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Line 72: − + − + − + − + − • The mamsavaha srotasa (nutrient transport system for mamsa) has its roots in snayu (ligaments) and twak (skin). [Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 5/8] + − • In addition, the raktavahi dhamani (major arterial trunks) also serve purpose of transport. [Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 9/12].+ − + − + − • Kala is the layer in outer coverings of body observed in sagittal section. Mamsadhara kala is the firstcovering with a network of sira (veins), snayu (ligaments), dhamani(artery) in it. [Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 4/10] It is a membrane that separates two organs or structures. Ex. Membrane is gastrointestinal tract separates it from visceral organs.+ + + + + − • Mamsa peshi (muscles): + − + − + + + − • Mamsa jala(network): There are four types of jala(network like structures) in body. Mamsa jala(muscle network) is the first one among them, the others being that of sira(veins),snayu(ligaments) and asthi(bones). There are four such networks formed from each of these types. They are present in wrist and ankle joints and interlinked together.[Su. Sam. Sharira Sthana 5/12].+ + + + + − • Mamsa rajju(cords): There are four major cord like structures attached to the vertebral column. The muscles are weaved and attached to these cords. [Su. Sam. Sharira Sthana 5/14].+ − • Kandara (tendons): The large ligaments are termed as ‘kandara’. There are 16 kandara in body. [Su.Sa. Sha.5/11]+ − • Mamsa marma :There are eleven mamsa marma(vital spots formed from muscle).These are four talahridaya (vital point in middle of palms and soles), four indrabasti(vital point in middle of forearms and upper part of calf region), guda (vital point in anus), and two stanarohita(vital point in upper part of breast nipples). If these marma are injured, then it can affect vitality of individual. [Su. Sam. Sharira Sthana 6/7].+ − Functions of mamsa dhatu:+ − Lepana(covering) is the main function of mamsa dhatu. Providing strength to the body and nourishment of meda dhatu are additional functions. [Su. Sam. Sutra Sthana 15/5]. Mamsa dhatu provides support for various movements and protection to the inner organs too. + − Mamsa dhatu is also inevitably involved in sustaining the strength of the body (bala) due to which there is inculcation of potential to perform physical activities. − Normalcy of mamsa dhatu is assessed by examination of different muscle actions such as – akunchan (flexion), Prasarana (extension), Utkshepan (elevation), Apakshepan (depression) and chakra gati (circumduction). Vyana vata is responsible for carrying out this function. [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/9]+ − Mamsa dhatu is known for his pure quality of sthira guna which is manifested by a sort of tension or tautness in group of muscles and this is seen as – Muscle tone. Any deviation in this may be elicited as – Hypotonia or Hypertonia.
→Existence of Mamsa dhatu in body:
The persons having essence of ''mamsa'' have their temples (''shankha''), forehead (''lalata''), nape (''krikatika''), eyes (''akshi''), cheek (''ganda''), jaws (''hanu''), neck (''griva''), shoulder (''skandha''), abdomen (''udara''), axillae (''kaksha''), chest (''vaksha''), hands (''pani''), feet (''pada'')and joints (''sandhi'') well developed with firm, heavy and good looking muscles. This essence indicates forbearance, restraint, and lack of greed, wealth, knowledge, happiness, simplicity, health, strength and longevity.[Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/105]
The persons having essence of ''mamsa'' have their temples (''shankha''), forehead (''lalata''), nape (''krikatika''), eyes (''akshi''), cheek (''ganda''), jaws (''hanu''), neck (''griva''), shoulder (''skandha''), abdomen (''udara''), axillae (''kaksha''), chest (''vaksha''), hands (''pani''), feet (''pada'')and joints (''sandhi'') well developed with firm, heavy and good looking muscles. This essence indicates forbearance, restraint, and lack of greed, wealth, knowledge, happiness, simplicity, health, strength and longevity.[Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/105]
==Existence of Mamsa dhatu in body: ==
==Existence of ''Mamsa dhatu'' in body: ==
The mamsa dhatu is present in various forms as below:
The ''mamsa dhatu'' is present in various forms as below:
Palala (muscular sheath or coat): It is present in the form of covering of an organ and also carries physiological functions.ex. Myocardium of Heart
''Palala'' (muscular sheath or coat): It is present in the form of covering of an organ and also carries physiological functions.ex. Myocardium of Heart
Mamsavaha srotas :
'''Mamsavaha srotas :'''
The ''mamsavaha srotasa'' (nutrient transport system for mamsa) has its roots in ''snayu'' (ligaments) and ''twak'' (skin). [Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 5/8]
In addition, the ''raktavahi dhamani'' (major arterial trunks) also serve purpose of transport. [Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 9/12].
There are various other anatomical structures related to mamsa dhatu. These can be included in the system of mamsavaha srotasa.The structures are as described below:
There are various other anatomical structures related to ''mamsa dhatu''. These can be included in the system of ''mamsavaha srotasa''.The structures are as described below:
Mamsadhara kala:
'''Mamsadhara kala:'''
''Kala'' is the layer in outer coverings of body observed in sagittal section.
''Mamsadhara kala'' is the firstcovering with a network of ''sira'' (veins), ''snayu'' (ligaments), ''dhamani''(artery) in it. [Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 4/10]
It is a membrane that separates two organs or structures. Ex. Membrane is gastrointestinal tract separates it from visceral organs.
'''Mamsa peshi (muscles):'''
The well differentiated compact form of mamsa(flesh) is called as peshi(muscles). It is created by division of mamsa by vayu and pitta. [Su.Sam. Sharir Stahna 4/28]
The well differentiated compact form of ''mamsa''(flesh) is called as ''peshi''(muscles). It is created by division of ''mamsa'' by [[vayu]] and [[pitta]]. [Su.Sam. Sharir Stahna 4/28]
There are 500 peshi in males and 520 peshi in female body.These peshi cover and provide strength to anatomical structures formed by veins, ligaments, bones, and their joints. [Su.Sa. Sha.5/37-39]The mamsa, sira and snayu are attached to bones to form anatomical structure. [Su.Sa.Sha.5/23]
There are 500 ''peshi'' in males and 520 ''peshi'' in female body.These ''peshi'' cover and provide strength to anatomical structures formed by veins, ligaments, bones, and their joints. [Su.Sa. Sha.5/37-39]
The ''mamsa'', ''sira'' and ''snayu'' are attached to bones to form anatomical structure. [Su.Sa.Sha.5/23]
This is useful for nutritional status assessment by Anthropometry.
This is useful for nutritional status assessment by Anthropometry.
'''Mamsa jala(network):''' There are four types of ''jala''(network like structures) in body. ''Mamsa jala''(muscle network) is the first one among them, the others being that of ''sira''(veins),''snayu''(ligaments) and ''asthi''(bones). There are four such networks formed from each of these types. They are present in wrist and ankle joints and interlinked together.[Su. Sam. Sharira Sthana 5/12].
'''Mamsa rajju(cords):''' There are four major cord like structures attached to the vertebral column. The muscles are weaved and attached to these cords. [Su. Sam. Sharira Sthana 5/14].
'''Kandara (tendons):''' The large ligaments are termed as ''‘kandara’.'' There are 16 ''kandara'' in body. [Su.Sa. Sha.5/11]
'''Mamsa marma :''' There are eleven ''mamsa marma''(vital spots formed from muscle).These are four ''talahridaya'' (vital point in middle of palms and soles), four ''indrabasti''(vital point in middle of forearms and upper part of calf region), ''guda'' (vital point in anus), and two ''stanarohita''(vital point in upper part of breast nipples). If these ''marma'' are injured, then it can affect vitality of the individual. [Su. Sam. Sharira Sthana 6/7].
'''Functions of mamsa dhatu:'''
''Lepana''(covering) is the main function of ''mamsa dhatu''. Providing strength to the body and nourishment of ''meda dhatu'' are additional functions. [Su. Sam. Sutra Sthana 15/5]. ''Mamsa dhatu'' provides support for various movements and protection to the inner organs too.
''Mamsa dhatu'' is also inevitably involved in sustaining the strength of the body (''bala'') due to which there is inculcation of potential to perform physical activities.
Normalcy of ''mamsa dhatu'' is assessed by examination of different muscle actions such as – ''akunchana'' (flexion), ''prasarana'' (extension), ''utkshepana'' (elevation), ''apakshepana'' (depression) and ''chakra gati'' (circumduction). ''Vyana vata'' is responsible for carrying out this function. [Cha.Sa.Chikitsa Sthana 28/9]
''Mamsa dhatu'' is known for his pure quality of ''sthira guna'' which is manifested by a sort of tension or tautness in group of muscles and this is seen as – Muscle tone. Any deviation in this may be elicited as – Hypotonia or Hypertonia.
==Importance in diagnosis=
==Importance in diagnosis=