara (artery), sira (blood vessels), artava(menstrual blood)* || [[Pitta]]

| 2. || [[Rakta]] || artery  (Kandara), blood vessels (sira), menstrual blood(artava)* || [[Pitta]]

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| 3. || [[Mamsa]] || Vasa (muscle fat), six layers of skin || Kha-mala (excreta in ear, nose)  

| 3. || [[Mamsa]] || muscle fat (Vasa), six layers of skin || excreta in ear, nose etc.(Kha-mala )  

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| 4. || [[Meda]] || Snayu (tendons) || Sweda (sweat)

| 4. || [[Meda]] || tendons (Snayu) || sweat (Sweda)

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| 5. || [[Asthi]] || Danta(teeth)*nakha(nails)# || Kesha(scalp hair) and loma(body hair)

| 5. || [[Asthi]] || teeth(Danta)*nails(nakha)# || scalp hair(Kesha) and body hair(loma)

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| 6. || [[Majja]] || Kesha(hair)* || Akshi-twacha-vit sneha(oiliness in eyes, skin and stools)  

| 6. || [[Majja]] || hair(Kesha)* || oiliness in eyes, skin and stools(Akshi-twacha-vit sneha)  

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| 7. || [[Shukra]] || [[Ojas]]* || --

| 7. || [[Shukra]] || [[Ojas]]* || --

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* *As opined by Sharangadhara[Sharangadhara Sam. Purvakhanda chapter 5] ,  # As opined by Sushruta [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 46/529]

* *As opined by Sharangadhara[Sha.Sa. Purvakhanda chapter 5],  # As opined by Sushruta [Su.Sa. Sutra Sthana 46/529]

== Importance of knowledge of dhatu in clinical diagnosis and treatment ==  

== Importance of knowledge of dhatu in clinical diagnosis and treatment ==