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Unmada Nidana (view source)

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{{#seo:

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|title=Unmada Nidana

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|titlemode=append

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|keywords=Unmada, Sanjna Jnana, Amarsha, himsa, Prajnaparadha, Psychosis, insanity, mental factors examination, perversion, impairment of decision making, intellectual functions

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|description=Nidana Sthana Chapter 7. Diagnosis and etiopathogenesis of psychosis disorders

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}}

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<big>'''Nidana Sthana Chapter 7. Diagnosis and etiopathogenesis of psychosis disorders '''</big>

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</div>

===Sanskrit Text, Transliteration and English Translation===

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अथात उन्मादनिदानं व्याख्यास्यामः||१||

इति ह स्माह भगवानात्रेयः||२||

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athāta unmādanidānaṁ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ||1||

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Iti ha smAha bhagavAnAtreyaH||2||

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</div></div>

I shall now describe the chapter on the diagnosis of ''unmada''. Thus said Lord Atreya.[1- 2]

==== Five types of ''unmada'' ====

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इह खलु पञ्चोन्मादा भवन्ति|

तद्यथा- वातपित्तकफसन्निपातागन्तुनिमित्ताः||३||

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iha khalu pañcōnmādā bhavanti|

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tadyathA- vAtapittakaphasannipAtAgantunimittAH||3||

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</div></div>

There are five types of ''unmada'' such as those caused due to the three ''doshas, sannipata'' (simultaneous vitiation of the three ''doshas''), and exogenous causes. [3]

==== Individuals prone to ''unmada'' ====

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तत्र दोषनिमित्ताश्चत्वारः पुरुषाणामेवंविधानां क्षिप्रमभिनिर्वर्तन्ते; तद्यथा- भीरूणामुपक्लिष्टसत्त्वानामुत्सन्नदोषाणां समलविकृतोपहितान्यनुचितान्याहारजातानि वैषम्ययुक्तेनोपयोगविधिनोपयुञ्जानानां तन्त्रप्रयोगमपि विषममाचरतामन्याश्च शरीरचेष्टा विषमाः समाचरतामत्युपक्षीणदेहानां व्याधिवेगसमुद्भ्रमितानामुपहतमनसां वा कामक्रोधलोभहर्षभयमोहायासशोकचिन्तोद्वेगादिभिर्भूयोऽभिघाताभ्याहतानां वा मनस्युपहते बुद्धौ च प्रचलितायामभ्युदीर्णा दोषाः प्रकुपिता हृदयमुपसृत्य मनोवहानि स्रोतांस्यावृत्य जनयन्त्युन्मादम्||४||

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tatra dōṣanimittāścatvāraḥ puruṣāṇāmēvaṁvidhānāṁ kṣipramabhinirvartantē; tadyathā- bhīrūṇāmupakliṣṭasattvānāmutsannadōṣāṇāṁsamalavikr̥tōpahitānyanucitānyāhārajātāni vaiṣamyayuktēnōpayōgavidhinōpayuñjānānāṁ tantraprayōgamapi viṣamamācaratāmanyāśca śarīracēṣṭā viṣamāḥsamācaratāmatyupakṣīṇadēhānāṁ vyādhivēgasamudbhramitānāmupahatamanasāṁ [1] vākāmakrōdhalōbhaharṣabhayamōhāyāsaśōkacintōdvēgādibhirbhūyō'bhighātābhyāhatānāṁ vā manasyupahatē buddhau ca pracalitāyāmabhyudīrṇā [2] dōṣāḥprakupitā hr̥dayamupasr̥tya manōvahāni srōtāṁsyāvr̥tya janayantyunmādam||4||

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manovahAni srotAMsyAvRutya janayantyUnmadaam||4||

tatra doShanimittAshcatvAraH

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</div></div>

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This verse describes the qualities of a person prone to getting afflicted with ''unmada'', as well as the conditions that are conducive to the affliction of the disease:

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==== Types of cognitive distortions ====

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उन्मादं पुनर्मनोबुद्धिसञ्ज्ञाज्ञानस्मृतिभक्तिशीलचेष्टाचारविभ्रमंविद्यात्||५||

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unmādaṁ punarmanōbuddhisañjñājñānasmr̥tibhaktiśīlacēṣṭācāravibhramaṁ [1] vidyāt||5||

Unmadaam punarmanobuddhisa~jj~jAj~jAnasmRutibhaktishIlaceShTAcAravibhramavidyAt||5||

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</div></div>

''Unmada'' is again defined as cognitive distortion pertaining to mind, intellect, consciousness, knowledge, memory, desire, attitude, activities and behavior. [5]

==== Premonitory symptoms ====

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तस्येमानि पूर्वरूपाणि; तद्यथा- शिरसः शून्यता, चक्षुषोराकुलता, स्वनः कर्णयोः, उच्छ्वासस्याधिक्यम्, आस्यसंस्रवणम्, अनन्नाभिलाषारोचकाविपाकाः, हृद्ग्रहः, ध्यानायाससम्मोहोद्वेगाश्चास्थाने, सततं लोमहर्षः,

ज्वरश्चाभीक्ष्णम् उन्मत्तचित्तत्वम्, उदर्दित्वम् अर्दिताकृतिकरणं च व्याधेः, स्वप्ने चाभीक्ष्णं दर्शनं भ्रान्तचलितानवस्थितानां रूपाणामप्रशस्तानां

च तिलपीडकचक्राधिरोहणं वातकुण्डलिकाभिश्चोन्मथनं निमज्जनं च कलुषाणामम्भसामावर्ते चक्षुषोश्चापसर्पणमिति(दोषनिमित्तानामुन्मादानां पूर्वरूपाणि भवन्ति)||६||

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tasyēmāni pūrvarūpāṇi; tadyathā- śirasaḥ śūnyatā, cakṣuṣōrākulatā, svanaḥ karṇayōḥ, ucchvāsasyādhikyam, āsyasaṁsravaṇam, anannābhilāṣārōcakāvipākāḥ,hr̥dgrahaḥ, dhyānāyāsasammōhōdvēgāścāsthānē, satataṁ lōmaharṣaḥ, jvaraścābhīkṣṇam, unmattacittatvam, udarditvam [1] , arditākr̥tikaraṇaṁ ca vyādhēḥ, svapnēcābhīkṣṇaṁ darśanaṁ bhrāntacalitānavasthitānāṁ rūpāṇāmapraśastānāṁ ca tilapīḍakacakrādhirōhaṇaṁ vātakuṇḍalikābhiścōnmathanaṁ nimajjanaṁ cakaluṣāṇāmambhasāmāvartē cakṣuṣōścāpasarpaṇamiti [2] (dōṣanimittānāmunmādānāṁ pūrvarūpāṇi bhavanti)||6||

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tilapIDakacakrAdhirohaNaM vAtakuNDalikAbhishconmathana nimajjanaM ca

kaluShANAmambhasAm AvartecakShuShoshc ApasarpaNamiti (doShanimittAnAm UnmadaAnAM pUrvarUpANi bhavanti)||6||

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</div></div>

Following are the premonitory symptoms of ''unmada'':

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==== Specific features of ''vatika'' type ''unmada'' ====

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ततोऽनन्तरमेवमुन्मादाभिनिर्वृत्तिरेव| तत्रेदमुन्मादविशेषविज्ञानं भवति; तद्यथा- परिसरणमजस्रम्, अक्षिभ्रुवौष्ठांसहन्वग्रहस्तपादाङ्गविक्षेपणमकस्मात्,सततमनियतानां च

गिरामुत्सर्गः, फेनागमनमास्यात्, अभीक्ष्णं स्मितहसितनृत्यगीतवादित्रसम्प्रयोगाश्चास्थाने, वीणावंशशङ्खशम्यातालशब्दानुकरणमसाम्ना, यानमयानैः, अलङ्करणमनलङ्कारिकैर्द्रव्यैः, लोभश्चाभ्यवहार्येष्वलब्धेषु, लब्धेषु चावमानस्तीव्रमात्सर्यं च, कार्श्यं, पारुष्यम्, उत्पिण्डितारुणाक्षता वातोपशयविपर्यासादनुपशयता च; इति वातोन्मादलिङ्गानि भवन्ति(१);

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tatō'nantaramēvamunmādābhinirvr̥ttirēva|

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vAtopashayaviparyAsAdanupashayatA ca;

iti vAtonmAdali~ggAni bhavanti(1);

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</div></div>

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After the above stage, ''unmada'' manifests. The distinctive features of ''vatika'' type of ''unmada'' are as follows:

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==== Features of ''paittika'' type ''unmada'' ====

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अमर्षः, क्रोधः, संरम्भश्चास्थाने, शस्त्रलोष्ट्रकशाकाष्ठमुष्टिभिरभिहननं स्वेषां परेषां वा, अभिद्रवणं, प्रच्छायशीतोदकान्नाभिलाषः, सन्तापश्चातिवेलं, ताम्रहरितहारिद्रसंरब्धाक्षता, पित्तोपशयविपर्यासादनुपशयता च; इति पित्तोन्मादलिङ्गानि

भवन्ति(२) ;

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amarṣaḥ, krōdhaḥ, saṁrambhaścāsthānē, śastralōṣṭrakaśākāṣṭhamuṣṭibhirabhihananaṁ svēṣāṁ parēṣāṁ vā, abhidravaṇaṁ, pracchāyaśītōdakānnābhilāṣaḥ,santāpaścātivēlaṁ, tāmraharitahāridrasaṁrabdhākṣatā, pittōpaśayaviparyāsādanupaśayatā ca; iti pittōnmādaliṅgāni bhavanti(2);

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sveShAM pareShAM vA, abhidravaNaM, pracchAyashItodakAnnAbhilAShaH,

santApashcAtivelaM, tAmraharitahAridrasaMrabdhAkShatA,pittopashayaviparyAsAdanupashayatA ca; iti pittonmAdali~ggAni bhavanti(2);

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</div></div>

*Intolerance, anger and excitement at inappropriate occasions;

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==== Features of ''kaphaja'' type ''unmada'' ====

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स्थानमेकदेशे, तूष्णीम्भावः, अल्पशश्चङ्क्रमणं, लालाशिङ्घाणकस्रवणम्,

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श्लेष्मोपशयविपर्यासादनुपशयता च; इति श्लेष्मोन्मादलिङ्गानि

भवन्ति(३);त्रिदोषलिङ्गसन्निपाते तु सान्निपातिकं विद्यात्; तमसाध्यमाचक्षते कुशलाः||७||

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sthānamēkadēśē, tūṣṇīmbhāvaḥ, alpaśaścaṅkramaṇaṁ, lālāśiṅghāṇakasravaṇam, anannābhilāṣaḥ, rahaskāmatā, bībhatsatvaṁ, śaucadvēṣaḥ, svapnanityatā,śvayathurānanē, śuklastimitamalōpadigdhākṣatvaṁ, ślēṣmōpaśayaviparyāsādanupaśayatā ca; iti ślēṣmōnmādaliṅgāni bhavanti(3);

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anannAbhilAShaH, rahaskAmatA, bIbhatsatvaM, shaucadveShaH, svapnanityatA, shvayathurAnane,shuklastimitamalopadigdhAkShatvaM,shleShmopashayaviparyA sAdanupashayatA ca; iti shleShmonmAdali~ggAni bhavanti(3); tridoShali~ggasannipAte

tu sAnnipAtikaM vidyAt; tamasAdhyamAcakShate kushalAH||7||

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</div></div>

*Prefers to live at one place (doesn’t move/ immobility)

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==== Management of ''unmada'' ====

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साध्यानां तु त्रयाणां साधनानि- स्नेहस्वेदवमन विरेचनास्थापनानुवासनोपशमन नस्तःकर्मधूमधूपनाञ्जनावपीड प्रधमनाभ्यङ्गप्रदेह परिषेकानुलेपनवधबन्धनावरोधन वित्रासनविस्मापनविस्मारणापतर्पण सिराव्यधनानि, - भोजनविधानं च यथास्वं युक्त्या, यच्चान्यदपि किञ्चिन्निदानविपरीतमौषधं तदपि कार्यं स्यादिति||८||

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sādhyānāṁ tu trayāṇāṁ sādhanāni- snēhasvēdavamanavirēcanāsthāpanānuvāsanōpaśamananastaḥkarmadhūmadhūpanāñjanāvapīḍapradhamanābhyaṅgapradēhapariṣēkānulēpanavadhabandhanāvarōdhana-vitrāsanavismāpanavismāraṇāpatarpaṇasirāvyadhanāni, bhōjanavidhānaṁ ca yathāsvaṁ yuktyā, yaccānyadapi kiñcinnidānaviparītamauṣadhaṁ kāryaṁ tadapisyāditi||8||

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vitrAsanavismApanavismAraNApatarpaNasirAvyadhanAni,ca yathAsvaM

yuktyA, yaccAnyadapi ki~jcinnidAnaviparItamauShadhaM tadapi kAryaM syAditi||8||

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</div></div>

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Modalities of treatment of the three types of curable ''unmada'' are:

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Suitable diets should be given according to the requirement of the patient. Such other therapies as would work against the causative factors of the disease should also be given. [8]

</div>

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भवति चात्र-

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अनेन विधियुक्तेन कर्मणा यत् प्रकीर्तितम्||९||

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bhavati cātra-

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Anena vidhiyuktena karmaNA yat prakIrtitam||9||

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</div></div>

Thus it is said :

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==== Exogenous ''unmada'' ====

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यस्तु दोषनिमित्तेभ्य उन्मादेभ्यः समुत्थानपूर्वरूपलिङ्गवेदनोपशयविशेषसमन्वितो भवत्युन्मादस्तमागन्तुकमाचक्षते|

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प्रज्ञापराधाद्ध्ययं देवर्षिपितृगन्धर्वयक्षराक्षसपिशाच गुरुवृद्धसिद्धाचार्यपूज्यानवमत्याहितान्याचरति, अन्यद्वा किञ्चिदेवंविधं कर्माप्रशस्तमारभते; तमात्मना हतमुपघ्नन्तो देवादयःकुर्वन्त्युन्मत्तम्||१०||

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yastu dōṣanimittēbhya unmādēbhyaḥ samutthānapūrvarūpaliṅgavēdanōpaśayaviśēṣasamanvitō bhavatyunmādastamāgantukamācakṣatē|

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praj~jAparAdhAddhyayaM devarShipitRugandharvayakSharAkShasapishA caguruvRuddhasiddhAcAryapUjyAnavamatyAhitAnyAcarati, anyadvA

ki~jcidevaMvidhaM karmAprashastamArabhate; tamAtmanAhatamupaghnanto devAdayaH kurvantyunmattam||10||

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</div></div>

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==== Premonitory symptoms of exogenous ''unmada'' ====

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तत्र देवादिप्रकोपनिमित्तेनागन्तुकोन्मादेन पुरस्कृतस्येमानि पूर्वरूपाणि भवन्ति; तद्यथा- देवगोब्राह्मणतपस्विनां हिंसारुचित्वं, कोपनत्वं, नृशंसाभिप्रायता,अरतिः ओजोवर्णच्छायाबल वपुषामुपतप्तिः, स्वप्ने च देवादिभिरभिभर्त्सनंप्रवर्तनं चेति; ततोऽनन्तरमुन्मादाभिनिर्वृत्तिः||११||

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tatra dēvādiprakōpanimittēnāgantukōnmādēna puraskr̥tasyēmāni pūrvarūpāṇi bhavanti; tadyathā- dēvagōbrāhmaṇatapasvināṁ hiṁsārucitvaṁ, kōpanatvaṁ,nr̥śaṁsābhiprāyatā, aratiḥ, ōjōvarṇacchāyābalavapuṣāmupataptiḥ, svapnē ca dēvādibhirabhibhartsanaṁ pravartanaṁ cēti; tatō'nantaramunmādābhinirvr̥ttiḥ||11||

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ca devAdibhirabhibhartsanaM pravartanaM

ceti;tato~anantaramUnmadaAbhinirvRuttiH||11||

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</div></div>

The premonitory symptoms of exogenous ''unmada'' are as follows:

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''Unmada'' manifests soon after the occurrence of these premonitory symptoms. [11]

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तत्रायमुन्मादकराणां भूतानामुन्मादयिष्यतामारम्भविशेषो भवति; तद्यथा- अवलोकयन्तो देवा जनयन्त्युन्मादं,गुरुवृद्धसिद्धमहर्षयोऽभिशपन्तः , पितरो दर्शयन्त: स्पृशन्तो गन्धर्वाः, समाविशन्तो यक्षाः राक्षस्त्वात्मगन्धमाघ्रापयन्तः, पिशाचाः पुनरारुह्य वाहयन्तः||१२||

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tatrāyamunmādakarāṇāṁ bhūtānāmunmādayiṣyatāmārambhaviśēṣō bhavati; tadyathā- avalōkayantō dēvā janayantyunmādaṁ,guruvr̥ddhasiddhamaharṣayō'bhiśapantaḥ, pitarō darśayantaḥ [1] , spr̥śantō gandharvāḥ, samāviśantō yakṣāḥ, rākṣasāstvātmagandhamāghrāpayantaḥ, piśācāḥpunarāruhya vāhayantaḥ||12||

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spRushanto gandharvAH, samAvishanto yakShAH, rAkShasAstvAtmagandhamAghrApayantaH,pishAcAH punarAruhya

vAhayantaH||12||

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</div></div>

The various divine entities unleash their wrath on the individual as follows:

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==== Symptoms of exogenous ''unmada'' ====

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तस्येमानि रूपाणि भवन्ति ; तद्यथा- अत्यात्मबलवीर्य पौरुषपराक्रम ग्रहणधारणस्मरणज्ञानवचनविज्ञानानि; अनियतश्चोन्मादकालः||१३||

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tasyēmāni rūpāṇi bhavanti; tadyathā- atyātmabalavīryapauruṣaparākramagrahaṇadhāraṇasmaraṇajñānavacanavijñānāni [1] , aniyataścōnmādakālaḥ||13||

rUpANi bhavanti;tadyathAatyAtmabalavIryapauruShaparAkramagrahaNadhAra NasmaraNaj~jAnavacanavij~jAnAni aniyatashconmAdakAlaH||13||

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</div></div>

Characteristics of a patient afflicted with exogenous ''unmada'' are:

Untimely, uncertain and uncalled for manifestations superhuman strength, valor, manliness, enthusiasm, power of understanding and retention, memory, spirituality, logical and scientific knowledge and power of speech. [13]

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उन्मादयिष्यतामपि खलु देवर्षिपितृगन्धर्वयक्षराक्षसपिशाचानां गुरुवृद्धसिद्धानां वा एष्वन्तरेष्वभिगमनीयाः पुरुषा भवन्ति; तद्यथा- पापस्य कर्मणः समारम्भे, पूर्वकृतस्य वा कर्मणः परिणामकाले,

एकस्य वा शून्यगृहवासे,चतुष्पथाधिष्ठाने वा, सन्ध्यावेलायामप्रयतभावे वा पर्वसन्धिषु वा मिथुनीभावे, रजस्वलाभिगमने वा विगुणे ,नियमव्रतब्रह्मचर्यभङ्गे वा, महाहवे वा, देशकुलपुरविनाशे वा, महाग्रहोपगमने वा, स्त्रिया वा प्रजननकाले, विविधभूताशुभाशुचिस्पर्शने वा, वमनविरेचनरुधिरस्रावे, अशुचेरप्रयतस्य वा चैत्यदेवायतनाभिगमने वा,मांसमधुतिलगुडमद्योच्छिष्टे वा, दिग्वाससि वा, निशि

नगरनिगमचतुष्पथोपवनश्मशानाघातनाभिगमने वा, द्विजगुरुसुरयतिपूज्याभिधर्षणे वा, धर्माख्यानव्यतिक्रमे वा, अन्यस्य वा कर्मणोऽप्रशस्तस्यारम्भे, इत्यभिघातकाला व्याख्याता भवन्ति||१४||

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unmādayiṣyatāmapi khalu dēvarṣipitr̥gandharvayakṣarākṣasapiśācānāṁ guruvr̥ddhasiddhānāṁ vā ēṣvantarēṣvabhigamanīyāḥ puruṣā bhavanti; tadyathā-pāpasyakarmaṇaḥ samārambhē, pūrvakr̥tasya vā karmaṇaḥ pariṇāmakālē, ēkasya vā śūnyagr̥havāsē catuṣpathādhiṣṭhānē vā, sandhyāvēlāyāmaprayatabhāvē vāparvasandhiṣu vā mithunībhāvē, rajasvalābhigamanē vā, viguṇē vā'dhyayanabalimaṅgalahōmaprayōgē, niyamavratabrahmacaryabhaṅgē vā, mahāhavē vā,dēśakulapuravināśē vā, mahāgrahōpagamanē vā, striyā vā prajananakālē, vividhabhūtāśubhāśucisparśanē vā, vamanavirēcanarudhirasrāvē, aśucēraprayatasya vācaityadēvāyatanābhigamanē vā, māṁsamadhutilaguḍamadyōcchiṣṭē vā, digvāsasi vā, niśi nagaranigamacatuṣpathōpavanaśmaśānāghātanābhigamanē vā,dvijagurusurayatipūjyābhidharṣaṇē vā, dharmākhyānavyatikramē vā, anyasya vā karmaṇō'praśastasyārambhē, ityabhighātakālā vyākhyātā bhavanti||14||

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Unmadayisyatamapi khalu devarShipitRugandharvayakSharAkShasapishAcAnAM guruvRuddhasiddhAnAM vA eShvantareShvabhigamanIyAH puruShA bhavanti;tadyathA- pApasyam,karmaNaH samArambhe, pUrvakRutasya vA NaH pariNAmakAle,ekasya vA shUnyagRuhavAse catuShpathAdhiShThAne vA,sandhyAvelAyAmaprayatabhAvevA parvasandhiShu vA mithunIbhAve, rajasvalAbhigamane vA, viguNe vA~adhyayanabalima~ggalahomaprayoge, niyamavratabrahmacaryabha~ggevA,mahAhave vA,deshakulapuravinAshe vA, mahAgrahopagamane vA, striyA vA prajananakAle, vividhabhUtAshubhAshucisparshanevA,vamanavirecanarudhirasrAve,ashuceraprayatasyavAcaityadevAyatanAbhigamanevA,

mAMsamadhutilaguDamadyocchiShTevA,digvAsasi vA,nishi nagaranigama catuShpathopavana shmashAnAghAtanAbhigamane vA,dvijagurusurayatipUjyAbhidharShaNe vA, dharmAkhyAnavyatikrame vA, anyasya vA karma No~aprashastasyArambhe, tyabhighAtakAlA vyAkhyAtA bhavanti||14||

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</div></div>

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Persons get afflicted by ''unmada'' caused by godly spirits, ascetics, ancestors, ''gandharvas, yakshas, rakshasas, pishachas,'' preceptors, elders and adepts in the following circumstances, places and time:

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Thus, described were some circumstances in which a person attracts the wrath of gods, divinities, and the sages and gets afflicted with ''unmada''. [14]

</div>

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त्रिविधं तु खलु उन्मादकराणां भूतानामुन्मादने प्रयोजनं भवति; तद्यथा- हिंसा, रतिः, अभ्यर्चनं चेति तेषां तं प्रयोजनविशेषमुन्मत्ताचार विशेषलक्षणैर्विद्यात्| हिंसा, अप्सु वा स्थलाच्छ्वभ्रे निमज्जति, पतति, शस्त्रकशाकाष्ठलोष्टमुष्टिभिर्हन्त्यात्मानम्, अन्यच्च प्राणवधार्थमारभते किञ्चित्, विद्यात्; तमसाध्यं साध्यौ पुनर्द्वावितरौ||१५||

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trividhaṁ tu khalūnmādakarāṇāṁ bhūtānāmunmādanē prayōjanaṁ bhavati; tadyathā- hiṁsā, ratiḥ, abhyarcanaṁ cēti|

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anyacca prANavadhArthamArabhate ki~jcit, vidyat tamasAdhyaM vidyAt; sAdhyau

punardvAvitarau||15||

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</div></div>

''Unmada'' is caused by the above mentioned agents with the following objectives:

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==== Treatment of exogenous ''unmada'' ====

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तयोः साधनानि-

मन्त्रौषधिमणिमङ्गलबल्युपहारहोमनियमव्रतप्रायश्चित्तोपवास स्वस्त्ययनप्रणिपातगमनादीनि||१६||

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tayōḥ sādhanāni-

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mantrauShadhimaNi ma~ggala balyupahArahomaniyama vrataprAyashcitopavAsa svastyayana praNipAtagamanAdIni||16||

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</div></div>

For the curable variants of exogenous ''unmada'', the prescribed therapies are:

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==== Role of ''dosha'' in causing various types of ''unmada'' ====

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एवमेते पञ्चोन्मादा व्याख्याता भवन्ति||१७||

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ēvamētē pañcōnmādā vyākhyātā bhavanti||17||

Evamete pa~jconmAdA vyAkhyAtA bhavanti||17||

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</div></div>

In the following verses, the five types of ''unmada'' have been explained. [17]

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ते तु खलु निजागन्तुविशेषेण साध्यासाध्यविशेषेण च प्रविभज्यमानाः

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तस्य साधनं साधनसंयोगमेव विद्यादिति||१८||

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tē tu khalu nijāgantuviśēṣēṇa sādhyāsādhyaviśēṣēṇa ca pravibhajyamānāḥ pañca santō dvāvēva bhavataḥ|

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tatrAsAdhyasaMyogaM sAdhyAsAdhyasaMyogaM cAsAdhyaM vidyAt, sAdhyaM tu sAdhyasaMyogam| tasya sAdhanaM sAdhanasaMyogameva vidyAditi||18||

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</div></div>

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==== Responsible factors for ''unmada'' ====

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भवन्ति चात्र-

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न चान्ये स्वयमक्लिष्टमुपक्लिश्नन्ति मानवम्||१९||

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bhavanti cātra-

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na cAnyesvayamakliShTamupaklishnanti mAnavam||19||

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</div></div>

Neither gods, nor ''gandharvas'', nor ''pishachas'' nor ''rakshasas'' afflict a person who himself is free from misdeeds. The primary cause of ''unmada'' in an individual is the consequences of his own misdeeds and not other agents like the gods etc. [19]

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ये त्वेनमनुवर्तन्ते क्लिश्यमानं स्वकर्मणा |

न स तद्धेतुकः क्लेशो न ह्यस्ति कृतकृत्यता||२०||

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yē tvēnamanuvartantē kliśyamānaṁ svakarmaṇā|

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na sa taddhetukaH klesho na hyasti kRutakRutyatA||20||

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</div></div>

If the primary cause of ''unmada'' is misdeeds of the individual, then how could the causation of these exogenous ''unmada'' be attributed to divinities? Misdeeds committed already cannot be undone, but good deeds can pacify or neutralize the effects of these exogenous factors. [20]

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प्रज्ञापराधात् सम्भूते व्याधौ कर्मज आत्मनः|

नाभिशंसेद्बुधो देवान्न पितॄन्नापि राक्षसान्||२१|

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prajñāparādhāt sambhūtē vyādhau karmaja ātmanaḥ|

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nAbhishaMsedbudho devAnna pitRUnnApi rAkShasAn||21||

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</div></div>

All the diseases whether ''karmaja'' (due to misdeeds) or ''atman'' (due to one’s self) are caused due to intellectual errors. The Gods, ancestors or ''rakshasas'' shall not be blamed for any disease. [21]

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आत्मानमेव मन्येत कर्तारं सुखदुःखयोः|

तस्माच्छ्रेयस्करं मार्गं प्रतिपद्येत नो त्रसेत्||२२||

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ātmānamēva manyēta kartāraṁ sukhaduḥkhayōḥ|

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tasmAcchreyaskaraM mArgaM pratipadyeta no traset||22||

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</div></div>

One should hold himself responsible for his happiness and miseries. Therefore, one should follow the path of welfare without apprehensions. [22]

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देवादीनामपचितिर्हितानां चोपसेवनम्|

ते च तेभ्यो विरोधश्च सर्वमायत्तमात्मनि||२३||

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dēvādīnāmapacitirhitānāṁ cōpasēvanam|

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te ca tebhyo virodhashca sarvamAyattamAtmani||23||

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</div></div>

Prayers to the Gods etc. and resorting to wholesome dietary and lifestyle habits act as antidotes to the misdeeds of the individual. Thus, the choice either to avert or get afflicted with ''unmada'' rests with the individual himself. [23]

==== Summary ====

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तत्र श्लोकः-

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उन्मादानां निदानेऽस्मिन् क्रियासूत्रं च भाषितम्||२४||

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tatra ślōkaḥ-

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UnmadaAnAM nidAne~asmin kriyAsUtraM ca bhAShitam||24||

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</div></div>

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Unmada Nidana (view source)

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